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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can marine mammals be used to monitor oceanographic conditions? (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 134 (1999), S. 387-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The breeding performance of higher predators has often been used to monitor fluctuations in the abundance of important prey stocks in marine ecosystems. The development of electronic data-loggers in recent years has also provided the opportunity of using wide-ranging marine animals to measure physical oceanographic conditions. In this study, time–depth recorders (TDRs) programmed to record temperature were deployed on female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at Bird Island, South Georgia (54°00′S; 38°02′W) during the breeding seasons 1994 to 1998. Temperature sensors had relatively slow response times, and thermal radiation errors occurred during the day when seals spent a large proportion of their time at the surface. Nevertheless, measurements provided temperature–depth profiles which were typical of the vertical stratification of the ocean. During the early stages of a foraging trip temperature increased, suggesting that fur seals travelled northwards from South Georgia towards the warmer waters of the Polar Front. In addition, higher temperatures were recorded by females that remained at sea for longer, implying that these individuals also travelled further. Mean sea-surface temperature (SST) increased from ∼1 to 4 °C from December to March and agreed with SSTs from ship, buoy and satellite. Future studies on marine mammals which combine satellite tracking with oceanographic measurements are likely to provide valuable information on biophysical aspects of the ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050555
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of three ubiquitin genes of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea, one of which is highly expressed during initial stages of plant colonisation (1998)
    Springer
    Current genetics 33 (1998), S. 352-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsPyricularia oryzae ; Ribosomal biosynthesis ; Gene amplification ; Plant infection ; Fungal pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Differential cDNA screening was used to identify genes expressed during the colonisation of rice leaves by the pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea. This led to the identification of a gene, called UEP1, which encodes a ubiquitin extension protein. UEP1 was highly expressed 48 h after initial fungal infection of rice leaves when M. grisea is proliferating in the leaf epidermis but not yet causing disease symptoms. UEP1 appeared to be down-regulated after this time despite further extensive growth of the fungus throughout the leaf tissue. To investigate the potential role of ubiquitin in fungal pathogenesis we subsequently isolated UEP3 and PUB4, encoding a second ubiquitin extension protein and a polyubiquitin respectively. UEP1 was expressed abundantly during active growth of M. grisea in axenic culture but was down-regulated by starvation-stress. UEP3 showed a similar pattern of expression to UEP1 during the growth of M. grisea in culture and after environmental stress, but was not highly expressed during plant colonisation. PUB4 was highly expressed after environmental stress, but was not highly expressed during plant colonisation. UEP1 was found to be present in a much-higher copy number per haploid genome compared to UEP3 and PUB4. The restricted high-level expression of UEP1 suggests that M. grisea undergoes rapid ribosomal biogenesis and protein turnover during initial plant-tissue colonisation, which is regulated by a specific UEP1-encoded component of the M. grisea ubiquitin gene family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050347
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derelict land reclamation and English Partnerships - shedding light on the new regime (1996)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Property management 14 (1996), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-7472
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Explains that the 1993 Department of Environment Survey of Derelict Land in England found that the area of derelict land in England between 1988 and 1993 remained relatively static, despite the considerable sums of public money spent on derelict land reclamation during this period. With the launch of English Partnerships in 1993, and its subsuming of Derelict Land Grant the following year, evaluates the changes in the funding of derelict land reclamation in England and attempts to identify the likely outcomes of such changes. Describes a study in which key players within English Partnerships and Government Offices for the regions were interviewed, as well as local government officers with the responsibility for implementing land reclamation programmes. Concludes that there will be a reduction in the priority and funding of derelict land reclamation and that as a consequence, the area of derelict land in England may increase for the first time in over a decade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637479610124945
