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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the human B2-bradykinin receptor gene (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 688-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of a nucleotide polymorphism in the core promoter of the human B2-bradykinin receptor gene was examined in the population of southern Germany. The allelic frequencies were 0.595 for the C allele and 0.405 for the T allele. The allelic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This new marker provides a valuable tool to assess the risk for putative bradykinin-associated disorders with genetic determinism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02281884
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel sequence polymorphism in the promoter region of the human B2-bradykinin receptor gene (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 688-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of a nucleotide polymorphism in the core promoter of the human B2-bradykinin receptor gene was examined in the population of southern Germany. The allelic frequencies were 0.595 for the C allele and 0.405 for the T allele. The allelic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This new marker provides a valuable tool to assess the risk for putative bradykinin-associated disorders with genetic determinism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of an animal feed reference material for the organochlorine pesticide contents: BCR CRM 115 (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 357 (1997), S. 1035-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  An animal feed reference material has been prepared and enriched with 15 organochlorine pesticides at levels close to the maximum residue limits set up in the European Directive 74/63/EEC. The homogeneity of the material has been assessed on the basis of the pesticide contents at a level of sample intake of 5 g. The one year stability study revealed an instability of heptachlor, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, α-HCH and γ-HCH (decrease in content) and p,p′-TDE (increase) at +37 °C; at +20 °C no instability could be demonstrated. The material has been certified in an interlaboratory certification study for: HCB (0.0194 mg/kg), β-HCH (0.023 mg/kg), γ-HCH (0.0218 mg/kg), heptachlor (0.019 mg/kg), γ-Chlordane (0.048 mg/kg), α-Endosulfan (0.046 mg/kg), Dieldrin (0.018 mg/kg), Endrin (0.046 mg/kg), o,p′-DDT (0.046 mg/kg) and p,p′-DDE (0.047 mg/kg). The α-HCH isomer, Aldrin, β-Heptachloro-epoxide, p,p′-DDT and p,p′-TDE could not be certified. The methods used for the certification are described as well as the major difficulties encountered in the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050300
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of powdered candidate biological and environmental reference materials in the laboratories of the Joint Research Centre (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The production of candidate biological and environmental reference materials in the laboratories of the Joint Research Centre, mainly on behalf of BCR, started in 1972 in Ispra and became concentrated in 1984 in Geel. Today, dedicated facilities for the transformation of biological and solid or liquid materials into dry powder samples are in use. The major guidelines followed in the conception of these facilities are described. Some typical examples of facilities developed or adapted to fulfil the specific requirements of professional CRM preparation are discussed, e.g. the whole-Teflon cryo-grinding equipment, the in-line controlled freeze-drier, the special facility for clean and dry handling of powders, the milling with classification equipment and the automation of bottling and labelling operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050697
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Innate colour preferences of flower visitors (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Colour preference ; Flower colouration ; Flower visitation ; Visual signals ; Innate behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Freshly emerged flower visitors exhibit colour preferences prior to individual experience with flowers. The understanding of innate colour preferences in flower visitors requires a detailed analysis, as, on the one hand, colour is a multiple-signal stimulus, and, on the other hand, flower visits include a sequence of behavioural reactions each of which can be driven by a preferential behaviour. Behavioural reactions, such as the distant approach, the close-range orientation, the landing, and the extension of mouthparts can be triggered by colour stimuli. The physiological limitations of spectral sensitivity, the neuro-sensory filters, and the animals' different abilities to make use of visual information such as brightness perception, wavelength-specific behaviour and colour vision shape colour preferences. Besides these receiverbased factors, there are restrictions of flower colouration due to sender-based factors such as the absorption properties of floral pigments and the dual function of flower colours triggering both innate and learned behaviour. Recordings of the spectral reflection of coloured objects, which trigger innate colour preferences, provide an objective measure of the colour stimuli. Weighting the spectral reflection of coloured objects by the spectral composition of the ambient light and the spectral sensitivity of the flower visitors' photoreceptors allows the calculation of the effective stimuli. Perceptual dimensions are known for only a few taxa of flower visitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00243394
