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  • 1
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    Kinetics of response in lymphoid tissues to antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infection (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-09
    Description: In lymphoid tissue, where human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) is produced and stored, three-drug treatment with viral protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors markedly reduced viral burden. This was shown by in situ hybridization and computerized quantitative analysis of serial tonsil biopsies from previously untreated adults. The frequency of productive mononuclear cells (MNCs) initially diminished with a half-life of about 1 day. Surprisingly, the amount of HIV-1 RNA in virus trapped on follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) decreased almost as quickly. After 24 weeks, MNCs with very few copies of HIV-1 RNA per cell were still detectable, as was proviral DNA; however, the amount of FDC-associated virus decreased by 〉/=3.4 log units. Thus, 6 months of potent therapy controlled active replication and cleared 〉99.9 percent of virus from the secondary lymphoid tissue reservoir.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cavert, W -- Notermans, D W -- Staskus, K -- Wietgrefe, S W -- Zupancic, M -- Gebhard, K -- Henry, K -- Zhang, Z Q -- Mills, R -- McDade, H -- Schuwirth, C M -- Goudsmit, J -- Danner, S A -- Haase, A T -- AI 25017/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 28246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 9;276(5314):960-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9139661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/*virology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/virology ; HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; HIV-1/*drug effects/isolation & purification/physiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; In Situ Hybridization ; Kinetics ; Lamivudine/therapeutic use ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology/*virology ; Macrophages/virology ; Palatine Tonsil/*virology ; Proviruses/genetics ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Genetic evaluation of suspected cases of transient HIV-1 infection of infants (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on only one or a few occasions in infants born to infected mothers has been interpreted to indicate that infection may be transient rather than persistent. Forty-two cases of suspected transient HIV-1 viremia among 1562 perinatally exposed seroreverting infants and one mother were reanalyzed. HIV-1 env sequences were not found in specimens from 20; in specimens from 6, somatic genetic analysis revealed that specimens were mistakenly attributed to an infant; and in specimens from 17, phylogenetic analysis failed to demonstrate the expected linkage between the infant's and the mother's virus. These findings argue that transient HIV-1 infection, if it exists, will only rarely be satisfactorily documented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frenkel, L M -- Mullins, J I -- Learn, G H -- Manns-Arcuino, L -- Herring, B L -- Kalish, M L -- Steketee, R W -- Thea, D M -- Nichols, J E -- Liu, S L -- Harmache, A -- He, X -- Muthui, D -- Madan, A -- Hood, L -- Haase, A T -- Zupancic, M -- Staskus, K -- Wolinsky, S -- Krogstad, P -- Zhao, J -- Chen, I -- Koup, R -- Ho, D -- Korber, B -- Apple, R J -- Coombs, R W -- Pahwa, S -- Roberts, N J Jr -- AI27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI32910/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1-27658/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1073-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. lfrenkel@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; Diagnostic Errors ; Equipment Contamination ; Female ; Genes, env ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; HIV-1/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; *Specimen Handling ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Viremia/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Quantitative image analysis of HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-08
    Description: Tracking human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection at the cellular level in tissue reservoirs provides opportunities to better understand the pathogenesis of infection and to rationally design and monitor therapy. A quantitative technique was developed to determine viral burden in two important cellular compartments in lymphoid tissues. Image analysis and in situ hybridization were combined to show that in the presymptomatic stages of infection there is a large, relatively stable pool of virions on the surfaces of follicular dendritic cells and a smaller pool of productively infected cells. Despite evidence of constraints on HIV-1 replication in the infected cell population in lymphoid tissues, estimates of the numbers of these cells and the virus they could produce are consistent with the quantities of virus that have been detected in the bloodstream. The cellular sources of virus production and storage in lymphoid tissues can now be studied with this approach over the course of infection and treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haase, A T -- Henry, K -- Zupancic, M -- Sedgewick, G -- Faust, R A -- Melroe, H -- Cavert, W -- Gebhard, K -- Staskus, K -- Zhang, Z Q -- Dailey, P J -- Balfour, H H Jr -- Erice, A -- Perelson, A S -- AI 27661/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 28246/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR 06555/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 8;274(5289):985-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8875941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Autoradiography ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Dendritic Cells/*virology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*virology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; In Situ Hybridization ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*virology ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; Lymphoid Tissue/*virology ; Palatine Tonsil/virology ; RNA Probes ; RNA, Viral/analysis/blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen/virology ; *Viral Load
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Sexual Transmission and Propagation of SIV and HIV in Resting and Activated CD4 + T Cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-12
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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