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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue-specific requirements for a phosphorylation site in the Fushi tarazu homeodomain (1999)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 209 (1999), S. 427-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Drosophila ; Fushi tarazu ; Homeodomain ; Phosphorylation ; Neurogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The homeodomain protein Fushi tarazu (Ftz) is required for several embryonic patterning processes including segmentation and neurogenesis. During the stages that these processes are regulated the protein is differentially phosphorylated, suggesting that phosphorylation plays a role in helping the protein to regulate different functions in different tissues. We showed in a recent study that one of the Ftz phosphorylation sites, a protein kinase A-type site in the N-terminal arm of the homeodomain, is required for normal Ftz-dependent segmentation. Here we test whether phosphorylation of this site (Thr-263) is also required in the developing central nervous system (CNS). A well-established role for Ftz in the CNS is for the differentiation of neurons referred to as RP2 neurons. Absence of Ftz expression in these cells causes a failure of certain target genes to be expressed and subsequent defects in RP2 differentiation. In contrast to its effect on segmentation, we find that mutation of Thr-263 to Ala (or Asp) has no effect on these CNS functions. This suggests that the phosphorylation state of this site is irrelevant for Ftz function in the CNS, and that there are tissue-specific differences in the requirements for Ftz phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050273
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the scattering phenomena for various kinds of polarized light in a nonpolar binary liquid mixture (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 4409-4414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The explicit result for the Mueller matrix for the sum of single and double scatterings is obtained in a nonpolar binary liquid mixture composed of a chiral solute and an achiral solvent are obtained with the aid of the Ornstein–Zernike form for the correlation function of concentration fluctuations. The explicit result of the matrix shows that the law of reciprocity does not hold in the mixture. The scattering phenomena for six kinds of completely polarized light in a nonpolar binary liquid mixture are different from those in a pure chiral fluid because of the failure of the law and the large effect of concentration fluctuations. The scattering phenomena are in detail discussed in the region far from and near the critical point. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473487
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the scattering phenomena for various kinds of polarized light in a nonpolar fluid composed of chiral molecules (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 5341-5347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The explicit result of the coefficients of the Mueller matrices, which express the Stokes parameters of single and double scattered lights in term of the parameters of the corresponding incident light, are obtained for a nonpolar fluid composed of chiral molecules with the aid of the Ornstein–Zernike form for the correlation function of density fluctuations. The explicit results show that any higher order multiple scattering satisfies the principle of symmetry and law of reciprocity. From the matrices some scattering phenomena for six kinds of completely polarized light in a nonpolar achiral fluid are discussed in the cases of far from and near the critical point. While the degrees of circularity (DCs) give identical information with the circular intensity differences (CIDs) in the region far from the critical point, the critical DCs for circularly polarized lights is quite different from the critical CIDs. The theoretical result of DCs for the circularly polarized lights indicates that the DCs can be other effective experimental tools to measure the critical scattering of a fluid. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of instability and transport in sheared-slab plasmas with very weak magnetic shear (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 3334-3340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion temperature gradient (ITG or ηi) driven microinstabilities are studied, using kinetic theory, for tokamak plasmas with very weak (positive or negative) magnetic shear (VWS). The gradient of magnetic shear as well as the effects of parallel and perpendicular velocity shear (v(parallel)′ and vE′) are included in the defining equations. Two eigenmodes: the double (D) and the global (G) are found to coexist. Parametric dependence of these instabilities, and of the corresponding quasilinear transport is systematically analyzed. It is shown that, in VWS plasmas, a parallel velocity shear (PVS) may stabilize or destabilize the modes, depending on the individual as well as the relative signs of PVS and of the gradient of magnetic shear. The quasilinear transport induced by the instabilities may be significantly reduced with PVS in VWS plasmas. The vE′ values required to completely suppress the instabilities are much lower in VWS plasmas than they are in normal plasmas. Possible correlations with tokamak experiments are discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872474
