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  • 1995-1999  (130)
  • 1
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    Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6 (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Defensins contribute to host defense by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms. This report shows that human beta-defensins are also chemotactic for immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. Human beta-defensin was selectively chemotactic for cells stably transfected to express human CCR6, a chemokine receptor preferentially expressed by immature dendritic cells and memory T cells. The beta-defensin-induced chemotaxis was sensitive to pertussis toxin and inhibited by antibodies to CCR6. The binding of iodinated LARC, the chemokine ligand for CCR6, to CCR6-transfected cells was competitively displaced by beta-defensin. Thus, beta-defensins may promote adaptive immune responses by recruiting dendritic and T cells to the site of microbial invasion through interaction with CCR6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, D -- Chertov, O -- Bykovskaia, S N -- Chen, Q -- Buffo, M J -- Shogan, J -- Anderson, M -- Schroder, J M -- Wang, J M -- Howard, O M -- Oppenheim, J J -- N01-CO-56000/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Division of Basic Sciences, Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10521347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies/immunology ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL20 ; Chemokines, CC/metabolism/pharmacology ; Chemotaxis ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Defensins ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Active ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Memory ; *Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins ; Pertussis Toxin ; Proteins/pharmacology/*physiology ; Receptors, CCR6 ; Receptors, Chemokine/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Transfection ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology ; *beta-Defensins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Defective T cell differentiation in the absence of Jnk1 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-16
    Description: The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway has been implicated in the immune response that is mediated by the activation and differentiation of CD4 helper T (TH) cells into TH1 and TH2 effector cells. JNK activity observed in wild-type activated TH cells was severely reduced in TH cells from Jnk1-/- mice. The Jnk1-/- T cells hyperproliferated, exhibited decreased activation-induced cell death, and preferentially differentiated to TH2 cells. The enhanced production of TH2 cytokines by Jnk1-/- cells was associated with increased nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor NFATc. Thus, the JNK1 signaling pathway plays a key role in T cell receptor-initiated TH cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dong, C -- Yang, D D -- Wysk, M -- Whitmarsh, A J -- Davis, R J -- Flavell, R A -- CA65861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA72009/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2092-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/cytology/immunology ; Th2 Cells/cytology/immunology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiroptical Properties of 1-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane in the Vacuum-UV and IR Regions (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 4160-4166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00119a033
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved process for production of recombinant yeast-derived monomeric human G-CSF (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 338-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) was efficiently secreted at high levels in fed-batch cultures of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the secreted recombinant hG-CSF (rhG-CSF) was shown to exist as large multimers in the culture broth due to strong hydrophobic interaction. It was hardly monomerized even by urea at high concentration. This multimer has been reported to diminish specific receptor-binding activity of hG-CSF and causes undesirable problems in the downstream process. When the rhG-CSF was secreted to extracellular broth in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) in the culture media, the multimerization of the secreted rhG-CSF was efficiently prevented in the fed-batch cultures. Also, the monomer fraction and secretion efficiency of rhG-CSF were significantly increased at the higher culture pH (6.5). Without using any denaturing agents, the secreted rhG-CSF monomer was easily purified with high recovery yield and purity via a simple purification process under acidic conditions, consisting of diafiltration, cation exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. A lyophilization process devoid of intermonomer aggregation was also designed using effective stabilizing agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051529
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure Determination of a Lone α-Helical Antifreeze Protein from Winter Flounder (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 486-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The X-ray crystal structure of a lone α-helical antifreeze protein from winter flounder has been determined to 1.5 Å using a combination of molecular-replacement and isomorphous-replacement techniques. Molecular replacement involved a multiparameter search using X-PLOR with two 37-mers of alanine in idealized α-helical conformations as the search models. Identified were a large number of potential solutions from which the correct solution was not distinguishable. Commitment of the top 1620 solutions to cycles of rigid-body, positional and simulated-annealing refinement identified the correct solution by a small margin in R factor. Low-resolution electron-density maps generated with phasing information from TbNO3 and LaNO3 derivatives were consistent with the top molecular-replacement solution. These derivatives also provided a means to filter and compare the large number of other molecular-replacement solutions with reasonable R factor statistics. The structure-solution strategy described herein may prove useful for the determination of other relatively simple α-helical X-ray structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444995015253
