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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetate enhances solvent production and prevents degeneration in Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 170-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Addition of sodium acetate to chemically defined MP2 medium was found to increase and stabilize solvent production by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101, a solvent-hyperproducing mutant derived from C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. C. beijerinckii BA101 demonstrated a greater increase in solvent production than C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 when sodium acetate was added to MP2 medium. In 1-l batch fermentations, C. beijerinckii BA101 produced 32.6 g/l total solvents, with butanol at 20.9 g/l, when grown in MP2 medium containing 60 mM sodium acetate and 8% glucose. To our knowledge, these values represent the highest solvent and butanol concentrations produced by a solventogenic Clostridium strain when grown in batch culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051504
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a magnetic field on the stability of the flow of molten material in laser cutting processes (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2780-2790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this analysis, the generalized kinematic equation for the thickness of the molten film is derived by perturbation methods and the method of multiple scales is used to investigate the weakly nonlinear stability of the flow of molten material in laser cutting under a transverse uniform magnetic field, taking into account the effect of phase change at the liquid–vapor interface. Analysis of the linear stability of the molten layer shows that the optimum cutting speed can be increased through use of the magnetic field. Nonlinear stability analysis further shows that supercritical stability and subcritical instability exist in the laser cutting system with or without magnetic effect. In a magnetic field, the equilibrium amplitude of high cutting speeds decreases, and the minimum threshold amplitude increases at low cutting speeds. The effect of the magnetic field, measured by the Hartmann number (m) is to stabilize the flow regardless of the cutting speed value or gas velocity. An appropriate applied magnetic field improves the laser cutting process and counteracts surface roughness. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366109
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystalline silicon carbon nitride: A wide band gap semiconductor (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2463-2465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Crystalline thin films of SiCN have been grown by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using H2, CH4, N2, and SiH4 gases. The ternary compound (C;Si)xNy exhibits a hexagonal structure and consists of a network wherein the Si and C are substitutional elements. While the N content of the compound is about 35–40 at. %, the extent of Si substitution varies and can be as low as 10 at. %. Optical properties of the SiCN compounds have been studied by photoluminescence (PL), piezoreflectance (PzR), and photothermal deflection (PDS) spectroscopies. From the PzR measurement, we determine the direct band gap of the new crystals to be around 3.8 eV at room temperature. PDS measurement shows two absorption features with the first peak at around 3.2 eV which is related to an indirect band gap. The second PDS peak occurred around 3.8 eV and is quite consistent with the direct band gap determined by PzR. From the PL measurement, it is also found that the SiCN compounds have a near band edge emission centered around 3.26 eV at room temperature, which is consistent with the fundamental band gap obtained from the PDS measurement. These optical results indicate the potential of SiCN for blue and uv optoelectronic applications. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121383
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternating iteration method for interacting multiple crack problems (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.1999.00214.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual Differences in Bone Markers and Bone Mineral Density of Normal Chinese (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 454-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteocalcin — Procollagen-I C terminal peptide — Bone alkaline phosphatase — N-teleopeptide type I collagen — Bone mineral density — Chinese men and women.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar (L2–L4) vertebrae and proximal femurs of 385 healthy Chinese women aged 40–70 years and 156 healthy Chinese men aged 20–85, and four markers—bone alkaline phosphatase isozyme (BAP), procollagen-I C terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin (BGP) in serum, and a bone resorption marker, urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), of these subjects. The results indicate that in postmenopausal women, levels of all the markers increased with age. In men, serum BAP, PICP, and urinary NTX decreased significantly, and serum BGP decreased with borderline significance (P= 0.08). With increasing age, bone density decreased at both sites in postmenopausal women and at the proximal femur in men. The lumbar bone density showed no significant age-related changes in men. In premenopausal women, BMD at either site showed no significant change with increasing age. Despite the different trends between men and women of age-related changes in BMD and bone markers, bone density of both proximal femur and spine in both sexes correlated inversely with levels of the bone markers in a manner independent of age or body weight. The meaning of opposite age effects on bone markers in men and women needs further investigation. In addition, higher bone marker levels, implying faster bone turnover rate, are associated with lower BMD in both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual differences in bone markers and bone mineral density of normal Chinese (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 454-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteocalcin ; Procollagen-I C terminal peptide ; Bone alkaline phosphatase ; N-teleopeptide type I collagen ; Bone mineral density ; Chinese men and women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar (L2–L4) vertebrae and proximal femurs of 385 healthy Chinese women aged 40–70 years and 156 healthy Chinese men aged 20–85, and four markers—bone alkaline phosphatase isozyme (BAP), procollagen-I C terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin (BGP) in serum, and a bone resorption marker, urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), of these subjects. The results indicate that in postmenopausal women, levels of all the markers increased with age. In men, serum BAP, PICP, and urinary NTX decreased significantly, and serum BGP decreased with borderline significance (P=0.08). With increasing age, bone density decreased at both sites in post-menopausal women and at the proximal femur in men. The lumbar bone density showed no significant age-related changes in men. In premenopausal women, BMD at either site showed no significant change with increasing age. Despite the different trends between men and women of agerelated changes in BMD and bone markers, bone density of both proximal femur and spine in both sexes correlated inversely with levels of the bone markers in a manner independent of age or body weight. The meaning of opposite age effects on bone markers in men and women needs further investigation. In addition, higher bone marker levels, implying faster bone turnover rate, are associated with lower BMD in both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact solution of heat transfer from a stretching surface with variable heat flux (1998)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 33 (1998), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An exact expression of the temperature distribution is constructed for the heat transfer from a stretching surface with prescribed power law heat flux. The stretching velocity is inversely proportional to the one third power of the distance measured along the surface from a thin slit. The final result is expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. Although the exact solution is accomplished, some physically unrealistic phenomena are encounters for specific conditions. The temperature parameter which prescribe the surface heat flux, strongly affects those situations. Two types of temperature distribution are discussed: dimensionless temperatures with and without scaling to the dimensionless surface temperature. The expression of the temperature distribution without scaling is lucid to understand the heat transfer characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310050218
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developments in Phase-Field Modeling of Thermoelastic and Two-Component Materials (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 95 (1999), S. 1141-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: solidification of alloys ; phase field models ; interfaces ; nonlocal effects ; solidus curves ; solute trappings ; partition coefficient ; asymptotics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A discussion is given of recent advances in phase-field modeling of materials which change phase. On one hand, general models incorporating elasticity properties of the material, nonconserved and conserved order parameters, and nonlocal effects are now available. On the other hand, gradient theories for binary alloys have been developed which reflect such effects as the dependence of capillarity on the concentration of impurities, solute trapping in its dependence on velocity of solidification fronts, and other nonequilibrium phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004566820463
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear hydromagnetic stability analysis of condensation film flow down a vertical plate (1996)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 118 (1996), S. 197-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In the present paper, the nonlinear stability of electrically conductive liquid condensation film that flows down a vertical flat plate is investigated analytically. The generalized kinematic equations for the film thickness with phase change at the interface is modified to take into account the effect of an uniform magnetic field applied transversely to the plate. The results show that both the supercritical stability and the subcritical instability still can be found in the magnetic fluid film flow system. The effect of the magnetic field (which was revealed as a Hartmann number,m) is to stabilize the film flow. Therefore, the instability could be counteracted by controlling the applied magnetic field. Moreover, this paper presents more accurate assessment for the instability of electrically conductive liquid film flow in a magnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410517
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Abnormal photoresponses and light-induced apoptosis in rods lacking rhodopsin kinase (1999)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-30
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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