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of a certified reference material of polar pesticides in freeze-dried water (CRM 606) (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 363 (1999), S. 632-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of a certified reference material of polar pesticides in freeze-dried water is described. The pesticides selected were atrazine, simazine, carbaryl, propanil, linuron, fenamiphos and permethrin which were added to 6000 litres of tap water at 50–80 μg · L–1 (200–320 μg · L–1 for permethrin) level in presence of NaCl (2.5 g · L–1) prior lyophilization. After the freeze-drying process the residue was rehomogenized, filled into amber glass bottles and stored at –20 °C, +4 °C and +20 °C. All pesticides were determined by HPLC/diode array detector, except permethrin which was determined by GC/ECD. The results obtained for atrazine, simazine, carbaryl, propanil, linuron and fenamiphos showed no within- or between-bottle inhomogeneity, however the material was non-homogeneous for permethrin and therefore this was withdrawn from further studies. With respect to the stability for over one year, all pesticides were stable at –20 °C. At +4 °C all pesticides were stable for at least 9 months and at +20 °C the stability was demonstrated only during the first month of storage. The content (mass fractions) of atrazine, simazine, carbaryl, propanil and linuron in freeze-dried water (CRM 606) was certified by an interlaboratory testing and a certification campaign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051263
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement scheme for the determination of arsenic species in mussel and fish tissues (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 363 (1999), S. 5-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Six interlaboratory studies were organised by the Standard, Measurement and Testing Programme of the European Commission on the determination of arsenic species (arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, As(III) and As(V)) in marine matrices and soil. A step-by-step approach was used and a meeting was held at the end of each study to help the participants to discover errors and to improve their analytical methods. The successive steps investigated the calibration procedures on various solutions, the separation and derivatisation techniques on solutions and extracts and the extraction on mussel and fish tissues. All materials used for the study were monitored for their stability. Verified calibration solutions and compounds were distributed to the participants in each exercise in order to trace calibration problems. The agreement between the results improved regularly and at the end of the six campaigns allowed the certification of a reference material of tuna-fish tissue (BCR-CRM 627) for its total arsenic, arsenobetaine and dimethylarsinic acid contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051129
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of pure calibrants (arsenobetaine and arsenocholine) for arsenic speciation studies and certification of an arsenobetaine solution – CRM 626 (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 363 (1999), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Interlaboratory studies have been organised by the Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme in order to certify the content of some chemical forms of arsenic in fish and mussel tissue, soil and sediment. Among the six compounds of interest (arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsinic and monomethylarsonic acids, arsenobetaine and arsenocholine) only four are commercially available. Arsenobetaine and arsenocholine of well defined purity had therefore to be prepared by the pilot laboratories in charge of the management of the project. The present work deals with the synthesis and characterisation of these two compounds and the certification of the content of arsenobetaine in a standard solution (BCR-CRM 626).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051130
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of total arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid and arsenobetaine contents in a tuna fish powder (BCR-CRM 627) (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 363 (1999), S. 18-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Tuna fishes were collected in the Straits of Messina (Italy), were dissected and dorsal muscles minced, freeze-dried, ground and sieved. The obtained powder was stabilised by γ-irradiation and filled into brown glass bottles. The homogeneity and stability at +20 °C and +40 °C were verified with regards to the total arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid and arsenobetaine contents. Ten laboratories participated in the certification study. All participants had demonstrated beforehand their ability to produce accurate results for the As speciation in fish tissue. The certified values are: total arsenic (4.8 ± 0.3) mg/kg, arsenobetaine (52 ± 3) μmol/kg, dimethylarsinic acid (2.0 ± 0.3) μmol/kg. The material is available from the BCR since early 1998.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051131
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of the contents of five polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and six polychlorodibenzo furans in milk powder (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 359 (1997), S. 222-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Preparation, homogeneity and stability studies of a natural milk powder material and subsequent certification of the mass fraction of five polychlorodi-benzo-p-dioxins (D48, D54, D66, D67, D70) and six polychlorodibenzo furans (F83, F94, F114, F118, F121, F130) are described. The material, CRM 607, is intended for use in the method validation and quality control of the complete analytical procedure for congener-specific determination of dioxins in milk powder and similar dairy products and was certified in an interlaboratory study for: 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 0.25 ng/kg; 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 0.79 ng/kg; 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.42 ng/kg; 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, 0.98 ng/kg; 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD, 0.34 ng/kg; 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 0.05 ng/kg; 1,2,3, 7,8-PeCDF, 0.054 ng/kg; 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1.81 ng/kg; 1,2,3,4,7, 8-HxCDF, 0.94 ng/kg; 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, 1.01 ng/kg and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF, 1.07 ng/kg. An indicative (non-certified) value was assigned to the mass fraction of the hepta- and octachlorinated congeners D73, D75, F131, F134, F135 and the HxCDF F124.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050564
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