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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LIGA technology in BSRF (1996)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 2 (1996), S. 126-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a partly dedicated Synchrotron Radiation Source which is operated since the end of 1990. Some main specifications of the source are briefly illustrated. Beam line 3B1 is a soft X-ray beam line extracted from bending magnet exploited for lithography. In the end of 3B1 there is a simple exposure chamber, LIGA patterns were exposured in the chamber. The LIGA technologies in BSRF are in the basic research stage, only a few of demonstrated patterns of deep etching structure were obtained. A sample of electroplating apparatus has been set up for getting metal structure. Further plan of the next phase of LIGA technology are presented. A new exposure scanner is being designed and would be set up on the another beam line 4W1 which is extracted from wiggle source with critical wavelength 2.2 A which seems quite suitable for deep etching exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050028
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNAPL Flow Behavior in a Contaminated Aquifer: Evaluation of Field Data (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A pool of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPI.) containing TCE and other chlorinated solvents has been removed from the subsurface at Hill Air Force Base, Uthah. as part of an interim remedial action. The removal of the DNAPI. pool means that future off-site migration of dissolved contaminants in the ground water is minimized, and costs for final remedial actions are reduced. A pump-and-treat system recovered more than 23.000) gallons of DNAPI. and one million gallons of contaminated ground water from the aquifer. The efficiency of this remedial action was evaluated on the basis of extensive field and laboratory data. The behavior of DNAPI. flow in the aquifer sands was characterized by collecting core samples from two borings in the DNAPL pool and measuring relative permeabilities and DMAPI. saturation. Core Hooding results show that approximately one-third of the DNAPI. originally in the pool is not recovered by water displacement, but remains as a residual saturation held in place by capillary pressure. However, subsequent Hooding with two pore volumes of surfactant solution reduced the residual DNAPI. saturation in the sand by one order of magnitude. Analytical and numerical models for the DNAPI flow behavior at the site were developed. This is the first time that such models have been developed and applied to an actual DNAPI. pumping lest conducted in the field. Because measured permeabilities and residual saturations were used lo calibrate the models. the model predictions could be used lo provide valuable insights into the controlling mechanisms for DNAPL recovery. The data collection and modeling procedures outlined in this paper can be used lo enhance the efficiency and minimize the cost 10 clean up this and other DNAPI.-contaminated sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1995.tb00560.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity Models and Design Protocol for Partitioning Tracer Tests in Alluvial Aquifers (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Zones of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are difficult to characterize as to their volume, composition, and spatial distribution using conventional ground-water extraction and soil-sampling methods. Such incompletely characterized sites have negative consequences for those responsible for their remedial design, e.g., the uncertainties in the optimal placement of ground-water extraction wells and in the duration of remediation. However, the recent use of the partitioning interwell tracer test (PITT) to characterize DNAPL zones at sites in New Mexico [unsaturated alluvium] and in Ohio, Texas, and Utah [saturated alluvium] demonstrates that the volume and spatial distribution of residual DNAPL can be determined with accuracy. The PITT involves injection of a suite of tracers which reversibly partition to different degrees between the DNAPL and the ground water or soil air resulting in the chromatographic separation of the tracer signals observed at the extraction well(s). The design of a PITT requires careful consideration of the hydrostratigraphic, hydraulic, and certain geochemical properties of the alluvium being tested. A three-dimensional, numerical model of a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer containing DNAPL has been developed for use with the UTCHEM simulator to demonstrate partitioning tracer testing and to address questions that are frequently raised in its application. The simulations include (1) the estimation of DNAPL volume for the simple case where only residual DNAPL is present in heterogeneous alluvium, (2) sensitivity studies to demonstrate the effect of increasingly low residual DNAPL saturation on the tracer signal, and (3) the effect of free-phase DNAPL on the estimation of the volume of DNAPL present. Furthermore, the potential interference of sedimentary organic carbon as a DNAPL surrogate on the tracer signal is considered and shown to be readily resolved by the careful choice of tracers. Finally, a protocol for the use of PITTs in alluvial aquifers is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00168.