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determining Absolute Configuration by Vibrational Circular Dichroism: (+)-(1S,5S,6S)- and (-)-(1R,5R,6R)-Spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-diol (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 1918-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00112a004
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elementary Processes in Peptides: Electron Mobility and Dissociation in Peptide Cations in the Gas Phase (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 11255-11265 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100028a029
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Li+ dynamics in a polymer nanocomposite: An analysis of dynamic line shapes in nuclear magnetic resonance (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 5325-5336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characterization of dynamics of the charge-carrying species in polymer electrolytes has proven difficult. In this work we focus on a nanocomposite polymer electrolyte created when poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is intercalated into a layered silicate, Li–montmorillonite. We characterize both the Li+–silicate distance and the cation dynamics by analysis of the changes in 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) line shape observed as the temperature is changed and cation diffusion is enabled. The observed spectra are compared to spectral simulations which emphasize the role of dipolar fields, associated with the static paramagnetic Fe3+ ions randomly distributed at the Al3+ lattice sites, interacting with the mobile cations. Low temperature line shapes are asymmetric, and not simply related to line shapes of more typical NMR interactions. Simulation of 7Li NMR spectra and comparison to experimental spectra shows that the Li+ interacts most strongly with the silicate surface layer, and all our evidence indicates that the cation diffusion is restricted to the surface. Line shape narrowing is observed over the temperature range 270≤T≤420 K reflecting diffusion along the silicate surface. At higher temperatures motional narrowing leads to a limiting linewidth which depends on the spacing between silicate planes and not on the spacing between Li+ and those planes. The high temperature line shape has the same orientation dependence as chemical shift anisotropies. Li+ diffusion rates appear consistent with values reported previously for this system and with a simplified line shape analysis. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478427
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the nitrogen diffusion mechanism in R2Fe17 : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4596-4598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Previously, nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and diffusion calculations have indicated that the distribution of nitrogen atoms in a Y2Fe17Nx particle with intermediate N content is characterized by a nitrided region and an unnitrided region. In order to directly detect this two-region configuration, x-ray diffraction experiments have been carried out on systematically ground nitrogenated samples. Furthermore, x-ray diffraction and 89Y nuclear magnetic resonance on vacuum-annealed samples show that the two-region configuration is stable, and that the nitrogen atoms do not diffuse further into the particle. Thermal conductivity detection measurements indicate that only 5% of the inserted N atoms can be released by vacuum annealing at the nitrogenation temperature. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361738
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Powder x-ray diffraction of two-dimensional materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2376-2385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analytic solution for the normalized intensity for powder x-ray diffraction has been obtained for a simple two-dimensional lattice using a linear approximation for the interference function. The analytic solution, where the Bragg peaks are strongly asymmetric, is compared to computer simulations using the Debye formula, and is shown to be in closer agreement than earlier numerical solutions by Warren and others. For a two-dimensional structure consisting of more than one monolayer of atoms, the shape of the Bragg peaks is modulated by the structure factor. This structure factor modulation provides a continuous plot of the structure factor over the range of the diffraction tail and thus provides valuable information about the structure of the layer. It is demonstrated that because of structure factor modulation the Warren expression which relates the width of Bragg peaks to layer size cannot be used for a two-dimensional sheet with more than one layer of atoms, and it is proposed in such cases that measuring the low-angle side width of half-maximum intensity can be used for determination of the layer size. Single molecular layer MoS2 and WS2 suspensions, prepared by exfoliation, provide excellent randomly oriented two-dimensional systems for demonstrating the unique features of powder x-ray diffraction patterns of two-dimensional materials and for structure identification using Bragg peak profiles. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361165
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