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PREMATURE PUPPING IN ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS (ARCTOCEPHALUS GAZELLA) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 15 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00853.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industrial policy and duopolistic trade with dynamic demand (1996)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 11 (1996), S. 355-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Trade policy ; conjectural variations ; markovian strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The authors study strategic trade policy in the framework of an explicit dynamic game in which home and foreign duopolists compete in a third-country market for non-competitive rents. Dynamics are introduced on the demand side by assuming demand for the product depends on past consumption of that good. The analysis demonstrates that the perfect equilibrium of the dynamic game can be replicated by a conjectural variations equilibrium, and that optimal policy requires a tax on exports.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic Imaging of the Distribution of 5-Fluorouracil Through Cervical Tissue Following in Vitro Surface Application of a Bioadhesive Cervical Patch (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 676-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: autoradiography ; bioadhesive ; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ; 5-fluorouracil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of 5-fluorouracil through cervical tissue has been assessed following the in vitro application of a bioadhesive patch to excised human cervix. The bioadhesive matrix contained a total of 20 mg of 5-fluorouracil spiked with 5-fluorouracil-6-3H and was applied for fixed periods of either 4 or 24 hours. Tissue slices were sectioned perpendicular to the plane of the applied patch and the autoradiographic image developed by placing a frozen tissue slice on Hyperfilm with subsequent instant thawing and refreezing, the resulting bilayer being maintained at −18°C for 24 hours. The developed image was analysed by scanning densitometry and raster scans were visualised with three-dimensional contouring software. The autoradiograms showed darker areas surrounding tissue ducts, suggesting that 5-FU was spilling from the lumen into the surrounding stroma. Transport of 5FU via aqueous channels may thus make an important contribution to the rapid penetration of the drug through the cervical stroma. Three-dimensional autoradiographic images showed that, for a 4-hour patch application, there were areas of relatively low drug concentration within the upper 5 mm of tissue, where CIN lesions can exist in the glandular tissue or cervical crypts. However, extending the application time to 24 hours produced areas of high drug concentration extending throughout this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016251307440
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Skin A.C. Impedance Parameters In Vivo During the Percutaneous Absorption of Local Anesthetics (1999)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 16 (1999), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: a.c. impedance spectroscopy ; percutaneous local anesthesia ; tetracaine ; lidocaine-prilocaine eutectic mixture ; reservoir effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011994206954
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Antibodies with Sub-nanomolar Affinities Isolated from a Large Non-immunized Phage Display Library (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 14 (1996), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To generate a stable resource from which high affinity human antibodies to any given antigen can be rapidly isolated, functional V-gene segments from 43 non-immunized human donors were used to construct a repertoire of 1.4 × 1010 single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments displayed on the surface of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0396-309
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Directed selection of MIP-1α neutralizing CCR5 antibodies from a phage display human antibody library (1998)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 16 (1998), S. 778-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The seven trans-membrane chemokine receptor CCR-5 is a coreceptor for macrophage tropic HIV-1 strains. CCR-5 responds to a number of chemokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α. We describe the use of MIP-1α in a biotin tyramine-mediated proximity selection to guide ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0898-778
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of macroinvertebrate assemblages inhabiting pristine streams in the Huron Mountains of Michigan, USA (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 330 (1996), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were surveyed from similar erosional biotopes of four pristine streams in the remote Huron Mountain region of the upper peninsula of Michigan during the summers of 1992 and 1993. Semi-quantitative samples from five sites, each in a 1.5 km stretch of Mountain Stream, Pine River, Salmon-Trout River and Huron River, were the basis for structural and functional comparisons between streams. Ancillary water chemistry data reflect the relative pollution free nature of these streams. Both water chemistry and macroinvertebrate data served as the first baseline data for Huron Mountain streams. No new or rare species were found among the 194 species sampled. Temporal differences in taxonomic makeup within streams were due to differences among insect species life cycles. Taxonomic makeup between streams was generally similar, but certain differences are shown to be possibly related to factors such as lake sources, interspecific interactions, and stream size. Based on relative abundance of each functional feeding group, assemblages in all streams were functionally similar and collector-dominated. ANOVA results indicated significant differences in functional feeding group abundance and biomass between streams in every case. The functional variations reflected by specific differences in taxonomic composition between stream assemblages are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024208
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