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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 251-254 (Oct. 1997), p. 341-348 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Machine learning 19 (1995), S. 95-131 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: theory revision ; knowledge refinement ; inductive logic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge acquisition is a difficult, error-prone, and time-consuming task. The task of automatically improving an existing knowledge base using learning methods is addressed by the class of systems performing theory refinement. This paper presents a system, forte (First-Order Revision of Theories from Examples), which refines first-order Horn-clause theories by integrating a variety of different revision techniques into a coherent whole. FORTE uses these techniques within a hill-climbing framework, guided by a global heuristic. It identifies possible errors in the theory and calls on a library of operators to develop possible revisions. The best revision is implemented, and the process repeats until no further revisions are possible. Operators are drawn from a variety of sources, including prepositional theory refinement, first-order induction, and inverse resolution. FORTE is demonstrated in several domains, including logic programming and qualitative modelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Machine learning 19 (1995), S. 95-131 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: theory revision ; knowledge refinement ; inductive logic programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge acquisition is a difficult, error-prone, and time-consuming task. The task of automatically improving an existing knowledge base using learning methods is addressed by the class of systems performingtheory refinement. This paper presents a system,Forte (First-Order Revision of Theories from Examples), which refines first-order Horn-clause theories by integrating a variety of different revision techniques into a coherent whole.Forte uses these techniques within a hill-climbing framework, guided by a global heuristic. It identifies possible errors in the theory and calls on a library of operators to develop possible revisions. The best revision is implemented, and the process repeats until no further revisions are possible. Operators are drawn from a variety of sources, including propositional theory refinement, first-order induction, and inverse resolution.Forte is demonstrated in several domains, including logic programming and qualitative modelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 16 (1998), S. 201-223 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunological memory can be defined as the faster and stronger response of an animal that follows reexposure to the same antigen. By this definition, it is an operational property of the whole animal or the immune system. Memory cells express a different pattern of cell surface markers, and they respond in several ways that are functionally different from those of naive cells. Murine memory cells are CD44 high and low in the expression of activation markers such as CD25 (IL-2R), whereas human memory cells are CD45RA-, CD45RO+. In contrast to naive cells, memory cells secrete a full range of T cell cytokines and can be polarized to secrete particular restricted patterns of secretion for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. The requirements for the activation of memory cells for proliferation and cytokine production are not quite as strict as those of naive cells, but costimulation in the broad sense is required for optimum responses and for responses to suboptimum antigen concentrations. It would appear that memory cells can persist in the absence of antigenic stimulation and persist as nondividing cells. Reencounter with the same antigen can expand the population to a new, stable, higher level and generate a separate population of CD44 high effectors that may be required for protection, while competition from other antigens can drive it down to a lower stable level. It is unclear how or where memory cells arise, but once generated they have different pathways of recirculation and homing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Journal of organizational change management 12 (1999), S. 51-67 
    ISSN: 0953-4814
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper reports the findings of a study regarding the reactions of 492 line-level employees from two Fortune 500 organizations in response to the organizations' recent implementation of self-managing work teams (SMWTs). As predicted, we found that anticipatory injustice was significantly positively related to change-resistance and turnover intentions; and significantly negatively related to employees' commitment; and that procedural justice can mitigate the latter relationships. Implications for managing change are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 57 (1999), S. 85-107 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: Kissimmee River ; mercury ; nutrients ; restoration ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The planned restoration of the Kissimmee River ecocystem will backfill approximately 35 km of flood control canal (C-38) that cuts through the meandering river channel, re-establish natural flow patterns, and restore the river/floodplain ecosystem. Water quality monitoring, including nutrients, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and mercury, was conducted during a pilot `test fill' project to determine if soil disturbance during canal backfilling would negatively impact these water quality constituents. Surface water nutrient concentrations varied little between sites. Generally, highest