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  • 1995-1999  (9)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(amide-imide)s(PAIs) with different microstructures were prepared based on trimellitimide and 4,4'-diphenylether with varying the reaction conditions. The microstructures of PAIs were examined by 500MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The head-to tail (HT-) PAI showed a sharp peak in WAXD curve, a large shift at around 1670 cm−1 for −C=O stretching in FT-IR spectra, and poor solubility in organic solvents, high density, Tg, tensile strength and modulus compared to head-to-head (HH-) PAI and copolymers of HT and HH. These results might be due to the higher packing tendency of the HT PAI than HH PAI or copolymers.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The glass transition behavior of ternary blends of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer (SEPS) was investigated. The blends were prepared by an internal mixer, and their dynamic mechanical properties and morphology were measured. The blends showed phase inversion at around 75wt% PS composition. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PP phase shifted to lower temperature as the PS contents were increased in PP/PS binary blends, probably due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between two components. As the SEPS copolymer contents were increased, the Tg's of the PP phase in the blends increased. In particular, the large increase in Tg of the PP phase was observed in the PP/PS (25/75) blends where the phase inversion takes place.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 233 (1995), S. 89-101 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neuartige Poly(amidimid)e (PAI) mit aliphatischen Diaminen als Comonomersegmente wurden durch Polykondensation von Trimellitsäureanhydridchlorid mit gemischten Aminen hergestellt. Die Ergebnisse von Copolymerisationsversuchen mit verschiedenen alicyclischen Diaminen ließen Isophorondiamin (IPDA) als geeigneteres Comonomeres für Poly(amidimid)e erscheinen. Die erhaltenen Copoly(amidimid)e zeigten, daß die IPDA-Segmente im Vergleich zu aromatischen Diaminen, die in einer vorangehenden Arbeit beschrieben wurden, starrer sind als m-BAPS und 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylether, jedoch weniger starr als m-PDA. Die hergestellten PAIs besitzen gute mechanische Eigenschaften mit Zugfestigkeiten von 105 ∼ 118 mPa. Die Glastemperaturen liegen je nach Molekulargewicht und dem eingesetzten Comonomeren zwischen 232°C und 301°C. Die Löslichkeit konnte durch den aliphatischen Charakter des IPDA erhöht werden. Auch die rheologischen Eigenschaften verbesserten sich im Vergleich zu konventionellem PAI. Die Schmelzviskositäten der Copolymeren lagen zwischen 1.6 · 103 und 2.1 · 103 Pa · s. Die beschriebenen PAIs könnten sich somit zur Herstellung von aus der Schmelze verarbeitbaren Hochleistungspolymeren eignen.
    Notes: New poly(amideimide)s (PAI) containing aliphatic diamines as comonomers were synthesized by polycondensation of trimellitic anhydride chloride with mixed diamines. Preliminary results of copolymerization with various alicyclic diamines suggested that isophoronediamine (IPDA) is more preferable as a comonomer for PAI. The copolyamide imides with IPDA showed that IPDA is more rigid than mbisaminophenoxydiphenylsulfoneSystematic name: 4,4′-Sulfonylbis(1,3-phenylenoxy)dianiline. (m-BAPS) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), but less than m-phenylenediamine (m-PDA). And they showed good mechanical properties with 105 ∼ 118 MPa of tensile strength and Tg's were ranged 232 ∼ 301 °C depending on molecular weight and comonomers. The solubility was improved due to the aliphatic character of IPDA in the copolymers. Rheological properties were also improved compared with conventional PAI. The melt viscosity of the copolymers ranged 1.6 · 103 ∼ 2.1 · 103 Pa · s, thus, the reported PAIs may be considered to be new candidates for melt processable high-performance polymer materials.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein neues, wirtschftliches Verfahren zur Herstellung hochmolekularer Poly(amidimid)e (PAIs) basiert auf der direkten Polykondensation von Trimellitsäureanhydrid(TMA) oder Diimid-Disäuren (DIDAs) mit aromatischen Diaminen in Gegenwart von äquimolaren Mengen an Thionylchlorid in N-Methylpyrrolidon bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen. Die Polyamidierung von Diimid-Disäuren und Diaminen zu Kopf-Kopf-Polymeren (H-PAIs) ist temperaturempfindlich und verläuft rasch; die Reaktionsdauer von 1 h war für die vollständige Umsetzung ausreichend. Der höchste Wert für die inhärente Viskosität ηinh wurde mit 72 mL g-1 bei Polymerisation bei Raumtemperatur erzielt. Durch die Polykondensation von TMA mit Diaminen und anschließende Imidisierung nach verschiedenen Methoden, wie die azeotrope Dehydrierung bzw. die Festphasenimidisierung von Polyamsäuren oder der Einsatz von Triphenylphosphit als Cokondensationsagens, wurden ebenfalls einige statistisch aufgebaute Polymere (R-PAJs) hergestellt. Von den Imidisierungsmethoden ergab die Festphasenimidisierung von Polyamsäuren mit inhärenten Viskositäten ηinh von 58-85 mL g-1 zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse. Imidisierungsgrade und Molekulargewichte wurden im wesentlichen von der Lösungsmittelmenge sowie der Imidisierungstemperatur und -zeit bestimmt. Sowohl H-PAI als auch R-PAI zeigten gute mechanische Eigenschaften, je nach Ausgangsmonomeren lagen die Zugfestigkeiten im Bereich 118-131 MPa und die Glasübergangstemperaturen im Bereich von 263-299°C. Die Schmelzviskositäten der PAIs bewegten sich zwischen 7,4·103 und 4,5·103 Pa s für H-PAI bzw. R-PAI und sind mit dem Wert fur konventionelles PAI, Torlon® 4000T, von 5,6·103 Pa s vergleichbar.
