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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 58 (1995), S. 68-73 
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 510-515 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract At present, there is little information on the optimization of the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by deuteromycete filamentous fungi, a reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. We utilized response-surface methodology to determine the optimal growth conditions for the oxidation of the PAH pyrene by Penicillium janthinellum SFU403, with respect to the variables glucose concentration, nitrate concentration and bioconversion time. Models were derived for the relationship between the variables tested and the level of the pyrene oxidation products, 1-pyrenol (1-PY) and pyrenequinones (PQ). Production of 1-PY and PQ were optimized by the same glucose and nitrate concentrations: 2.5% glucose and 1.5% sodium nitrate. The optimized 1-PY and PQ bioconversion times were 71 h and 73 h respectively. These conditions improved the yield of 1-PY by fivefold and PQ were more than 100-fold higher than the baseline levels obtained in this study. The optimized PQ yield represented 95% of the initial pyrene, thus the total optimised pyrene bioconversion to 1-PY and PQ was approximately 100%. Concentrations of glucose exceeding 4.0% repressed pyrene hydroxylation. Pyrene hydroxylation occurred almost exclusively during the deceleration phase of culture growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsAspergillus fumigatus ; Nitrate assimilation ; Nitrite reductase ; Fungal promoters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study reports the molecular characterization of the nitrate-assimilation gene cluster from the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. A genomic fragment was isolated which contained the entire structural gene encoding nitrite reductase (niiA), plus segments of the nitrate reductase (niaD) and the nitrate transporter (crnA) genes. Nitrate-assimilation genes in A. fumigatus are physically linked and transcribed in the same direction as in A. nidulans. The nitrate-assimilation gene cluster is on the largest chromosome (5.3 Mb). The nitrite reductase (niiA) gene encodes a protein of 1110 amino acids that contains regions corresponding to FAD, NADPH, FeS and siroheme binding sites. Eight small introns interrupt the niiA open reading frame. The niaD-niiA intergenic regulatory region contains promoter consensus sequences including TATA, CAAT, and binding sites for the areA and nirA gene products. Northern analysis indicated that the expression of niaD, niiA and crnA are induced by nitrate and repressed by ammonium at the transcriptional level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 7-17 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the catalytic core of the endoglucanase V (EGV) from Humicola insolens has been determined by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement at 1.5 Å resolution. The final model, refined with X-PLOR and PROLSQ, has a crystallographic R factor of 0.163 (Rfree = 0.240) with deviations from stereochemical target values of 0.012 Å and 0.037° for bonds and angles, respectively. The model was further refined with SHELXL, including anisotropic modelling of the protein-atom temperature factors, to give a final model with an R factor of 0.105 and an Rfree of 0.154. The initial isomorphous replacement electron-density map was poor and uninterpretable but was improved by the use of synchrotron data collected at a wavelength chosen so as to optimize the f′′ contribution of the anomalous scattering from the heavy atoms. The structure of H. insolens EGV consists of a six-stranded β-barrel domain, similar to that found in a family of plant defence proteins, linked by a number of disulfide-bonded loop regions. A long open groove runs across the surface of the enzyme either side of which lie the catalytic aspartate residues. The 9 Å separation of the catalytic carboxylate groups is consistent with the observation that EGV catalyzes the hydrolysis of the cellulose, β(1→4) links with inversion of configuration at the anomeric C1 atom. This structure is the first representative from the glycosyl hydrolase family 45.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In an earlier study [Smith, Davies, Dodson & Moore (1995). Biochemistry, 34, 415-425] the crystal structure of the d(TGATCA)-nogalamycin complex was determined to 1.8 Å and refined with PROLSQ to R = 19.5% against 4767 reflections with F〉 1σ(F). A low-temperature crystallographic study on this complex has now been performed. Native data collection at liquid-nitrogen temperature (120 K) improved the resolution to 1.4 Å. The structure has now been refined against these new diffraction data in the resolution range 8–1.4 Å using NUCLSQ, PROLSQ, SHELXL93 and X-PLOR, in order to determine to what extent the resulting DNA conformation and associated solvent structure would differ and to examine the suitability of these programs for the refinement of oligonucleotide structures. With the advent of more DNA-protein structure determinations, it is of interest to see how well the protein-refinement packages, PROLSQ and X-PLOR, and the small-molecule program, SHELXL93, are able to accommodate DNA. Comparisons are made between the dictionaries, weights and restraints used and the final models obtained from each program. Although the final R values, using all data in the resolution range 8.0–1.4 Å, from PROLSQ (22.8%), SHELXL93 (R1 =21.7% after isotropic refinement) and X-PLOR (24.4%) are higher than the R value from the NUCLSQ refinement (21.2%), the root-mean-square deviations between the four final models are very small. Using this high-quality 8.0–1.4 Å data set neither the dictionary nor the refinement program leave an imprint on the final fully refined complex. Likewise, the helical parameters and backbone conformation including sugar-puckering modes are not influenced by the refinement procedure used. Although a different number of water molecules is found in each refinement, varying from 62 (X-PLOR) to 86 (NUCLSQ), the first hydration sphere is well conserved in all four models.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A monoenergetic slow positron beam has been used for the first time to profile porous silicon films. High values of the Doppler-broadened line shape parameters are observed, which correspond to positron annihilation within the porous layers and these are attributed to the decay of para-positronium. After allowing for the reduced density of the porous film, fitted values of thickness were deduced which were in reasonable agreement with values obtained from ellipsometry measurements. Low values of the Doppler parameters observed for the two samples with the thinnest films are attributed to oxide residing at the interface of the porous and bulk silicon regions. Etching the samples in a solution of 48% hydrogen fluoride reduced the porous film thickness significantly, suggesting that a considerable amount of the film consists of SiO2. A four-component convolution analysis routine is used to analyze the individual 511 keV annihilation peaks, the result of which confirms the formation of positronium within the porous layer. Positron annihilation is shown to be a promising method for the nondestructive investigation of thin porous films. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 803 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 15 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To assess large-whale stocks following the cessation of land-based South Georgia whaling in 1965, we report three independent sighting databases: a cruise in 1997, observations from Bird Island (NW of South Georgia) between 1979 and 1998, and mariner sightings between 1992 and 1997. All species were rare, with sightings of southern right whales being the most common event. Two right whales photographed off South Georgia matched animals known from Peninsula Valdés, Argentina, a population known to be growing at 7%per annum. In contrast, blue and fin whales appeared to be less abundant. A single blue whale mother-calf pair was observed off the Shag Rocks in February 1997. Extirpation of animals from this particular feeding ground is the most likely reason for ongoing low numbers of all species. Other factors may include competition for krill by traditional predators such as penguins and seals and more recently by humans, an unusually high rate of natural mortality, habitat change such as alteration in sea ice coverage, and/or the impact of ongoing whaling. The history of this critical area of large-whale habitat and this report demonstrate the need for improved, consistent longterm monitoring of population trends for these depleted stocks.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 940-942 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 831-840 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Bragg-case synchrotron double-crystal images of stacking faults have been studied in a synthetic diamond. The topographs taken on the tails of the rocking curve showed well pronounced interference fringes arising from the stacking faults: the first such observation in Bragg diffraction geometry. The fringes were strongly dependent upon the angular setting, being invisible at the rocking-curve maximum but gaining in contrast and becoming more closely spaced further from the maximum. These experimental images were compared with predictions of plane-wave dynamical theory and a reasonably good correspondence was obtained when the finite beam divergence was taken into account. It was found that the theoretical fringe sequences depended upon the stacking fault and confirmed that the stacking faults observed were of intrinsic type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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