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  • 1995-1999  (115)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    (Table 2) Weight percent organic carbon from ODP Site 138-847 (1996)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Balsam, William L; Deaton, Bobby C (1996): Determining the composition of late Quaternary marine sediments from NUV, VIS, and NIR diffuse reflectance spectra. Marine Geology, 134(1-2), 31-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(96)00037-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: As the length of marine cores increases and sampling intervals decrease, the need for rapid and inexpensive means of determining sediment composition has become apparent. In this study we examine one potentially useful technique for assessing compositional changes in marine cores, diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. We examined near-ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared reflectance spectra from five data sets. Each data set consists of calibration samples and test samples. The calibration samples' spectra were related to a sediment component using multiple linear regression. The resulting regression or calibration equations were then evaluated using the test samples. Calibration equations were written relating spectra to several sediment components incduding carbonate (Atlantic and east Pacific Rise ODP Site 847), organic carbon content (Atlantic and east Pacific Rise), and opal content (east Pacific Rise). The correlation coefficients for the regression equations ranged from a high of 0.99 for carbonate and opal at ODP Site 847 to a low of 0.97 for Atlantic carbonate indicating that spectral variations are highly correlated to sediment composition. All of the equations include a substantial number of variables from shorter visible and longer near ultraviolet wavelengths suggesting that these wavelengths are especially important for devices designed specifically to scan marine cores. Although equations for estimating organic and carbonate content appear independent of other sediment components, the opal equation is strongly dependent on carbonate content indicating that opal concentration is correlated to carbonate content. Tests of the calibration equations indicated that all our equations reasonably estimate the pattern of changes, either down core or in surface sediments. Where our spectral estimates have difficulty is with absolute values, frequently over or underestimating observed values by a substantial amount. Within these limitations diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry can be a useful tool for characterizing marine cores and as our understanding of the relationship between spectra and mineralogy improves so will estimates of absolute values.
    Keywords: 138-847B; 138-847C; 138-847D; Carbon, organic, total; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Joides Resolution; Leg138; North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 212 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    (Table 1) Carbonate concentration of sediments from ODP Leg 164 (1998)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Balsam, William L; Deaton, Bobby C; Damuth, John E (1998): The effects of water content on diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry studies of deep-sea sediment cores. Marine Geology, 149(1-4), 177-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00033-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Sediment cores recovered during ODP drilling operations are commonly scanned using a Minolta CM-2002 spectrophotometer to obtain spectral data. Core processing procedures aboard the JOIDES Resolution require that these spectral data be measured on wet cores. However, the effects of changing water content on the spectra of marine sediments is unknown. We examined the effects of changing water content on visible light (VIS) diffuse refiectance spectra for core samples composed of clay to foraminiferal ooze. The spectra of dry powdered samples were measured, then the samples were completely saturated (~35% water content) and spectra were measured at set time intervals as the samples progressively dried. The fully saturated samples were appreciably darker than the initial dry samples. The samples continued to darken during the initial phases of drying until the water content had decreased from 35% to ~20%. As the water content continued to decrease below 20%, the samples became progressively lighter and attained spectral values similar to the fully saturated samples at water contents of ~ 17%. Samples continued to lighten until they were totally dry; however, values never became as light as those of the dry samples prior to initial wetting. Changes in refiectance with decreasing water content are not uniform across the VIS. If the water content is greater than 5%, the refiectance decrease relative to a dry sample is greater at the red end of the spectrum. However, at water contents of less than 5%, the spectral curves of the wet and dry sediments are similar in shape, but the wet sediments are still darker. Comparison of these data with data obtained from similar saturation experiments using a coarse-grained beach sand suggest that the initial darkening of the saturated carbonate sediments apparently results frorn changing of the physical properties of the sediment; decreasing the water content apparently rearranges the grains. These studies suggest that maximum information will be obtained when spectral measurements are taken on samples that are allowed to dry as much as possible.
