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  • 1995-1999  (761)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the Alkali-Metal Vanadium Oxide Xerogel Bronzes: AxV2O5.cntdot.nH2O (A = K and Cs) (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 7 (1995), S. 1616-1624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00057a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron Reflectivity Study of Poly(vinyl-4-pyridine)-Deuterated Polystyrene (P4VP-dPS) Diblock Brushes (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 6347-6348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00122a048
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time and Temperature Properties of Triblock Copolymer Ordering (1995)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 189-190 (July 1995), p. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/01/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.189-190.161.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform 2 (NHE2) is Expressed in the Apical Membrane of the Medullary Thick Ascending Limb (1997)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 160 (1997), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Apical Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) in the proximal tubule and medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) display similar functions and regulation, suggesting that similar NHE isoforms are present. In the rat proximal tubule, NHE2 and NHE3 are present in the apical membrane, however, in the MTAL, NHE3, but not NHE2, mRNA has been found. In this study, the expression and subcellular localization of NHE2 in both rat and mouse MTAL were studied. To detect NHE2 mRNA, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed in microdissected MTAL tubules using primers specific for NHE2. Analysis of PCR products with and without digestion by restriction enzymes chosen from the published NHE2 sequence gave predicted sizes. Subcloning and sequencing of the PCR product from mouse MTAL revealed 91% and 75% identity to the published NHE2 nucleotide sequence of comparable regions in rat and rabbit, respectively. Thus, NHE2 mRNA is expressed in the MTAL of mouse and rat. The subcellular localization of NHE2 was determined by immunochemistry using a specific NHE2 antibody. Immunofluorescence staining was observed in the apical, but not basolateral, membrane of MTAL of both species. In addition, anti-NHE2 antibody recognized an 85 kD protein in plasma membranes prepared from mouse and rat renal outer medulla and a MTAL cell line by Western analysis, which further support that NHE2 protein is expressed in the MTAL of both species. We conclude that NHE2 is expressed in the apical membrane of MTAL in both mouse and rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900297
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoforms in Inner Segment of Inner Medullary Collecting Duct (IMCD3) (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 164 (1998), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: NHE — IMCD — IMCD3— RT-PCR — Hyperosmolality — Na+/H+ exchanger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) play a critical role in many cellular and transport processes in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). Morphologically, the IMCD is divided into the outer (IMCD1), middle (IMCD2), and inner (IMCD3) segments. The inner, IMCD3 segment contains only one cell type, the IMCD cell, which is distinct in ultrastructure and in function from the principal and intercalated cells that are present in other portions of the IMCD. NHEs constitute a gene family containing several isoforms (NHE1, NHE2, NHE3, NHE4 and NHE5) which possess distinct characteristics and serve specialized functions. To understand the molecular basis of NHE-related processes in the IMCD, it is critical to know the molecular identity of the NHEs in this tubule segment. The purpose of the present study was to identify the NHE isoforms present and their polar distribution in IMCD3. Applying the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique to IMCD3 (obtained from distal 50% of inner medulla) of mouse and rat kidneys, we found that NHE1, NHE2 and NHE4, but not NHE3 were expressed in both species. The polar localization of NHE in IMCD3 was examined in tubules isolated from rats and perfused in vitro with HEPES-buffered solutions under isotonic conditions. pHi was measured by BCECF fluorescence. Na+-dependent, amiloride-inhibitable pHi recovery from cell acidification (consistent with NHE) was detected in the basolateral, but not the apical, membrane of IMCD3. We conclude that NHE1, NHE2 and NHE4, but not NHE3, are present in both the mouse and rat IMCD3. Functionally, NHE is limited to the basolateral membrane. Additional studies are needed to determine the physiological roles and regulation of basolateral NHE isoforms in this tubule segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900414