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of negative magnetic shear on toroidicity induced eigenmode instability in tokamaks (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 908-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of negative magnetic shear on the toroidicity induced (TI) eigenmode instability are studied with a numerical WKB shooting scheme. The ion temperature gradient (ITG or ηi) and the parallel velocity shear (PVS) of the ions are included. It is found that for a given set of plasma parameters, the damping mechanism from a negative magnetic shear is much stronger than it is from a positive shear of equal magnitude. The effects of PVS on TI modes are demonstrated to be destabilizing. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Existence of ion temperature gradient driven shear Alfvén instabilities in tokamaks : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1917-1924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The existence of unstable ion temperature gradient driven Alfvén eigenmodes (AITG) is demonstrated in tokamak plasmas, which are ideally stable with respect to magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Conditions for the destabilization of such modes are quantitatively discussed on the basis of numerical solutions of a set of one-dimensional integral equations along the ballooning coordinate (quasi-neutrality and parallel Ampère's law). Furthermore, theoretical analyses of the eigenmode dispersion relation, which is given in a compact analytical form in the small ion orbit width limit (compared to the radial wavelength), provide a basis for explaining the general properties of the modes. It is emphasized that instability requires both sufficiently strong thermal ion temperature gradients and that the plasma be not too far away from ideal MHD marginal stability. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873449
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of impurity mode and ion temperature gradient mode in toroidal plasmas (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 3412-3419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The impurity mode and ηi mode driven by impurity ions with outwardly peaked density profiles, near the boundary of tokamak plasmas, and the ion temperature gradient, respectively, are studied in high-temperature toroidal plasmas. The gyrokinetic theory is applied and finite Larmor radius effects of both hydrogenic and impurity ions are included. It is found that the impurity mode is enhanced by the ion temperature gradient. In addition, the impurity ions with outwardly peaked density profiles are demonstrated to have destabilizing effects on the ηi mode. These two modes are strongly coupled to each other so that it is impossible to distinguish between them when both the driving mechanisms are strong enough to drive the corresponding mode unstable independently. The correlation of the results with nonlinear simulations and the experimental observations are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871123
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of parallel-velocity-shear-driven mode in toroidal plasmas (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 4328-4336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the Fourier-ballooning representation is appropriate for the study of short-wavelength drift-like perturbation in toroidal plasmas with a parallel velocity shear (PVS). The radial structure of the mode driven by a PVS is investigated in a torus. The Reynolds stress created by PVS turbulence, and proposed as one of the sources for a sheared poloidal plasma rotation, is analyzed. It is demonstrated that a finite ion temperature may strongly enhance the Reynolds stress creation ability from PVS-driven turbulence. The correlation of this observation with the requirement that ion heating power be higher than a threshold value for the formation of an internal transport barrier is discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873143
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of ηi and trapped electron modes in plasmas with negative magnetic shear (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 755-761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In toroidal collisionless plasmas, the ion temperature gradient (ITG or ηi) and the trapped electron (TE) modes are shown to be weakly (strongly) coupled when both the temperature gradients and the driving mechanism of the trapped electrons are moderate to strong (weak but finite). In the regime of strong coupling, there is a single hybrid mode, unstable for all ηi in plasmas with positive magnetic shear. For the weak coupling case, two independent unstable modes, one in the ion and the other in the electron diamagnetic direction, are found to coexist. In either situation, the negative magnetic shear exerts a strong stabilizing influence; the stabilizing effect is considerably enhanced by the presence of trapped particles. It is predicted that for a given set of plasma parameters, it will be much harder to simultaneously excite the two modes in a plasma with negative shear. The results of this study are significant for tokamak experiments. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872169
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulent particle transport in tokamak plasmas with impurities (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 588-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The turbulence driven by the ion temperature gradient, the mass shear flow parallel to the magnetic field, and the impurity ion density gradient in confined plasmas is studied in a sheared slab magnetic configuration. The turbulence drive from the temperature gradient and parallel shear flow of the majority ion component is shown to be enhanced by the shear flow and negative density gradient of the impurity ions. The particle diffusion induced by the turbulence is obtained within the framework of quasilinear fluid theory. Optimal transport parameters for an inward "pinch'' of the majority ions and the outward flow of the impurity ions are determined. The corresponding effective diffusion coefficients that include the pinch effects are computed. Correlations with tokamak experimental observations such as an isotope scaling of plasma confinement time are discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872180
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