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  • Other Sources  (8)
  • 2005-2009  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1
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    Accelerating late Quaternary uplift of the New Georgia Island Group (Solomon island arc) in response to subduction of the recently active Woodlark spreading center and Coleman seamount (1999)
    In:  Tectonophys., Ottawa, 3-4, vol. 295, no. 3, pp. 259-306, pp. 2072, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999
    Keywords: Geol. aspects ; Subduction zone ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Theoretical Calculations on Sediment Transport on Titan, and the Possible Production of Streamlined Forms (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The Cassini Imaging Science System (ISS) has been returning images of Titan, along with other Saturnian satellites. Images taken through the 938 nm methane window see down to Titan's surface. One of the purposes of the Cassini mission is to investigate possible fluid cycling on Titan. Lemniscate features shown recently and radar evidence of surface flow prompted us to consider theoretically the creation by methane fluid flow of streamlined forms on Titan. This follows work by other groups in theoretical consideration of fluid motion on Titan's surface.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 2; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Characterization of Two-Dimensionally Braided Composites Subject to Static and Fatigue Loading (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper presents a characterization of damage processes in four different two-dimensionally braided architectures consisting of graphite fibers in an epoxy matrix, subjected to both static and fatigue loading. Both notched and unnotched specimens were tested from each architecture. Damage mechanisms in static compression testing were found to range from matrix cracking in an architecture controlled by shearing characteristics of the matrix to axial fiber bundle kinking and splitting in architectures controlled by unidirectional fiber bundles. In both static tension and tension-tension fatigue testing, it was found that all architectures sustained the same basic damage types and progression sequences. The first types of damage to occur were splits in the braider bundles and cracks in the resin rich areas. Once a sufficient density of this type of damage had occurred, the axial bundles began to disbond from the surrounding constituents, and continued to do so until ultimate failure. One architecture sustained an additional mode of failure, which involved splitting of the axial bundles along their length. Varied degrees of notch sensitivity were found among the different architectures. In one architecture, this was attributed to differences found in the stacking of the individual plys of the braided architecture. As the density of axial bundles adjacent to the notch increased, the rate of stiffness loss increased and the life decreased.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: Mechanics of Textile Composites Conference; Part 1; 33-53; NASA-CP-3311-Pt-1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Distant Secondary Craters and Age Constraints on Young Martian Terrains (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Are small (less than approx. 1 km diameter) craters on Mars and the Moon dominated by primary impacts, by secondary impacts of much larger primary craters, or are both primaries and secondaries significant? This question is critical to age constraints for young terrains and for older terrains covering small areas, where only small craters are superimposed on the unit. If the martian rayed crater Zunil is representative of large impact events on Mars, then the density of secondaries should exceed the density of primaries at diameters a factor of ~1000 smaller than that of the largest contributing primary crater. On the basis of morphology and depth/diameter measurements, most small craters on Mars could be secondaries. Two additional observations (discussed below) suggest that the production functions of Hartmann and Neukum predict too many primary craters smaller than a few hundred meters in diameter. Fewer small, high-velocity impacts may explain why there appears to be little impact regolith over Amazonian terrains. Martian terrains dated by small craters could be older than reported in recent publications.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 13; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-13
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Basaltic Ring Structures as an Analog for Ring Features in Athabasca Valles, Mars (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Basaltic ring structures (BRSs) are enigmatic, quasi-circular landforms in eastern Washington State that were first recognized in 1965. They remained a subject of geologic scrutiny through the 1970 s and subsequently faded from the spotlight, but recent Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images showing morphologically similar structures in Athabasca Valles, Mars, have sparked renewed interest in BRSs. The only known BRSs occur in the Channeled Scabland, a region where catastrophic Pleistocene floods from glacial Lake Missoula eroded into the Miocene flood basalts of the Columbia Plateau. The geologic setting of the martian ring structures (MRSs) is similar; Athabasca Valles is a young channel system that formed when catastrophic aqueous floods carved into a volcanic substrate. This study investigates the formation of terrestrial BRSs and examines the extent to which they are appropriate analogs for the MRSs in Athabasca Valles.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 10; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-10
