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Differential Distribution of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Variants in the Brain of Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Mammalia, Rodentia) (1999)

Montaner, Alejandro D. ; Affanni, Jorge M. ; King, Judy A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cellular and molecular neurobiology 19 (1999), S. 635-651

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ISSN: 1573-6830

Keywords: gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; HPLC ; radioimmunoassay ; mammalian ; capybara

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract 1.In a previous paper we reported evidence for the presence of mGnRH- and sGnRH-like peptides in the preoptic–hypothalamic region of the capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Montaner et al., 1998). In that study, the presence of a cGnRH-II like molecule in olfactory bulb extracts was suggested. 2.The capybara, the largest living rodent in the world, belongs to the order Hystricomorpha, which is considered to be one of the oldest groups of rodents. Some authors consider that this group is the ancestor of all remaining rodents. 3.In this study we have characterized GnRH molecular variants found in extracts from the olfactory bulbs and the mesencephalic region of capybara. These regions represent the two GnRH neuronal systems: the terminal nerve–septopreoptic and the midbrain systems. 4.An indirect method combining reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to characterize GnRH variants. The analysis of both extracts with two different RIA systems revealed three immunoreactive GnRH peaks, coeluting with mGnRH, cIIGnRH, and sGnRH synthetic standards. These results were additionally supported by serial dilution studies with specific antisera. 5.To our knowledge this the first report on the presence of three GnRH variants in the brain of an eutherian mammal. These results suggest that, similarly to other vertebrates, the expression of multiple GnRH variants may also be a common pattern in mammals.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006936619129

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Evolutionary aspects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor (1995)

King, Judy A. ; Millar, Robert P.

Springer

Cellular and molecular neurobiology 15 (1995), S. 5-23

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ISSN: 1573-6830

Keywords: evolution ; reproduction ; gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) structure ; GnRH function ; GnRH receptor structure ; GnRH receptor function

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary 1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was originally isolated as a hypothalamic peptide hormone that regulates the reproductive system by stimulating the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. However, during evolution the peptide was subject to gene duplication and structural changes, and multiple molecular forms have evolved. 2. Eight variants of GnRH are known, and at least two different forms are expressed in species from all vertebrate classes: chicken GnRH II and a second, unique, GnRH isoform. 3. The peptide has been recruited during evolution for diverse regulatory functions: as a neurotransmitter in the central and sympathetic nervous systems, as a paracrine regulator in the gonads and placenta, and as an autocrine regulator in tumor cells. 4. Evidence suggests that in most species the early-evolved and highly conserved chicken GnRH II has a neurotransmitter function, while the second form, which varies across classes, has a physiologic role in regulating gonadotropin release. 5. We review here evolutionary aspects of the family of GnRH peptides and their receptors.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069556

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