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Divalent Cation Effects on the Shaker K Channel Suggest a Pentapeptide Sequence as Determinant of Functional Surface Charge Density (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 165 (1998), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Shaker K channel — Voltage clamp —Xenopus oocytes — Surface charges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of the divalent cations strontium and magnesium on Shaker K channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes were investigated with a two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. 20 mm of the divalent cation shifted activation (conductance vs. potential), steady-state inactivation and inactivation time constant vs. potential curves 10–11 mV along the potential axis. The results were interpreted in terms of the surface charge theory, and the surface charge density was estimated to be −0.27 e nm−2. A comparison of primary structure data and experimental data from the present and previous studies suggests that the first five residues on the extracellular loop between transmembrane segment 5 and the pore region constitutes the functional surface charges. The results further suggest that the surface charge density plays an important role in controlling the activation voltage range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900432
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and genetic mapping of Xenopus TAP2 genes (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words MHC ; Transporter ; Evolution ; PCR cloning ; Allelic lineage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The amphibian Xenopus laevis is one non-mammalian vertebrate in which the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been analyzed extensively. Class IIβ, class Ia, LMP2, LMP7, HSP70, C4, Factor B, and Ring3 genes have been identified and mapped to the MHC. Here, we report the isolation of a transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) gene, TAP2, and demonstrate its linkage to the MHC. While the ATP-binding region of Xenopus TAP2 is highly conserved in evolution, amino acid identity to other vertebrate TAP proteins was not detected in the N-terminal region. Segregation analysis of 34 individuals from two families showed exact restriction fragment length polymorphism matching between the MHC class Ia gene and the one TAP2 gene demonstrating linkage conservation since the mammalian/amphibian divergence ∼350 million years ago. In addition, one non-MHC-linked TAP2–hybridizing fragment was detected in approximately half of the individuals tested. Interestingly, TAP2 allelic lineages appear to match those of LMP7 and classical class I, which previously were categorized into two highly divergent groups that emerged at least 60 million years ago. Similar to LMP7 and class Ia,TAP2 is expressed ubiquitously with highest levels in intestine and spleen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050478
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy uncoupling in microbial growth under substrate-sufficient conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 49 (1998), S. 500-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract It has been observed that the correlation between ATP and biomass formation is very poor, and the observed growth yield is lowered under substrate-sufficient conditions. This indicates that the excess substrate causes uncoupling between anabolism and catabolism, which leads to the dissipation of non-growth energy. However, a quantitative description of such uncoupling remains elusive. Based on a balanced substrate reaction, a growth-yield model in relation to residual substrate concentration for substrate-sufficient continuous cultures was developed. On the basis of this yield model, a coefficient governing the uncoupling of anabolism and catabolism was defined. A model describing the effect of the residual substrate concentration on this uncoupling coefficient was further proposed. These models agree with experimental data very well. It is clearly shown that, under substrate-sufficient conditions, the variation in growth efficiency is mainly due to energy uncoupling rather than to maintenance energy expenditure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic model incorporating energy spilling for substrate removal in substrate-sufficient batch culture of activated sludge (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 647-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Batch assays are currently used to study the kinetic behavior of microbial growth. However, it has been shown that the outcome of batch experiments is greatly influenced by the initial ratio of substrate concentration (S o) to biomass concentration (X o). Substrate-sufficient batch culture is known to have mechanisms of spilling energy that lead to significant nongrowth-associated substrate consumption, and the Monod equation is no longer appropriate. By incorporating substrate consumption associated with energy spilling into the balance of the substrate oxidation reaction, a kinetic model for the observed specific substrate consumption rate was developed for substrate-sufficient batch culture of activated sludge, and was further verified by experimental data. It was demonstrated that the specific substrate consumption rate increased with the increase of the S o/X o ratio, and the majority of substrate was consumed through energy spilling at high S o/X o ratios. It appears that the S o/X o ratio is a key parameter in regulating metabolic pathways of microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051572
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminum Toxicity and Nutrient Utilization in the Mycorrhizal Fungus Hebeloma mesophacus (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 59 (1997), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900454
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