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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: BRCA1 encodes a tumor suppressor that is mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancers. Here, it is shown that BRCA1 interacts in vitro and in vivo with hRad50, which forms a complex with hMre11 and p95/nibrin. Upon irradiation, BRCA1 was detected in discrete foci in the nucleus, which colocalize with hRad50. Formation of irradiation-induced foci positive for BRCA1, hRad50, hMre11, or p95 was dramatically reduced in HCC/1937 breast cancer cells carrying a homozygous mutation in BRCA1 but was restored by transfection of wild-type BRCA1. Ectopic expression of wild-type, but not mutated, BRCA1 in these cells rendered them less sensitive to the DNA damage agent, methyl methanesulfonate. These data suggest that BRCA1 is important for the cellular responses to DNA damage that are mediated by the hRad50-hMre11-p95 complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhong, Q -- Chen, C F -- Li, S -- Chen, Y -- Wang, C C -- Xiao, J -- Chen, P L -- Sharp, Z D -- Lee, W H -- CA 30195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cell Survival ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair Enzymes ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gamma Rays ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Humans ; Methyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology ; Mutagens/pharmacology ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: The BRCA1 gene product was identified as a 220-kilodalton nuclear phosphoprotein in normal cells, including breast ductal epithelial cells, and in 18 of 20 tumor cell lines derived from tissues other than breast and ovary. In 16 of 17 breast and ovarian cancer lines and 17 of 17 samples of cells obtained from malignant effusions, however, BRCA1 localized mainly in cytoplasm. Absence of BRCA1 or aberrant subcellular location was also observed to a variable extent in histological sections of many breast cancer biopsies. These findings suggest that BRCA1 abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of many breast cancers, sporadic as well as familial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y -- Chen, C F -- Riley, D J -- Allred, D C -- Chen, P L -- Von Hoff, D -- Osborne, C K -- Lee, W H -- CA58318/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY05758/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Medicine/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; BRCA1 Protein ; Base Sequence ; Breast/*chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cytoplasm/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant/chemistry/pathology ; Transcription Factors/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1709-1711 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1712-1714 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 29 (1997), S. 893-898 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The modified coupled averaged propagation equations describing the orthogonally polarized soliton propagation in a random birefringent fibre are derived. These include the third-order dispersion and Raman shift terms. Using these equations, the effects of the third-order dispersion and Raman shift terms are found to reduce the soliton interactions in a polarization-division multiplexing transmission system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-04-28
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1999-04-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1995-11-25
    Description: The effect of surface tension on the onset of convection in a horizontal double-diffusive layer was studied both experimentally and by linear stability analysis. The experiments were conducted in a rectangular tank with base dimension of 25 x 13 cm and 5 cm in height. A stable solute (NaCl) stratification was first established in the tank, and then a vertical temperature gradient was imposed. Vertical temperature and concentration profiles were measured using a thermocouple and a conductivity probe and the flow patterns were visualized by a schlieren system. Two types of experiments were carried out which illustrate the effect of surface tension on the onset of convection. In the rigid-rigid experiments, when the critical thermal Rayleigh number, RT, is reached, large double-diffusive plumes were seen simultaneously to rise from the heated bottom and descend from the cooled top. In the rigid-free experiments, owing to surface-tension effects, the first instability onset was of the Marangoni type. Well-organized small plumes were seen to emerge and persist close to the top free surface at a relatively small RMT (where subscript M denotes ‘Marangoni’). At larger RbT 〉 RtT (where subscript t denotes ‘top’) these plumes evolved into larger double-diffusive plumes. The onset of double-diffusive instability at the bottom region occurred at a still higher RbT 〉 RtT (where subscript b denotes ‘bottom’), A series of stability experiments was conducted for a layer with an initial top concentration of 2wt% and different concentration gradients. The stability map shows that in the rigid-free case the early Marangoni instability in the top region reduces significantly the critical RT for the onset of double-diffusive convection. Compared with the rigid-rigid case, the critical RT in the top region is reduced by about 60 % and in the bottom region by about 30%. The results of the linear stability analysis, which takes into account both surface-tension and double-diffusive effects, are in general agreement with the experiments. The analysis is then applied to study the stability characteristics of such a layer as gravity is reduced to microgravity level. Results show that even at 10-4go, where g0is the gravity at sea level, the double-diffusive effect is of equal importance to the Marangoni effect. © 1995, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-07-25
    Description: Experiments are conducted to study the longitudinal vortices that develop in the boundary layer on the upper surface of an inclined, heated plate. An isothermal plate in water is inclined at angles ranging from 20 to 60 degrees (from the vertical) while the temperature difference is varied from 2 to 23°C. A double-pass Schlieren system is used to visualize the vortices and particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to measure velocities. In addition, a unique method is developed such that both the Schlieren visualization and PIV can be performed simultaneously. The wavelengths of the vortices and the critical modified Reynolds numbers (R̃) for the onset, merging, and breakup of the vortices are determined from Schlieren images for Pr = 5.8. The critical values for R̃ and the critical wavelengths are compared to results of previous experiments and stability analyses. The spatial growth rates of vortices are determined by using the PIV measurements to determine how the circulation in the vortices grows with distance from the leading edge. This is the first time that the growth rate of the vortices have been found using velocity measurements. These spatial growth rates are compared to the results of Iyer & Kelly (1974) and found to be in general agreement. By defining a suitable circulation threshold, the critical R̃ for the onset of the vortices can be found from the growth curves.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1999-09-25
    Description: The nature of instability occurring in a differentially heated infinite slot under steady gravity depends only on the Prandtl number of the contained Boussinesq fluid. For fluids with Pr 〈 12.5, the instability is shear dominated and onsets in a steady convection mode; for fluids with Pr 〉 12.5, the instability is buoyancy dominated and onsets in an oscillatory mode. In this paper, we examine the effect of gravity modulation on the stability characteristics of convection in an infinite slot with both kinds of fluids, in particular, Pr = 1 and Pr = 25. Using the method of Sinha & Wu (1991), we are able to obtain accurate results without excessive numerical integration in the linear stability analysis by Floquet theory. Results show that, for Pr = 1, at a non-dimensional oscillation frequency ω = 20, the critical state alternates between the synchronous and subharmonic modes. At higher frequencies, ω 〉 100, all critical states occur in the synchronous mode. For Pr = 25, with a modulation amplitude ratio of 0.5, resonant interaction occurs in the neighbourhood of ω = 2σ c where σ c is the oscillation frequency of the instability at the critical state under steady gravity. This resonant interaction is destabilizing, with the critical Grashof number being reduced by approximately 20% from that at steady gravity. It is due to the presence of a detached subharmonic branch of the marginal stability curve. In frequency ranges where the detached subharmonic branch is absent, the critical state is in the quasi-periodic mode consisting of two waves of different oscillation frequencies whose sum is the forcing frequency. An analysis of the rate of change of the perturbation kinetic energy shows that, for Pr = 1, the instability is shear dominated regardless of the mode of oscillation, synchronous or subharmonic. Similarly, for Pr = 25, the instability is buoyancy dominated whether it is in the quasi-periodic or subharmonic mode. The mode switching is a response to the forcing and is independent of the dominant mechanisms of instability.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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