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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus is correlated with virulence (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Take all ; Manganese oxidation ; Virulence ; Wheat ; Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two successive experiments described here show that the Mn-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is positively correlated with the isolate virulence. Isolates of G. graminis var. tritici were screened for virulence on wheat in soil culture pot tests and visually scored for Mn-oxidizing capacity on agar plates. A comparison between experiments showed that the Mn-oxidizing abilility of an isolate may be attenuated, as is virulence, with subculturing. Using a solution culture system, we calculated the rate of oxidation of Mn2+ by a virulent isolate, Ggt 500, as 4 nmol g–1 (dry weight hyphae) h–1. The significance of these results to the epidemiology of the take-all disease of wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00382524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manipulation of xylem transport affects Zn and Mn transport into developing wheat grains of cultured ears (1996)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 98 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zinc and manganese loading into developing wheat grain is little understood at present. The objective of this work was to investigate factors that may affect the rate of transport of Zn and Mn into developing wheat grain of cultured ears. Ears 18-22 days post-anthesis were cultured in solutions containing labelled Zn and Mn. The effect of additions of Cu, Fe, citrate, malate and EDTA to the culture solution was observed. The effect of humidity and awn removal as well as the sucrose status of the ears on Zn and Mn transport was also investigated. The effect of high concentration of Zn and Mn on [14C]-sucrose transport was determined. High humidity almost completely blocked transport of Zn and Mn into the grain. Awn removal reduced the transport of Zn and Mn to the lemma but not the grain. When the ears were depleted of sucrose (by maintaining them in the dark prior to labelling) transport of Zn and Mn to the grain was reduced compared to ears cultured with sucrose. The presence of Cu reduced the loading of Zn into the grain. There was little effect of Cu on Mn transport or Fe on either Zn or Mn transport. High concentrations of Zn and Mn in the culture solution did not affect [14C]-sucrose loading into the grain but loading of Zn and Mn was limited at high concentrations suggesting membrane saturation. This study demonstrates that sucrose status and humidity clearly influence the transport of Zn and Mn into the grain, and that other ions may influence Zn and Mn transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.980202.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of zinc and manganese to developing wheat grains (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 95 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An understanding of the transport pathway used by Zn and Mn to enter developing grains may allow measures to increase the Zn and Mn content of wheat grain grown on Zn/Mn deficient soils. For this reason, transport of Zn and Mn into developing grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Aroona) was investigated. Detached ears (18–22 days post-anthesis) were cultured for 48 h in a solution containing 185 kBq of 65Zn and 185 kBq of 54Mn. Transport of 65Zn to the grain was unaffected by removal of glumes but was slightly reduced after the lemma was removed. Heat girdling the peduncle slightly reduced the amount of 65Zn transported to the grain, whilst heat girdling the rachilla reduced transport of 65Zn to the grain to a greater degree, suggesting phloem transport to the rachilla. The transport inhibitor CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone) blocked 65Zn transport to grain but not to lemma and glumes. Removing glumes and lemma and heat girdling the peduncle did not affect transport of 54Mn, but transport was slightly affected by heat girdling the rachilla, indicating xylem transport. CCCP blocked transport of 54Mn into the grain but not to lemma and glumes. It was concluded that xylem-to-phloem transfer of Zn occurs in the rachis and to a lesser extent in peduncle and lemma. The results suggest that the lemma may be an important site for phloem loading when the concentration of Zn within the xylem is high. The data also suggest that Mn was predominantly translocated to the spikelets in the xylem, but that transport to the grain was dependent upon membrane transport before entering the grain. Phloem loading of Mn into the grain vascular system may have occurred at the site of xylem discontinuity in the floral axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb00862.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential transport of Zn, Me and sucrose along the longitudinal axis of developing wheat grains (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 97 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The hypothesis that Zn and Mn are transported within the grain in a similar manner to sucrose was investigated in the developing wheat grain. Detached ears were cultured in solution containing 65Zn, 54Mn and [14C]-sucrose for 10 to 120 min at 18–22 days post-anthesis. At different times the grain was cut transversely into 1-mm sections and the radioactivity in each section determined The embryo region was damaged in some grains to investigate the effect of reduced accumulation rate on the transport of 65Za, 54Mn and [14C]-sucrose to the embryo. The distribution of 65Zn. 54Mn and [14C]-sucrose between the endosperm cavity sap. endosperm, embryo and pericarp in grains labelled for 2.5 and 6 h at 18–22 days post-anthesis was also determined. [14C]-su-crose was initially high in the first, embryo-containing section of the grain but decreased progressively to the distal end of the grain. The amount of 65Zn along the longitudinal axis of the grain was distributed evenly in each 1-mm section, whilst 54Mn accumulated exponentially in the first proximal 1-mm section of the grain and was distributed evenly in the remaining sections. Damaging the embryo had no effect on 65Zn and 54Mn transport to the section containing the embryo. The pericarp contained almost all of the grain 65Za and 54Mn, with small amounts found in the embryo, endosperm and endosperm cavity sap. Increasing amounts of [14C]-sucrose were found in the endosperm as time progressed. The rate of accumulation of 65Zn, 54Mn and [14C]-sucrose was much higher in the embiyo than the endosperm: the difference between the embryo and endosperm was especially large for 65Zn and 54Mn. It is suggested that 65Zn and 54Mn are not transported within the grain in the same way as [14C]-sucrose. [14C]-sucrose moves laterally out of the vascular system of the crease into the endosperm cavity and is subsequently taken up and stored in the endosperm. In contrast, 65Zn and 54Mn appear to be retained within the vascular system of the crease and may be transported more slowly to grain parts such as the embryo and pericarp tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.970217.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus is correlated with virulence (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Take all ; Manganese oxidation ; Virulence ; Wheat ; Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ; Epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two successive experiments described here show that the Mn-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is positively correlated with the isolate virulence. Isolates of G. graminis var. tritici were screened for virulence on wheat in soil culture pot tests and visually scored for Mn-oxidizing capacity on agar plates. A comparison between experiments showed that the Mn-oxidizing ability of an isolate may be attenuated, as is virulence, with subculturing. Using a solution culture system, we calculated the rate of oxidation of Mn2+ by a virulent isolate, Ggt 500, as 4 nmol g-1 (dry weight hyphae) h-1. The significance of these results to the epidemiology of the take-all disease of wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00382524
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
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    Manganese-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus is correlated with virulence (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Manganese-oxidizing ability of isolates of the take-all fungus is correlated with virulence (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    PAPER CURRENT
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