ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Acute safety of the CFC-free propellant HFA-134a from a pressurized metered dose inhaler (1995)

Donnell, D. ; Ward, S. ; Harrison, L. I. ; [et al.]

Springer

European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 473-477

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ISSN: 1432-1041

Keywords: CFC-free propellant ; HFA-134a ; Salbutamol ; safety ; tolerability

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract The acute safety of the alternative chlorofluorocarbon-free (CFC-free) propellant HFA-134a from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI) was assessed in 12 healthy male subjects according to a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. On each of three consecutive days, cumulative doses of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 inhalations were administered 30 min apart from one of three MDIs. The three MDIs contained either the HFA-134a CFC-free system without drug (HFA-Placebo), the CFC-free system with salbutamol sulphate (HFA-Salbutamol), or a conventional CFC propellant mixture without drug (CFC-Placebo). Pulmonary function (FEV1, FEF25–75%), cardiovascular performance (heart rate and blood pressure), objective tremor measurements and serum potassium were measured after each incremental dose. Similar responses for pulmonary function, cardiovascular performance, tremor and serum potassium were observed between the HFA-Placebo and CFC-Placebo groups. No statistically significant difference was seen in change from baseline of any parameter between the two propellant systems. The administration of HFA-Salbutamol produced statistically significant dose-related increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure and tremor and a significant dose-related decrease in serum potassium; these responses were expected based on cumulative doses of active drug. Blood samples for HFA-134a analysis were collected to measure systemic absorption of this propellant. Levels of HFA-134a between 200 and 700 ng · ml−1 were detected in all subjects given the CFC-free system. This study shows that acute inhalation of HFA-134a in a CFC-free system is as safe as a CFC propellant system. Salbutamol sulphate in the CFC-free system can be delivered in a dose-linear fashion, without any noticeable change in the safety profile of active drug.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194337

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2

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Headquarter Services and Revealed Factor Abundance (1998)

Ekholm, Karolina

Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd

Review of international economics 6 (1998), S. 0

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ISSN: 1467-9396

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: This paper analyzes how usual measures of revealed factor abundance (RFA), based on trade in merchandise, are affected by the existence of trade in services of intangible assets; trade that is mainly associated with multinational firms. It presents empirical estimates of both usual measures of RFA and new measures that take account of trade in headquarter services for the United States, a country that has a substantial surplus in the recorded components of such trade. It is found that the usual measures underestimate the abundance of highly skilled labor and technological knowledge, and overestimate the abundance of physical capital.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00124

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3

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Biocompatibility of solid poly (ortho ester) (1997)

EKHOLM, M ; SALO, A ; SYRJANEN, S ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 265-269

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ISSN: 1573-4838

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Technology

Notes: Abstract In previous studies poly (ortho ester) (POE) has shown promise as a resorbable device, a hemostatic sealant and as a carrier for drugs in bone surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue reactions of solid poly (ortho ester) implanted into both tibiae of 17 rabbits. One half of the rods were sterilized by gamma radiation and the other half by ethylene oxide. The follow-up times were from 1 week to 21 weeks, after which the animals were killed and the bony specimens examined histologically. The connective tissue samples were examined immunohistochemically in order to study the occurrences of two extracellular matrix glycoproteins, tenascin and fibronectin. The results showed that solid poly (ortho ester)s induce a moderate inflammatory reaction for 9 weeks. Tenascin and fibronectin were present in samples from 1 week up to 4 weeks. It was also found that gamma sterilized POE was resorbed at week 7 and ethylene oxide sterilized POE at week 13.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018552010027

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4

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Mixture of ε-caprolactone-lactide copolymer and tricalcium phosphate: a histological and immunohistochemical study of tissue reactions (1999)

EKHOLM, M. ; HIETANEN, J. ; LINDQVIST, C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 69-74