    Keywords: 164-991A; 164-992A; 164-993A; 164-996E; 164-997A; Carbonates; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Event label; Joides Resolution; Leg164; Lithology/composition/facies; Nicaraguan Rise, North Atlantic Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; PC; Piston corer; Sample code/label; South Atlantic Ocean; V25; V25-56; Vema; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 57 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of C-Trimethylsilyl-Substituted Heterocarboranes. 18. Synthetic, Spectroscopic, Reactivity, and Bonding Studies on the Group 13 Element Metallacarboranes: Crystal Structures of 1-(CMe3)-1-Ga(2,2'-C10H8N2)-2,3-(SiMe3)2-2,3-C2B4H4, 1-(CMe3)-1-Ga(L)-2,4-(SiMe3)2-2,4-C2B4H4 [L = 2,2'-C10H8N2, 2,2'-C8H6N4], closo-1-(Me2CH)-1-In-2,4-(SiMe3)2-2,4-C2B4H4, and 1-(Me2CH)-1-In(2,2'-C10H8N2)-2,4-(SiMe3)2-2,4-C2B4H4 (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Organometallics 14 (1995), S. 5104-5118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00011a033
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utility Terrestrial Biodiversity Issues (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental management 20 (1996), S. 799-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Biodiversity; Utilities; Rights-of-way; Terrestrial; Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01205959
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A psychographic study of the elderly and retail store attributes (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of consumer marketing 13 (1996), S. 14-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-3761
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The conflicting research on the elderly has led many to question the wisdom of using age alone to segment the market. Psychographics, or lifestyle groupings, has emerged as a more robust technique of identifying distinct categories of the 65 and older market. An activities, interests, and opinions (AIO) questionnaire from 386 respondents provided data to identify five distinct groups of elderly shoppers. Significant differences were found among the five clusters with regard to the perceived importance of various retail attributes which sell over-the-counter drugs: quality of store and personnel, store characteristics, and use of coupons and discounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363769610152572
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The onset of instability in nanostructures: The role of nonlinear resonance (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 6619-6622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Classical trajectory methods are used to examine the vibrational dynamics of carbon nanotubes. The results clearly demonstrate an integral relationship between the diameter and length of a nanotube and its positional stability: tubes having diameters smaller than 0.7 nm undergo large-amplitude motion. The origin of this motion is due to strong coupling(s) between the longitudinal (vibration along the length) and a ring breathing mode (vibration about the axis of the cylinder). It is shown that the vibrational frequency of these modes follow a simple scaling law: ωc∝1/C, ωL∝1/L, where C is the contour length around the end of the tube and L is the length of the tube along its axis. This law should be applicable to any isotropic material with a cylindrical shape and provides an analytical equation for predicting mechanical stability: When the frequencies have small integer ratios with one another, in particular a 1:2 ratio, instability will occur on a short time scale (this phenomena represents a nonlinear resonance controlled by the geometry of the system). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469378
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel retinal photoreceptors (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 394 (1998), S. 27-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The rod and cone cells of the retina are thought to mediate all of the light responses of the vertebrate eye. But here we show that salmon vertebrate ancient (VA) opsin forms a functional photopigment in vitro, and is expressed in a subset of retinal horizontal and amacrine cells in vivo. These ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/27794
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An internal coordinate quantum Monte Carlo method for calculating vibrational ground state energies and wave functions of large molecules: A quantum geometric statement function approach (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 5494-5502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An internal coordinate quantum Monte Carlo (ICQMC) method using importance sampling is illustrated for a 100 atom model polyethylene chain. Importance sampling with an internal coordinate guiding wave function yields smoother, more physically reasonable wave functions and lower ground state energies than Cartesian importance sampling, in good agreement with normal coordinate analysis results. A novel geometric statement function (GSF) method for economizing expressions involving first and second derivatives of stretch, bend, and torsion internal coordinates by up to 2 orders of magnitude allows QMC calculations to be performed even for large molecules in reasonable times on standard workstations. The ICQMC method with quantum GSF is eminently suitable for large molecules with complicated, strongly coupled potential energy surfaces such as polymer chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of quantum dot-like behavior in polymer nanoparticles: Quantum drops (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 594-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent technological advances in the production of polymer particles suggests the feasibility of generating polymer nanoparticles from solution with discrete electronic structure in close analogy with quantum dots. We call these new particles quantum drops, which have controllable physical properties including radius, composition, chemical potential, and magnetic properties. We consider the electronic properties of electrons confined on the surface of these spherical polymer nanoparticles using a new Hamiltonian and semiclassical quantization. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478116
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Reforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (1999)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 7 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Only about 2.8 million ha of an estimated original 10 million ha of bottomland hardwood forests still exist in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (LMAV) of the United States. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and state agencies initiated reforestation efforts in the late 1980s to improve wildlife habitat. We surveyed restorationists responsible for reforestation in the LMAV to determine the magnitude of past and future efforts and to identify major limiting factors. Over the past 10 years, 77,698 ha have been reforested by the agencies represented in our survey and an additional 89,009 ha are targeted in the next 5 years. Oaks are the most commonly planted species and bare-root seedlings are the most commonly used planting stock. Problems with seedling availability may increase the diversity of plantings in the future. Reforestation in the LMAV is based upon principles of landscape ecology; however, local problems such as herbivory, drought, and flooding often limit success. Broad-scale hydrologic restoration is needed to fully restore the structural and functional attributes of these systems, but because of drastic and widespread hydrologic alterations and socioeconomic constraints, this goal is generally not realistic. Local hydrologic restoration and creation of specific habitat features needed by some wildlife and fish species warrant attention. More extensive analyses of plantings are needed to evaluate functional success. The Wetland Reserve Program is a positive development, but policies that provide additional financial incentives to landowners for reforestation efforts should be seriously considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72029.x
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