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a TCE DNAPL Zone in Alluvium by Partitioning Tracers (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITT) were used ID determine the spatial distribution and volume of residual trichloroethene (TCE) present in alluvium beneath the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plain in southern Ohio. Its first use at this site was in support of the design of a surfactant flood to remove the residual DNAPL (dense nonaqueous phase liquids) from the alluvial aquifer. The second application assessed the performance of the surfactant flood. The average DNAPL saturation in the first PITT was 0.1 to 0.2% in a swept pore volume of 4500 gallons (17.000 L). A second PITT was undertaken following the surfactant flood and yielded an average residual saturation of 0.06% in a swept pore volume of 3400 gallons (13.000 L), the reduction in pore volume being due to the confinement of the tracers to the lower sand and gravel unit of the alluvium. The design, operation, and analysis of the two PM Is provided strong evidence of a buried channel that controls the spatial distribution of the residual TCI: DNAPL in the basal sand and gravel aquifer and must be considered in the eventual full remediation of this aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00190.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fabrication of LIGA mask using photolithography and synchrotron radiation lithography (1996)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 3 (1996), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The fabrication of LIGA mask is a very important step in LIGA process. Usually an intermediate mask with gold absorber pattern of 2 μm thickness is fabricated firstly using gold electroplating for absorber pattern in the resist structure written by Electron Beam (e-Beam), then the LIGA mask can be copied from the intermediate mask using synchrotron radiation lithography and gold electroplating. Recently, we use photolithography (instead of e-beam) to make the primary structure, and produce the intermediate mask with gold absorber pattern of 1.5 μm thickness produced by etching gold film with 1.5 μm thickness under the photoresist structure using Ar+. The LIGA mask with absorber pattern of 13 μm thickness is copied from the intermediate mask using synchrotron radiation lithography and gold electroplating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050046
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical properties of undoped and Co-doped BiSl single crystals (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1995), S. 102-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456560
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swelling of and solute exclusion by poly(N-alkylacrylamide) gels (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Temperature-sensitive hydrogels of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide), poly(N-N-propylacrylamide), copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and methylacrylamide, and copolymer of N,N-diethylacrylamide and N-tert-butylacrylamide were prepared. The swelling characteristics of the gels were studied and gel extraction of macromolecules, based on the solute exclusion by the gel network, were investigated. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560220
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myc-mediated transactivation of HSP70 expression following exposure to magnetic fields (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: magnetic fields ; HSP70 gene expression ; human HSP70 promoter ; c-myc protein binding sites ; cellular stress ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated c-myc protein-binding sites on the HSP70 promoter as modulators of the induction of HSP70 gene expression in response to magnetic field stimulation (8μT at 60Hz) and whether the presence of c-myc protein potentiates transactivation of HSP70 expression. A 320 base pair region in the HSP70 promoter (+1 to -320) was analyzed. This region contains two c-myc-protein binding sites with consensus sequences located at -230 and -160 nucleotide positions (relative to the transcription initiation site) and overlapping with the region reported for the regulation of HSP70 gene expression by c-myc protein. This promoter region is upstream of other regulatory sequences, including the heat shock element (HSE), AP-2, and serum response element (SRE). Transfectants containing both c-myc protein-binding sites, HSP-MYC A and HSP-MYC B, and exposed to magnetic fields showed a 3.0-fold increase in expression of CAT activity as compared with sham-exposed control transfectants. Transfectants containing one c-myc binding site, HSP-MYC A, and exposed to magnetic fields showed a 2.3-fold increase in CAT expression. Transfectants in which both HSP-MYC A and HSP-MYC B binding sites were deleted showed no magnetic field sensitivity; values were virtually identical with sham-exposed controls. If the c-myc expression vector was not co-transfected with the constructs containing myc-binding sites, there was no difference in the expression of CAT activity between magnetically stimulated and sham-exposed controls, although both responded to heat shock. These data suggest that endogenous elevated levels of myc protein contribute to the induction of HSP70 in response to magnetic field stimulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:181-188, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
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    Sensitivity Models and Design Protocol for Partitioning Tracer Tests in Alluvial Aquifers (1997)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0017-467X
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-6584
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Theory of epitaxy at finite temperatures: An application to orientational phase transformations on reconstructedAu(001)surfaces (1998)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-15
    Print ISSN: 0163-1829
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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