concentrations occurred prior to construction, with lowest concentrations occurring during and after construction. During construction, TSS concentrations increased at sites immediately upstream, downstream, and adjacent to the construction area. Increased turbidity was generally restricted to areas immediately upstream and downstream of the test plug, with maximum levels occurring during the initial construction phase. Some downstream increases in turbidity were observed; however, impacts were short-term, lasting less than 24 h. Depresssed DO levels (〈2 mg/l) were observed upstream of the test plug following completion of the initial plug across C-38. Dissolved oxygen levels remained low for approximately 6 weeks, with no apparent ecological impacts. Total mercury (HgT) within canal sediment ranged from 9.2–180 ng/g and methylmercury concentrations ranged from 0.037–0.708 ng/g. Concentration of total mercury and total methylmercury (MeHgT) in the backfill material were much lower than concentrations in the canal sediment. No significant change in aqueous HgT concentrations occurred over the sampling period, although construction-induced turbidity could have temporarily caused a slightly elevated concentration immediately downstream of the construction site. Methylmercury concentrations in the water column ranged from 0.033–0.518 ng/l. No significant differences in mean MeHgT concentrations occured between sites or between sampling dates, except at one downstream site where MeHgT declined significantly over the sampling period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47 (1996), S. 695-700 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation und Sulfidierung von Eisenaluminiden bei hohen TemperaturenZur Beurteilung der Beständigkeit gegenüber Oxidation und Sulfidierung von mehreren neuartigen Eisenaluminiden mit 5 Gew.-% Cr, 0,2 Gew.-% Zr, 0 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Y und 8 bis 16 Gew.-% Al wurden Untersuchungen bei 500 bis 700°C durchgeführt. Die Testumgebungen waren H2/H2O/H2S Gasmischungen, die Sauerstoff- und Schwefelpartialdrücke im Bereich von 10-24 bis 10-31 atm bzw. 10-9 bis 10-11 atm ergaben. Der Einfluß einer Voroxidation auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Zum Vergleich wurden verschiedene Standard-Cr2O3- und Al2O3-bildende Legierungen in das Programm einbezogen.Allgemein waren die Al2O3-bildenden intermetallischen Phasen und Legierungen wesentlich beständiger gegenüber Schädigungen als die Cr2O3-bildenden Legierungen. Eine Voroxidaiton erhöhte in jedem Fall die Zeitspanne bis zum Auftreten von abplatzender Korrosion, die durch die Bildung und Wachstum von Sulfiden verursacht war. In Umgebungen, in denen die Cr2O3-bilddenen Legierungen dicken Sulfidzunder entwickelten, konnte festgestellt werden, daß die Eisenaluminide wirksamer schützenden Al2O3-reichen Zunder entwickelten und behielten als konventionelle Al2O3-bildende Legierungen. Bei den relativ niedrigen Temperaturen dieser Versuche war es schwieriger, den schützenden Zunder aufrechtzuerhalten als bei hohen Temperaturen, insbesondere bei Legierungen mit relativ niedriger Aluminiumkonzentration. So zeigte ein Eisenaluminid mit 16 Gew.-% Al eine gute Widerstandsfähigkeit bei allen Bedingungen während ein Aluminid mit 8 Gew.-% Al bei 500°C stärkere Sulfidbildung entwickelte als bei 700°C. Insgesamt nahm der Widerstand der intermetallischen Verbindungen gegenüber Schädigungen mit steigendem Aluminiumgehalt zu, wenn auch keine von ihnen eine übermäßige Sulfidierung in den 50 h Testprogrammen zeigte.
    Notes: An investigation has been carried out into the oxidation-sulphidation resistance of a series of novel iron aluminides, containing 5 wt% Cr, 0.2 wt% Zr, from 0 to 0.3 wt% Y and from 8 to 16 wt% Al, at 500°C to 700°C. The test environments were H2/H2O/H2S gas mixtures, giving oxygen and sulphur partial pressures in the ranges of 10-24 to 10-31 atm and 10-9 to 10-11 atm respectively. The effects of preoxidation on the degradation resistance have also been studied. For comparison, several standard Cr2O3-forming and Al2O3-forming alloys were included in the programme.In general, the Al2O3-forming intermetallics and alloys were much more resistant to degradation than the Cr2O3-forming alloys while, in all cases, preoxidation increased the time to the onset of breakaway-type corrosion resulting from the initiation and growth of sulphides. In environments in which the Cr2O3-forming alloys developed thick sulphide scales, it was found that the iron aluminides developed and retained protective Al2O3-rich scales more effectively than the conventional Al2O3-forming alloys. At the relatively low temperatures of these tests, it was more difficult to establish the protective scale than at high temperatures, particularly on the alloys of relatively low aluminium concentration. Thus, an iron aluminide containing 16 wt% Al showed good degradation resistance under all conditions while an aluminide containing 8 wt% Al developed more extensive sulphides at 500°C that at 700°C. Overall, the resistance of the intermetallics to degradation increased with increasing aluminium concentration, although none of them showed excessive sulphidation in the 50 h test programmes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1998-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-6814
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2839
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1995-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0885-6125
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0565
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1998-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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