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Mesoscale Raised Rim Depressions (MRRDs) on Earth: A Review of the Characteristics, Processes, and Spatial Distributions of Analogs for Mars (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Fields of mesoscale raised rim depressions (MRRDs) of various origins are found on Earth and Mars. Examples include rootless cones, mud volcanoes, collapsed pingos, rimmed kettle holes, and basaltic ring structures. Correct identification of MRRDs on Mars is valuable because different MRRD types have different geologic and/or climatic implications and are often associated with volcanism and/or water, which may provide locales for biotic or prebiotic activity. In order to facilitate correct identification of fields of MRRDs on Mars and their implications, this work provides a review of common terrestrial MRRD types that occur in fields. In this review, MRRDs by formation mechanism, including hydrovolcanic (phreatomagmatic cones, basaltic ring structures), sedimentological (mud volcanoes), and ice-related (pingos, volatile ice-block forms) mechanisms. For each broad mechanism, we present a comparative synopsis of (i) morphology and observations, (ii) physical formation processes, and (iii) published hypothesized locations on Mars. Because the morphology for MRRDs may be ambiguous, an additional tool is provided for distinguishing fields of MRRDs by origin on Mars, namely, spatial distribution analyses for MRRDs within fields on Earth. We find that MRRDs have both distinguishing and similar characteristics, and observation that applies both to their mesoscale morphology and to their spatial distribution statistics. Thus, this review provides tools for distinguishing between various MRRDs, while highlighting the utility of the multiple working hypotheses approach.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: GSFC.JA.5560.2011 , Planetary and Space Science; 57; 6-May; 579-596
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Mechanotransduction in bone: osteoblasts are more responsive to fluid forces than mechanical strain (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mechanical force applied to bone produces two localized mechanical signals on the cell: deformation of the extracellular matrix (substrate strain) and extracellular fluid flow. To study the effects of these stimuli on osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1 cells were grown on type I collagen-coated plastic plates and subjected to four-point bending. This technique produces uniform levels of physiological strain and fluid forces on the cells. Each of these parameters can be varied independently. Osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression was used to assess the anabolic response of MC3T3-E1 cells. When fluid forces were low, neither strain magnitude nor strain rate was correlated with OPN expression. However, higher-magnitude fluid forces significantly increased OPN message levels independently of the strain magnitude or rate. These data indicate that fluid forces, and not mechanical stretch, influence OPN expression in osteoblasts and suggest that fluid forces induced by extracellular fluid flow within the bone matrix may play an important role in bone formation in response to mechanical loading.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The American journal of physiology (ISSN 0002-9513); 273; 3 Pt 1; C810-5
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Fluid shear-induced mechanical signaling in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts requires cytoskeleton-integrin interactions (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Mechanical stimulation of bone induces new bone formation in vivo and increases the metabolic activity and gene expression of osteoblasts in culture. We investigated the role of the actin cytoskeleton and actin-membrane interactions in the transmission of mechanical signals leading to altered gene expression in cultured MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Application of fluid shear to osteoblasts caused reorganization of actin filaments into contractile stress fibers and involved recruitment of beta1-integrins and alpha-actinin to focal adhesions. Fluid shear also increased expression of two proteins linked to mechanotransduction in vivo, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the early response gene product c-fos. Inhibition of actin stress fiber development by treatment of cells with cytochalasin D, by expression of a dominant negative form of the small GTPase Rho, or by microinjection into cells of a proteolytic fragment of alpha-actinin that inhibits alpha-actinin-mediated anchoring of actin filaments to integrins at the plasma membrane each blocked fluid-shear-induced gene expression in osteoblasts. We conclude that fluid shear-induced mechanical signaling in osteoblasts leads to increased expression of COX-2 and c-Fos through a mechanism that involves reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Thus Rho-mediated stress fiber formation and the alpha-actinin-dependent anchorage of stress fibers to integrins in focal adhesions may promote fluid shear-induced metabolic changes in bone cells.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: The American journal of physiology (ISSN 0002-9513); 275; 6 Pt 1; C1591-601
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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