    Notes: A study for the development of a new, economical manufacturing process for high-molecular-weight poly(amide-imide) (PAI) was performed via direct polycondensation of trimellitic acid anhydride (TMA) or diimide diacids (DIDAs) with aromatic diamines using an equimolar amount of thionyl chloride in NMP at relatively low temperatures. The polyamidation of DIDAs and diamines for head-to-head polymers (H-PAIs) was sensitive to the reaction temperature and proceeded very quickly, 1 h was sufficient to complete the reaction. The highest value of inherent viscosity, ηinh, of 72 mL g-1 was obtained by polymerization at room temperature. Also several randomly sequenced polymers (R-PAIs) were prepared by polycondensation from TMA and diamines, followed by imidization with various methods, such as using TPP as a co-condensing agent, azeotropic dehydration of polyamic acid (PAA) and solid-state imidization from PAA. Solid state imidization from polyamic acids at 235°C gave satisfactory results with an inherent viscosity 58-85 mL g-1. Solvent content, imidization temperature and time were major controlling factors for the degree of imidization as well as for the molecular weight. Both H-PAI and R-PAI showed good mechanical properties with tensile strength of 118-131 MPa and Tg ranged between 263-299°C depending on the nature of monomers. The melt viscosity of the PAIs ranged between 7.4 · 103 and 4.5 · 103 Pa s for H-PAI and R-PAI respectively. These values are comparable to that of conventional PAI, Torlon® 4000T of 5.6 · 103 Pa s.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: New aromatic polyetherimides containing the 1,1′-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethane dianhydride unit were prepared by a conventional two-step method from 1,1′-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethane dianhydride and several diamines. This procedure yielded high molecular weight polyetherimides with inherent viscosities of 0.22-1.29 dL/g. Most of the corresponding polyetherimides were soluble in organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and methylene chloride under ambient temperature. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of these polymers were in the range of 207-264°C and the temperatures of 10% weight loss were over 520°C at a heating rate 20°C/min in nitrogen. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1643-1651 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of blends of poly(ether imide) (PEI) and nylon 66 over the full composition range have been invesigated. Torque changes during mixing were also measured. Lowertorque values than those calculated by the log-additivity rule were ontained, resulting from the slip at the interface due to low interaction between the componeents. The particle size of the dispersed phase and morphology of the blends were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The composition of each phase was calculated. The blends of PEI and nylon 66 showed phase-seoarated structures with small spherical domains of 0.3 ∼ 0.7 μm. The glass transition temperatures (Tgg) of the blends were shifted inward, compared with those of the homopolymers, which implied that the blends were partially imiscible over a range of compositions. Tg1, corresponding to nylon 66-rich phase. This indicated that the fraction of PEI mixed into nylon 66-rich phase increased with decreasing PEI content and that nylon 66 was rerely mixed into the PEI-rich phase. The effect of composition of the secondary relaxations was examined. Both Tβ, corresponding to the motion of amide groups in nylon 66. and Tγ′, corresponding to that of either groups in PEI, were shifted to higher temperature, probably because of the formation of intermolecular interactions between the components.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1999-07-16
    Print ISSN: 0170-0839
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-2449
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1998-06-19
    Print ISSN: 0170-0839
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-2449
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1997-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-9297
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5835
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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