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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal annealing characteristics of Si and Mg-implanted GaN thin films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 2702-2704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter, we report the results of ion implantation of GaN using 28Si and 24Mg species. Structural and electrical characterizations of the GaN thin films after thermal annealing show that native defects in the GaN films dominate over implant doping effects. The formation energies of the annealing induced defects are estimated to range from 1.4 to 3.6 eV. A 40 keV 1014 cm−2 Mg implant results in the decrease of the free-carrier concentration by three orders of magnitude compared to unimplanted GaN up to an annealing temperature of 690 °C. Furthermore, we have observed the correlation between these annealing-induced defects to both improved optical and electrical properties. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116314
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facial structure of the trace class (1995)
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 64 (1995), S. 185-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188567
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of binary vortices in a barotropic model (1995)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 56 (1995), S. 135-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary The interaction of binary cyclonic vortices is investigated using the nondivergent barotropic model of Chan and Williams (1987) under two situations: a quiescent environment and a linearly-sheared background flow. It is found that the mutual interaction between the vortices results from a combination of two processes: the advection of symmetric vorticity by the asymmetric flow and the advection of asymmetric vorticity by the symmetric flow. The latter contribution is rather significant. Whether the vortices in a binary system attract or repel each other depends on the asymmetric vorticity distribution associated with the two vortices. Such a distribution is governed by the structure (size) of and the separation between the vortices. In the presence of a sheared flow, the contribution from the advection of asymmetric vorticity by the symmetric flow may also become appreciable depending on the structure and magnitude of the shear. Furthermore, the geographical locations of the vortices in relation to the sheared flow are also important in determining the relative movement of the vortices. In the presence of β, the movements of the vortices are modified by the northwestward β-drift However, the relative motion between the vortices is almost identical to that on an f-plane. In other words, the mutual interaction between the vortices is largely independent of β. Alternatively, the two vortices can be considered to be one system which drifts towards the northwest under the influence of β while they interact with each other within the system. Physically, this independence arises because the two relative vorticity advection terms have much larger magnitudes than the planetary vorticity advection term. However, the β-effect is still important in that it modifies the asymmetric flow associated with each vortex and hence the asymmetric vorticity. Such modifications change the advection patterns compared with the β=0 case and hence lead to different vortex movements. The presence of a linear shear causes the binary system to move as if it was a large (for a cyclonic shear) or smaller (for an anticyclonic shear) vortex under the influence of β.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01022526
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of the asymmetric circulation associated with tropical cyclone motion (1998)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 65 (1998), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper examines the characteristics of the asymmetric flow associated with tropical cyclone (TC) motion using the Final Analysis dataset produced after the Tropical Cyclone Motion Experiment (TCM-90). The wind data vertically-integrated between 850 and 300 hPa around a TC are first separated into an environment flow and a vortex circulation using the filtering algorithm of Kurihara et al. (1995). The latter is then Fourier-decomposed azimuthally to obtain the symmetric and asymmetric components. Nine TCs that occurred during the TCM-90 Experiment are examined. For generally westward-moving TCs, the wavenumber-1 (WN-1) component is found to dominate the asymmetric flow. However, its pattern does not always exhibit a pair of counterrotating gyres as would be expected from previous modelling results (Fiorino and Elsberry, 1989). Further, the ventilation flow associated with WN-1 does not necessarily point towards the northwest. For a TC undergoing recurvature, the WN-2 flow becomes significant, and even has a larger magnitude than the WN-1 component, starting from about one day before recurvature. Consistent with the modelling results of Williams and Chan (1994), the WN-2 component also rotates counter-clockwise with time. The growth and decay of the asymmetric components result from the interaction between the environmental flow and the symmetric flow of the TC through an energy exchange, in addition to such exchanges between the asymmetric components. Energy generally flows from the environment and the symmetric circulation of the TC to the WN-1 component during intensification but vice versa when the TC is weakening. The growth of the WN-2 component in recurving TCs is due to a transfer of energy from the environment, the symmetric circulation and the WN-1 flow. It is for this reason that the WN-1 flow becomes weaker than the WN-2 flow in such cases. The WN-1 component of fast-moving TCs is found to extract energy from the WN-2 component, in addition to those from the environment and the symmetric flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030787
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological role of brain angiotensin III in drinking behavior in the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 3 (1996), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Ile7-angiotensin III ; Bestatin ; Osmotic minipump ; Drinking response ; Spontaneously hypertensive rats ; Normotensive rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the physiologic role of endogenous brain angiotensin III (AIII), an active degradative product of angiotensin II, in drinking behavior. Adult, male spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive (WKY) rats that were instrumented with an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula connected to an osmotic minipump for chronic infusion were used. 7-day i.c.v. infusion of the specific AIII antagonist, Ile7-AIII (10 or 100 pmol/min), resulted in no significant alteration in daily (24 h), diurnal (8:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m.) or nocturnal (8:00 p.m.