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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern vision of the honeybee (Apis mellifera): the effect of pattern on the discrimination of location (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Pattern vision ; Honeybee ; Discrimination of location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates how the pattern influences the discrimination of different locations of two or more areas of black, white or colour. The coloured patterns were made from two calibrated coloured papers that give contrast only to green receptors, or alternatively only to blue receptors. The patterns are fixed during training. It is found that the discrimination of translocation of two areas of colour involves green receptors and also blue receptors, and the resolution depends strongly on the pattern. Patterns that offer horizontal strips and up-down differences in locations are well resolved, even with no green contrast. Resolution of left-right reversal is greatly improved when the patterns promote fixation in the horizontal plane, as if green contrast is essential to stabilize the eye in yaw. The addition of radial bars with green contrast, a central black spot or a black surround, is particularly effective. The additions promote fixation, and would aid the detection of natural symmetrical objects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050370
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern discrimination by the honeybee: disruption as a cue (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Vision ; Spatial frequency ; Honeybees ; Apis mellifera ; Pattern discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The discrimination of pattern disruption in freely flying honeybees (Apis mellifera) was examined. Bees were trained to discriminate at a fixed distance between a regularly repeated black/white pattern and the same pattern at a different magnification in targets of the same angular size. The locations of areas of black were regularly shuffled to make them useless as cues. The results of the experiments indicate that the bees discriminate the disruption of the pattern as a whole, irrespective of the actual pattern. Bees trained to prefer a larger period transfer to an even larger period, when given a forced choice with a pair of patterns of differing disruption from those they were trained on, as if their spontaneous preference has not been overcome. Bees trained to prefer a smaller period, however, prefer the former negative pattern rather than transfer to an even smaller period. These results show that the bees do not rely solely on learning the absolute period of a pattern nor the relative disruption of two patterns, and they are confused when these two cues conflict in tests with unfamiliar targets. Bees can discriminate between fields of view that differ in average disruption as a generalized cue, irrespective of pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern discrimination by the honeybee (Apis mellifera ) is colour blind for radial / tangential cues (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 184 (1999), S. 413-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Honeybee vision ; Radial/tangential cues ; Colour-blind ; Apis mellifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bees were trained to discriminate between two patterns, one of which was associated with a reward, in a Y-choice apparatus with the targets presented vertically at a distance at an angular subtense of 50°. Previous work with this apparatus has found discrimination between two patterns of coloured gratings or radial sectors that are fixed in different orientations during the training. When there was contrast to the blue receptors alone, gratings of period 6° were resolved, and 4° when there was contrast to the green receptors. In the present work, bees discriminate between a pattern containing tangentially arranged edges and one containing radially arranged edges, both with no average edge orientation. The targets were rotated every 5 min to make the locations of areas useless as cues. The edges remained consistently radial or tangential and were therefore the only cues. Tests with patterns of selected colours and various levels of grey show that for each colour there is a level of grey at which discrimination fails. Discrimination is therefore colour-blind. The same patterns were made with combinations of coloured papers that give no contrast to the green receptors or alternatively to the blue receptors. The bees discriminate only if the edges between colours present a contrast to the green receptors. The system that discriminates generalized radial and tangential cues is therefore colour blind because the inputs are restricted to the green receptors, not because receptor outputs are added together. The same result was obtained with a very coarse pattern of period 20°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050340
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