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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Ordered Water Molecular Assembly Structure in a Slit-Shaped Carbon Nanospace (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 10075-10076 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100025a004
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coalescence of two parallel current loops in a nonrelativistic electron–positron plasma (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 844-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The coalescence of two parallel current loops in an electron–positron plasma is investigated by a three-dimensional electromagnetic relativistic particle code. Instead of mixing uniformly in the dissipation region as observed for current coalescence in an electron–ion plasma, electrons and positrons initially in the loops are driven to move separately by the magnetic gradient drift. Redistribution of the current-carrying electrons and positrons creates new current loops, which coalesce again, if the initial drift velocities remain greater than a critical value after coalescence. It was found that the energy stored in the current loops dissipates gradually through several coalescences. Consequently, the electrons and positrons near the current loops are heated through the coalescence. This process is qualitatively different from the explosive energy release during coalescence in an electron–ion plasma. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871784
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inclusion Complex of (S)-1,3-Butanediol with (S,S)-(+)-trans-2,3-Bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane (1997)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 351-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270196014175
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (R,R)-(−)-trans-2,3-Bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane (1998)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 111-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827019700992X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,11-Dithia[3.3.1]paracyclophane, (I), and 2,11-dithia[3.3.2]paracyclophane, (II) (1999)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 1357-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270199004503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The roles of visual and proprioceptive information during motor program choice in frogs (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 753-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Feeding behavior ; Deafferentation ; Afferent modulation ; Sensory feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, use tongue prehension to capture small prey and jaw prehension to capture large prey. After hypoglossal nerve transection, the frogs fail to open their mouths when attempting to feed on small prey, but open their mouths and capture large prey. Here, we investigate how visual information about the prey and proprioceptive information from the tongue interact to influence the motor program choice. Using pieces of earthworm of various sizes, we found that Rana exhibits two different behavior patterns based on prey size. The frogs captured the 1.5-cm prey using tongue prehension, whereas 2.0-cm and larger prey were captured using jaw prehension. After hypoglossal transection, the frogs never opened their mouths when they tried to feed on 1.5-cm prey. When feeding on 3.0-cm and larger prey after transection, they always opened their mouths and captured the prey using jaw prehension. When offered 2.0-cm prey, they alternated randomly between opening and not opening the mouth. Therefore, deafferentation changed the pattern of motor program choice at the behavioral border. This implies that afferents from the tongue interact with visual input to influence motor program choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207354
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory modulation and behavioral choice during feeding in the Australian frog, Cyclorana novaehollandiae (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 180 (1997), S. 187-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Feeding behavior  ;  Sensory modulation  ;   Behavioral choice  ;  Visual guidance  ;  Tactile cues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates how visual and tactile sensory information, as well as biomechanical effects due to differences in physical characteristics of the prey, influence feeding behavior in the frog Cyclorana novaehollandiae. Video motion analysis was used to quantify movement patterns produced when feeding on five prey types (termites, waxworms, crickets, mice and earthworms). Twelve kinematic variables differed significantly among prey types, and twelve variables were correlated with prey characteristics (including mass, length, height and velocity of movement). Results indicate that C.␣novaehollandiae uses a different strategy to capture each prey type. Visual assessment of prey characteristics appeared to be more important in modulating feeding behavior than tactile cues or biomechanical effects. We propose a hierarchical hypothesis of behavioral choice, in which decisions are based primarily on visual analysis of prey characteristics. In this model, the frogs first choose between jaw prehension and tongue prehension based on prey size. If they have chosen jaw prehension, they next choose between upward or downward head rotation based on length and height of the prey. If they have chosen tongue prehension, they next choose between behavior for fast and slow prey. Final decisions may be the result of behavioral fine tuning based on tactile feedback.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050040
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Path integral Monte Carlo method for ab initio calculation (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1223-1230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Feynman path integral method is applied to the many-electron problem. We first give new closure relations in terms of ordinary complex and real numbers, which could be derived from an arbitrary complete set of state vectors. Then, in the path integral form, the partition function of the system and the ensemble average of energy are explicitly expressed in terms of these closure relations. It is impossible to evaluate the path integral by direct numerical integrations because of its huge amount of integration variables. Therefore, we develop an algorithm by the Monte Carlo method with constraints corresponding to the normalization condition of states to calculate the required integral. Finally, the ensemble average of energy for the hydrogen molecule is explicitly evaluated by the quantum Monte Carlo method and results are compared with the result obtained by the ordinary full configuration interaction (CI) method. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonadiabatic treatment of molecular systems by the wavepackets method (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 60 (1996), S. 1261-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have already developed the many-electron wavepackets (MEWP) method in order to study the dynamics and electronic structure of molecular systems. We extended the MEWP method to study the nonadiabatic effects and formulated a nonadiabatic molecular theory, where both electron and nucleus are treated equivalently. Then we applied our method to the isotope series of hydrogen molecule i.e., H2, HD, and D2, and calculated the total energy and the average distance between nucleus-nucleus, electron-electron, and nucleus-electron in order to analyze numerically the nonadiabatic effect in the molecule. Finally we calculated the real-time evolution of the polarization by means of Chebyshev scheme; and by Fourier transforming this, we found out the excitation spectrum of the system, which corresponds to the electronic excitation and the nuclear vibrational frequency. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Path integral formulation for many-electron system (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 59 (1996), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Feynman path integral method is applied to the many-electron problem of quantum chemistry. We begin with constructing new closure relations in terms of the linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) coefficients and investigate the transition amplitude and the partition function of the system in question; then a “classical path of electrons,” which is described by the time-dependent Hartree-Fock-Roothaan equation, is obtained by minimizing the action integral of the system with respect to the “electron coordinate.” The next order approximation is obtained by evaluating the deviation from this classical path, which is approximately written by a Gaussian integral. The result is expected to be the random-phase approximation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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