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  • 1995-1999  (47)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low uncertainty determination of manganese and vanadium in environmental and biological reference materials by instrumental neutron activation analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 415-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The elements Mn and V were determined by INAA in about 5 mg and 100 mg aliquots of NIST SRM 1648 to elucidate discrepancies between our previous results for the 0.5 mg to 15 mg aliquots and the NIST certified and/or information values. Simultaneously, other NIST SRMs 1633a, 2704, and BCR CRMs 038, 101 and 143 were also analyzed. Special attention was given to evaluating and minimizing uncertainties of all steps of analysis. Our results compared very well with the respective certified and/or information values (if available) of all SRMs and CRMs studied, except for NIST SRM 1648. For this SRM we have found significantly lower results than the NIST values which suggests that the NIST values are positively biased by about 10%. A new value for V in BCR CRM 143 was also obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050725
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proficiency tests using four batches of green alga with controlled levels of cadmium (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 439-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A set of test materials of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris with different levels of naturally bound Cd and about the same levels of other 13 essential or trace elements (BIOMA 1–4) was produced for proficiency testing of laboratories involved in elemental analysis of food. Criteria of the laboratories’ performance, such as the z-score and combination scores RSZ and SSZ were evaluated and discussed in terms of their suitability for proficiency testing using a set of test materials with the same matrix. The use of the test materials as a set of internal reference materials has also been suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050732
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reference material “total protein in human urine” (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 361 (1998), S. 756-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two batches of a reference material (RM) “total protein in human urine” were prepared for quality assurance in the determination of human urinary proteins. The material was prepared by freeze-drying of a pooled urine sample obtained from healthy volunteers. Protein concentrations in both batches were within physiological values, close to their upper limit. Interlaboratory comparisons conducted in 26 laboratories using the standard operation procedures elaborated for six of the most frequently employed methods (biuret, Bradford, Exton, Lowry, Pesce, and Watanabe) revealed that the results obtained by the individual methods were significantly different due to various reaction mechanisms involved. It was therefore necessary to certify the mean values and their uncertainties individually for each method. These operationally defined certified or information values are valid only when the prescribed standard operation procedures are strictly followed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The canopy water relations of old-growth Douglas-fir trees (1999)
    Springer
    Trees 13 (1999), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  We investigated whole tree water relations in 56–65 m tall, old-growth Pseudotsuga menziesii trees within the Wind River Canopy Crane site, Carson, Washington, USA. We measured at predawn and solar noon the vertical gradients in xylem pressure potential using a pressure chamber. On an Abies amabilis sapling located in the understory at the base of one of the study trees, predawn and solar noon xylem pressure potentials were also measured. Xylem pressure potential data were measured from late June through early September 1996 on foliage sampled from 1 to 64.5 m. Over this height gradient, predawn water potentials ranged from –0.23 to –1.10 MPa. Solar noon values showed an even greater range (from –0.44 to –2.51 MPa). At predawn, the water potential gradient approached the theoretical hydrostatic gradient (–0.0105 vs –0.010 MPa m–1). The gradient at solar noon was steeper (–0.0331 MPa m–1). Instantaneous stomatal conductances were not greatly different between young, sapling-sized and old-growth trees [0.094±0.033 (SD) vs 0.086±0.045 cm s–1, respectively]. Stomata of both size classes of trees appeared very sensitive to increasing vapor pressure deficits. A comparison of stable carbon isotope values from the old-growth and sapling-sized trees indicated lower stomatal conductances in the old-growth. This study provides sound documentation regarding the utility of the cohesion theory in the interpretation of water potential gradients. This study also emphasizes inherent differences between sapling-sized and tall, old-growth trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050235
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A set of four soil reference materials with certified values of total element contents and their extractable fractions (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 402-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A set of certified reference materials of four natural soils denoted as CRM 7001-4 was prepared. They consist of light sandy soils with normal and elevated, silty clay loam with normal, and loam with elevated element levels. Certified and/or information values were established for the total contents of the elements As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, and their fractions, extractable with aqua regia, and boiling and cold 2 mol L–1 nitric acid, from results of a 28 laboratory intercomparison using various methods of atomic absorption spectrometry, optical emission spectrometry, mass spectrometry, electrochemical methods, spectrophotometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis, and X-ray fluorescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050722
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single cell green algae reference materials with managed levels of heavy metals (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 429-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three batches of single cell green algal biomass have been produced as model substances for green biomass reference materials with the aim of arriving at three different concentration levels for selected heavy metals in the same matrix. The green algal biomass is produced in a water based culture medium in open and closed bioreactors. An outdoor open bioreactor technology was used to produce a batch of “natural level” algae as well as a batch with elevated levels of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb. A photoreactor constructed without metal parts and employing artificial light sources was used in a clean air environment with high purity chemicals to reduce heavy metal concentrations in the third batch of algal biomass. For the above elements, the depleted level material, with exception of Hg, showed about one order of magnitude lower concentration than the natural level, while concentrations in the enriched material were up to four orders of magnitude higher. Analysts can use these materials to sustain verification of calibration and analytical quality over the entire operational range of the analytical work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050729
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feasibility of using INAA for biomonitoring of heavy metals and other elements in human ectoderm derivatives (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 212 (1996), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract For systematic checking of the feasibility of determining elements by INAA in scalp hair, pubic hair and toenails, three different regimes were employed by varying the activation time and cooling time prior to γ-ray spectrometric measurements. The combination of these three regimes (activation time 1 min, cooling time 10 min; activation time 5 h, cooling time 5 d; activation time 5 h, cooling time 30 d) made it possible to determine the following 20 elements in most samples: Al, As, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, La, Mn, Na, S, Sb, Se, Zn. Further 10 elements (Ba, Cd, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sc, Sm, Th, V, W) were detectable only in some samples, however, with a fairly good precision, so that they could be detected in this way in the case of elevated concentrations exceeding physiological limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02162520
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the sodium-to-calcium ratio in femora of normal and diabetic rats by INAA (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 199 (1995), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The Na-to-Ca ratio has been determined in femora of normal rats, untreated diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with ascorbic acid. The determination was based on short-term activation and counting of the24Na and49Ca activities in the relevant photopeaks. The Na-to-Ca ratios were significantly increased in both treated and untreated diabetic animals as compared to intact controls due to increased Na contents in the diabetic rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164634
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium-to-calcium ratio in sections of undecalcified bone of human male individuals of different age categories as determined by INAA (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 200 (1995), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The sodium-to-calcium ratios were determined by INAA in sections of human bone. The values found in three age groups of male individuals were as follows: 21–30 years: Na/Ca ratio of 0.01858, 41–50 years: Na/Ca ratio of 0.02117, 〉60 years: Na/Ca ratio of 0.002208. The differences are discussed considering former results of the authors concerning the Na−to−Ca ratio in the bone mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164082
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium losses on wet and dry ashing of plant materials (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 193 (1995), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Cadmium losses on wet and dry ashing were studied using tomato leaves with metabolized109Cd radiotracer. The most appreciable Cd losses (up to 35%) occured when sulphuric acid was used on wet ashing due to Cd retention in the CaSO4 precipitate formed. Only trace amounts of Cd were retained in a silicaceous precipitate resulting from wet ashing in the absence of sulphuric and hydrofluoric acids in the decomposition mixtures employed. Small Cd losses (up to 7%) were observed on dry ashing in the air in open systems at temperatures not exceeding 500°C. Cd losses increased, however, to 30% when the final ashing temperature was raised to 900°C. Incorporation of the109Cd radiotracer into various parts of tomato plants and its distribution between soil and the plants are also briefly reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041914
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