-8:00 a.m.) basal water intake in both SH and WKY rats. Similar results were obtained with i.c.v. infusion of the aminopeptidase inhibitor, bestatin (150 or 300 pmol/min), given alone or simultaneously with Ile7-AIII (10 pmol/min). Rats that were water-deprived for the first 3 days of 7-day infusion of Ile7-AIII consumed significantly less water during the first 2 h after water became available. Furthermore, the accumulated water intake during the first 24 h was appreciably greater in SH than WKY rats. We interpret these results to suggest that the endogenous brain AIII may not be tonically involved in fluid homeostasis. Instead, it must be activated under conditions of dehydration, such as water deprivation, particularly in the SHRs, to initiate drinking behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) from plumule explants through somatic embryogenesis (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 515-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Coconut ; Regeneration ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Plumule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A protocol was developed for coconut regeneration using plumules from mature zygotic embryos as explants, and media with the synthetic growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. Evidence for the regeneration process from these tissues occurring through somatic embryogenesis is presented. The somatic embryos were capable of germination, subsequent development into plantlets and successful transfer to the nursery. The yields were larger, nearly twofold for calli and over tenfold for calli bearing somatic embryos, than those previously reported with inflorescence explants. The present protocol thus represents an improvement in time and yield over previous protocols. Even though plumule explants are not the ideal tissue source due to possible genetic heterogeneity, the improvements made here may be applicable to tissues from mature plants. In addition, micropropagation of coconut using plumules is potentially useful when they are obtained from fruit produced from selected parents of outstanding performance, such as those resistant to diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050434
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-dose pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and its conjugates in Chinese non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with renal impairment (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 52 (1997), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Paracetamol ; Renal failure; polar conjugates ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: A single oral dose of paracetamol (20 mg · kg−1) was given to 38 Chinese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who had either normal renal function or varying degrees of renal impairment, with creatinine clearances ranging from 4 to 123 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2. The plasma and urinary concentrations of paracetamol and its major metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The absorption and elimination of paracetamol were unaffected by renal impairment. However, the area under the plasma concentration time curve and the elimination half-life of paracetamol metabolites increased significantly with worsening renal insufficiency. Mean renal clearances of paracetamol and its conjugates were significantly reduced in these subjects. There was no evidence of altered metabolic activation with renal impairment. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that paracetamol disposition is minimally affected by diabetic nephropathy; however, extensive accumulation of conjugates may occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050291
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of limiting access to prey on development of first zoeal stage of the brachyuran crabs Cancer magister and Hemigrapsus oregonensis (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 131 (1998), S. 515-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We tested the influence of limiting access to prey on larval development of the crabs Cancer magister and Hemigrapsus oregonensis by raising their Stage 1 larvae in the laboratory on different prey densities and with various periods of access to prey. Experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 at the Shannon Point Marine Center in Anacortes, Washington, USA. Our results show that crab larvae do not require continuous access to prey for optimal development nor do they appear to require light for prey capture. Survival and duration of Stage 1 C. magister fed continuously on only one-fourth the amount of the control density of prey and those fed at the control density for only 6 h per day were the same as for larvae fed continuously at the control density (20 ml−1). Larvae with cyclic access to prey at the control density for 24 h and then starved for 72 h showed significantly lower survival and longer instar duration to Stage 2. Experiments on Stage 1 H. oregonensis which investigated a combination of prey density, period of access to prey and light/dark conditions during feeding revealed that survival decreased with decreasing prey density or with decreasing feeding period, but no differences were observed during periods of limited prey availability as a function of light or dark conditions. Stage duration was not affected by reduced prey density nor by the light/dark condition at the time of feeding, but it was prolonged when the period of access to prey was limited. The period of access to prey did not affect the weight of Day 1 Stage 2 larvae. Larvae fed high densities of prey for 4 h followed by 20 h of reduced-density diet exhibited the same survival and stage duration as controls that were continuously fed high-density prey. Our results define sub-optimal diets that can be used experimentally to determine the nutritional contributions made by naturally-occurring prey organisms during larval development in the two species. In nature, larvae may satisfy nutritional requirements through periodic encounters with dense prey patches during vertical migrations by day or night.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050343
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ELECTRON DRIFT INSTRUMENT FOR CLUSTER (1997)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 79 (1997), S. 233-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) measures the drift of a weak beam of test electrons that, when emitted in certain directions, return to the spacecraft after one or more gyrations. This drift is related to the electric field and the gradient in the magnetic field, and these quantities can, by use of different electron energies, be determined separately. As a by-product, the magnetic field strength is also measured. The present paper describes the scientific objectives, the experimental method, and the technical realization of the various elements of the instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004917512774
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supersolidus liquid phase sintering of moulded metal components (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 5131-5136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of supersolidus liquid phase sintering (SLPS) on the density of sintered components manufactured using a Ni-base superalloy powder (N18) has been studied. A compression moulding technique was employed to simulate the metal injection moulding (MIM) process using coarse N18 powder, with a particle size distribution of 40–63 μm, as opposed to fine powders of less than 10μm normally used in conventional MIM. The study has demonstrated how the problem of low sintered density, encountered in solid-state sintering using coarse powders, can been overcome by SLPS and that the sintered densities of the N18 powder via the moulding process route were comparable with those produced by conventional die pressing and sintering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004463432744
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