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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malicious referees (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 319-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir - Simon Wain-Hobson is by no means the first to express dissatisfaction with the refereeing of papers, and won't be the last (Nature 385,384; 1997). I second his proposal for reviews to be of a sufficient length - say 10 per cent of the paper's length for a rejection, 5 per cent otherwise? ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/386319d0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of single infrared, optical, and ultraviolet photons using superconducting transition edge sensors (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 735-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have demonstrated the use of superconducting transition edge sensors for the wide-band detection of individual photons from the mid infrared (IR), through the optical, and into the far ultraviolet (UV). These tungsten transition edge sensors are squares about 18 μm on a side and detect single photon events above a threshold of 0.3 eV (4 μm wavelength), with an energy resolution of 0.15 eV full width at half maximum, and with a risetime (falltime) of .5 μs (60 μs). The calibration data extend up to the UV cutoff of the fiber optic feed at 3.5 eV (350 nm). © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121984
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge collection and trapping in low-temperature silicon detectors (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8179-8186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Charge collection efficiency measurements in silicon detectors at low temperature (T〈0.5 K) and low applied electric field (E=0.1–100 V/cm) were performed using a variety of high-purity, p-type silicon samples with room-temperature resistivity in the range 2–40 kΩ cm. Good charge collection under these conditions of low temperature and low electric field is necessary for background suppression, through the simultaneous measurement of phonons and ionization, in a very low event rate dark matter search or neutrino physics experiment. Charge loss due to trapping during drift is present in some samples, but the data suggest that another charge–loss mechanism is also important. We present results which indicate that, for 60 keV energy depositions, a significant fraction of the total charge loss by trapping occurs in the initial electron-hole cloud near the event location which may briefly act as a shielded, field-free region. In addition, measurements of the lateral size, transverse to the applied electric field, of the initial electron-hole cloud indicate large transverse diffusion lengths. At the lowest fields a lateral diameter on the order of 1 mm is found in a detector ∼5 mm thick. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362552
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in spin-dependent tunneling (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1941-1943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial growth techniques are used to impose in-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy on a spin-polarized tunneling configuration. A Cu(100) buffer layer grown on a Si(100) substrate stabilizes epitaxial face-centered-cubic cobalt as one of the ferromagnetic electrodes. The negative magnetocrystalline constant of this metastable phase favors easy axes along Co 〈110〉 and, due to the single crystal nature of this layer, the coercivity is more than an order of magnitude larger than in the polycrystalline layers which form the second electrode. Our approach provides a way to access the high degree of spin polarization characteristic of the 3d transition metals. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124878
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Α comparison of alternative techniques for prediction of the fauna of running-water sites in Great Britain (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Freshwater biology 41 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Early versions of the river invertebrate prediction and classification system (RIVPACS) used TWINSPAN to classify reference sites based on the macro-invertebrate fauna, followed by multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) for prediction of the fauna to be expected at new sites from environmental variables. This paper examines some alternative methods for the initial site classification and a different technique for prediction.2. A data set of 410 sites from RIVPACS II was used for initial screening of seventeen alternative methods of site classification. Multiple discriminant analysis was used to predict classification group from environmental variables.3. Five of the classification–prediction systems which showed promise were developed further to facilitate prediction of taxa at species and at Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) family level.4. The predictive capability of these new systems, plus RIVPACS II, was tested on an independent data set of 101 sites from locations throughout Great Britain.5. Differences between the methods were often marginal but two gave the most consistently reliable outputs: the original TWINSPAN method, and the ordination method semi-strong hybrid multidimensional scaling (SSH) followed by K-means clustering.6. Logistic regression, an alternative approach to prediction which does not require the prior development of a classification system, was also examined. Although its performance fell within the range offered by the other five systems tested, it conveyed no advantages over them.7. This study demonstrated that several different multivariate methods were suitable for developing a reliable system for predicting expected probability of occurrence of taxa. This is because the prediction system involves a weighted average smoothing across site groupings.8. Hence, the two most promising procedures for site classification, coupled to MDA, were both used in the exploratory analyses for RIVPACS III development, which utilized over 600 reference sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00376.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early Life Affects the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 768 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb12152.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of BISGMA derivatives, properties of their polymers and composites (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018590229166
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterocyclic methacrylates for clinical applications–further studies of water sorption (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 667-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The room temperature polymerizing system comprising poly(ethyl methacrylate)-tetra hydrofurfuryl methacrylate (PEM/THFMA) has potential in orthopaedic and dental applications, and earlier work has shown it to have unusual water absorption characteristics. This aspect has been studied in further detail, by studying the water absorption behaviour from some biological solutions, and the effect of the addition of an antibiotic (gentamicin). For comparison purposes, a parallel system whereby tetrahydrofuryl methacrylate was replaced by hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PEM/HEMA), was studied. In the case of PEM/THFMA, water uptake was substantially reduced when absorption was carried out from solutions (from about 30% in water to about 1.5% in solutions of higher concentrations), and the corresponding diffusion coefficient increased (by a factor of several hundred). The addition of gentamicin increased uptake, but the extent of increase also decreased in solutions. It was concluded that uptake was related to the osmolarity of the external solution, and also on the presence of osmotic sites within the polymer; hence the uptake process appears to be governed by chemical potential considerations. At the higher uptakes, there was evidence of water clusters. In marked contrast, the uptake by the PEM/HEMA system was independent of the osmolarity of the external solutions, presumably due to the hydrophilic nature of HEMA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018531722265
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agrin signals at the junction (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 478-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE ability of the nervous system to deal with the real world depends on rapid communication between its neurons at synaptic junctions. That communication involves the release of a chemical transmitter from one neuron and its binding to a receptor protein on the next, so the speed of transmission ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381478a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of density, rainfall and environmental temperature on body condition and fecundity in the common toad, Bufo bufo (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 453-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Climate ; Common toad ; Density dependence ; Fecundity ; Hibernation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The body length and body weight of all adult common toads (Bufo bufo) breeding at a pond in south Dorset were measured between 1983 and 1993. Each toad was placed into one of four categories depending on its sex and whether it was either a first time breeder or an animal that had previously bred. The body condition of each male and female toad for each year was compared with the average body condition of all the male and female toads captured over the 11 years of the study so that between-year differences in condition could be detected. Changes in body condition were compared with changes in body condition were compared with changes in toad density, rainfall and climatic temperature during the previous summer (March–September), during hibernation (October–February) and during the month preceding the start of spawning. During the study there was a decline in the body condition of all toad categories and these changes were significantly correlated with changes in toad density and climatic temperature. Toads were also more likely to enter hibernation in poor condition following a hot dry summer than after either cool wet or hot wet summers. Body condition explained 41% of the size-specific variation in fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341357
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