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ISSN: 1573-4838

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine , Technology

Notes: Abstract In cranio-maxillofacial surgery, bone transplantation is needed for treatment of bony defects. An autograft, allograft or biomaterial can be used. Autogenous bone grafts are considered to be the best materials available, but there are some disadvantages in their use including donorsite morbidity, need for a second operative site and limited graft supply. A search for new bone-graft materials therefore remains necessary. We prepared a mixture of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), which is a resorbable, non-toxic, osteoconductive ceramic material and ε-caprolactone-lactide copolymer P(ε-CL/DL-LA), a resorbable polymer, and placed it in the dermis and in mandibular bone defects in 13 rabbits. Follow-up times were two, three, seven, eight, 12, 15 and 18 weeks, tissue reactions were assessed, histologically and immunohistochemically. Times of resorption of the material from tissues were reported. We found that the mixture caused a mild inflammatory reaction when placed in bone and severe inflammation when placed in dermis. No highly fluorescent layer of tenascin or fibronectin was found surrounding the implant area. The mixture was excellent to handle and very easy to place into bone defects. The results are promising and have led us to continue development of the mixture. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008912802263

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5

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Internal and external loading as regulators of nutrient concentrations in the agriculturally loaded Lake Pyhäjärvi (southwest Finland) (1997)

Ekholm, Petri ; Malve, Olli ; Kirkkala, Teija

Springer

Hydrobiologia 345 (1997), S. 3-14

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: eutrophication ; phosphorus ; bioavailability ; nutrient balance ; agriculture ; models

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract This study assesses the effects of external and internalloading on the nutrient concentrations in an agriculturallyloaded shallow lake. Using 13 years of observations of thelake's input and outflow, we calculated the long-term balancesof Tot-P and Tot-N. A more detailed balance, which includeddissolved nutrients and suspended solids, was estimated for anice-free period of one year. The contribution of the externalload was assessed using a mass-balance model. The internalload was estimated from the nutrient balances and on the basisof sedimentation measurements and bioassays. The drainagebasin of the lake provided most of the external nutrientinput; the remaining load was derived from atmosphericdeposition to the lake. The proportions of river-transported Pand N in dissolved form were 25% and 77%, respectively. Thelake retained 〉80% of the external load. Particulatenutrients settled to the bottom and were probably resuspendedseveral times before permanent sedimentation. Dissolvednutrients were bound by primary producers and a highproportion of dissolved P was removed with the fish catch.Dissolved N was also lost via denitrification. Themass-balance model showed that external loading only partlyregulated the mean annual nutrient concentrations in the lake.The regulation was probably due to internal loading, which washigh despite the efficient net retention of nutrients. Duringthe ice-free period, the temporal variations in nutrientconcentrations were controlled almost solely by internalprocesses, such as resuspension of inorganic and organicbottom matter. Although the internal load of bioavailable Pmay, under favourable conditions, exceed the external load,the mechanism by which bioavailable P is translocated from thebottom sediments to the water could not be fully identified. Abbreviations used in this paper follow the editor'srules.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002958727707

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6

Electronic Resource

Preparation of a novel HALS polypropylene stabilizer (1995)

Ekman, Kenneth ; Ekholm, Lars ; Näsman, Jan H.

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 2699-2703

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Keywords: radiation ; grafting ; HALS ; reactive processing ; m-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethyl benzyl isocyanate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: The radiation induced graft copolymerization of m-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethyl benzyl iso-cyanate (m-TMI) and styrene onto polypropylene was carried out. The extent of grafting increased with increasing amount of styrene and with increased radiation dose. A graft load of 180% was obtained by immersing a 50 kGy pre-irradiated film in a monomer solution containing 25 mol % m-TMI and 75 mol % styrene. The graft copolymer is suitable for covalently binding nonpolymerizable stabilizers with a suitable nucleophilic moiety. In this work the isocyanate moiety of the graft copolymer was allowed to react with 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine, a hindered amine light stabilizer. Fourier trans-formed infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of an urea moiety. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331603

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