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  • 1
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    A Helium GC/IMS for the Analysis of Extraterrestrial Volatiles in Exobiology Flight Experiments (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: For exobiology experiments on board spacecraft or space probes, a wide range of chemical species often must be detected and identified. The limited amount of power and space available for flight instruments severely limits the number of instruments that can be flown on any given mission. It is important then, that these experiments utilize instrumentation with universal response, so that all species of interest can be analyzed. Instrumentation to fulfill the analytical requirements of exobiology experiments has been developed utilizing Gas Chromatography - Ion Mobility Spectrometry. The Gas Chromatograph (GC) combines columns developed specifically for the complex mixtures anticipated with highly sensitive Metastable Ionization Detectors (a type of Helium Ionization Detector). To satisfy the limitations placed on resources, the Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS) uses the same ultra high purity helium as the GC. This GC-MS provides the analytical capability to fulfill a wide range of exobiology flight experiment applications and has been included on a proposed Discovery Mission and proposals for both Lander and Orbiter of the European Space Agency's Rosetta Comet Mission. A data base of helium IMS spectra is now being built for these future applications.
    Keywords: Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
    Type: Fourth International Workshop on Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Proceedings of an International Speciality Workshop
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The mini-CIDEX GC/IMS: Analysis of cometary ice and dust (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Comets are recognized as among the most scientifically important objects in the solar system. They are presumed relics of the early primitive material in the solar nebula and are believed to have provided a general enrichment of volatiles to the inner solar system. The Cometary Coma Chemical Composition (C4) Mission, a proposed Discovery-Class Mission, will analyze materials released into the coma, providing information leading to the understanding of the chemical composition and make-up of the cometary nucleus. As one of two scientific instruments in the C4 spacecraft, an advanced and streamlined version of the Cometary Ice and Dust Experiment (CIDEX), a mini-CIDEX, will employ an X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer to determine bulk elemental composition of cometary dust grains and a Gas Chromatograph/Ion Mobility Spectrometer (GC/IMS) for determination of the molecular composition of dust and ices following stepwise pyrolysis and combustion. A description of the mini-CIDEX IMS will be provided as well as data from analyses conducted using the mini-CIDEX breadboard instrument.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center, Third International Workshop on Ion Mobility Spectrometry; p 57-65
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Gas Chromatographic Detectors for Exobiology Flight Experiments (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Exobiology flight experiments require highly sensitive instrumentation for in situ chemical analysis of the volatile chemical species that occur in the atmospheres and surfaces of various bodies within the solar system. The complex mixtures encountered place a heavy burden on the analytical instrumentation to detect and identify all species present. Future missions to Mars', comets, or planetary moons such as Europa, will perform experiments with complex analyses. In addition, instrumentation for such missions must perform under severely restricted conditions with limited resources. To meet these analytical requirements, improved methods and highly sensitive yet smaller instruments must continually be developed with increasingly greater capabilities. We describe here efforts to achieve this objective, for past and future missions, through the development of new or the improvement of existing sensitive, miniaturized gas chromatographic detectors.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: American Chemical Society; Sep 07, 1997 - Sep 11, 1997; Las Vegas, NV; United States
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Sample Acquisition Techniques for Exobiology Flight Experiments (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Exobiology Flight Experiments involve complex analyses conducted in environments far different than those encountered in terrestrial applications. A major part of the analytical challenge is often the selection, acquisition, delivery and, in some cases, processing of a sample suitable for the analytical requirements of the mission. The added complications of severely limited resources and sometimes rigid time constraints combine to make sample acquisition potentially a major obstacle for successful analyses. Potential samples come in a wide range including planetary atmospheric gas and aerosols (from a wide variety of pressures), planetary soil or rocks, dust and ice particles streaming off of a comet, and cemetery surface ice and rocks. Methods to collect and process sample are often mission specific, requiring continual development of innovative concepts and mechanisms. These methods must also maintain the integrity of the sample for the experimental results to be meaningful. We present here sample acquisition systems employed from past missions and proposed for future missions.
    Keywords: Astronautics (General)
    Type: American Chemistry Society; Aug 22, 1999 - Aug 27, 1999; Unknown
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Development of Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Exobiology Flight Experiments (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) can provide gas chromatography with sample identification independent of sample retention time, with minimal interface. Initial commercial methods of IMS however, did not possess sufficient analytical capabilities and presented operational parameters which were unsuitable for exobiology missions. Subsequent development of IMS technology, with the focus on exobiology analytical requirements and mission imposed operational limitations, has produced an IMS interfaced with a GC capable of fulfilling the analytical requirements of several exobiology missions. Future exobiology missions will require further development of the IMS, particularly in the areas of overall instrument miniaturization and complex sample identification. The evolution of the exobiology focused IMS will be presented up to the current prototype design, which is a component of several proposed exobiology instruments. Areas of future development will also be discussed.
    Keywords: Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry
    Type: Fifth International Workshop on Ion Mobility Spectroscopy; Aug 19, 1996 - Aug 22, 1996; Jackson Hole, WY; United States
    Format: text
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