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  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • Chemical Engineering
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • 1995-1999  (149)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 3301-3309 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-dimensional chaotic mixing of similar Newtonian fluids in the presence of an advected dissimilar minor phase fluid body with specified size, interfacial tension, and viscosity ratio was numerically investigated. Interfacial tension was sufficiently high to allow only small deformations in the dissimilar minor phase body. Mixing was confined to a rectangular cavity with periodically driven upper and lower surfaces. Regions of regular motion (i.e., islands) of comparable size to the minor phase body were eventually destroyed or replaced by the minor phase body. Islands persisted for longer times when the initial separation distance between the minor phase body and island was large or when the viscosity ratio was small. When interfacial tension was small enough to deform the minor phase body more readily, islands showed little indication of instability. Results suggest opportunities for improving mixing uniformity in practical processes and disclose how interactions between dissimilar fluids affect mixing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2025-2035 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thomas and Windle's model of Case II transport is analyzed for a semiinfinite medium by a singular perturbation technique. Two adjacent boundary layers separate equilibrated and dry regions. A thin boundary layer of width ∼ O(M-1/2/ln M), where M (≫1) dictates how rapidly the mixture's viscosity decays with liquid concentration, sits next to the equilibrated outer left region. Here, quasi-steady diffusion balances relaxation. A thicker intermediate layer of width ∼ O(M-1/2) separates the lefthand boundary layer and the dry outer region on the right, where both relaxation and unsteady diffusion participate in the transport. Matching the solutions at leading order specifies the moving front's speed, v: v ∼ M1/2. The analysis indicates that relaxation significantly affects the nearly dry region just ahead of the moving front. This disagrees with the widely accepted view that ordinary diffusion dominates in the nearly dry righthand region. Approximating that ordinary diffusion dominates in this region leads to a stepexponential concentration profile at the front and a simple analytical solution for the front speed, v with the correct M scaling. This approximate result accurately predicts the values of v determined by direct numerical solutions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 426-429 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 591-603 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The discretized population balance (DPB) of Hounslow et al. (1988) is extended to allow the use of an adjustable discretization of the size domain of the form νi+/ν1=2 1/q (where q ≥ 1 and is an integer). All the advantages of Hounslow et al.'s original work are retained: the zeroth and third moments of the particle-size distribution are correctly predicted, and the DPB is simple to solve with no integration within each size interval. The predicted and analytical particle size distributions are in excellent agreement for the cases of nucleation and growth and aggregation alone in batch and in continuous vessels. High-order moments and self-preserving particle-size distributions are accurately predicted when q ≥ 4.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 3257-3259 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 3215-3222 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Depletion and structural interactions between dilute, large, nearly hard-sphere colloidal particles in a fluid dispersion containing much smaller nearly hard spheres were investigated as a function of small-particle concentration in sedimentation experiments. It shows that low concentrations of fine particles can destabilize larger particles due to the attractive depletion forces, while at higher concentrations of small particles, the surface-induced structural forces prevent large-size particles from approaching each other and thereby stabilize the large-particle suspension. A theoretical model based on the Ornstein-Zernike method was used to calculate the interparticle interactions in a bidis-persed colloidal system in which small particles are polydispersed. The theoretical re-sults explain the experimental observations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 3260-3263 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 15 (1996), S. 48-51 
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Implementing an Inherent SHE Review process is under way at the Exxon Chemical Company and progress is being made in the pursuit of inherently safer, healtheir, and environmentally friendly processes. The review integrates well with the company's systems for process safety management, new product development, and project execution. In addition, the Inherent SHE Review process has been quite helpful in educating the organization with regard to the appoprite use of the laboratory in developing reactive chemistry understanding during product and process development. Another benefit of the Inherent SHE Review process is the proactive involvement of industrial hygiene early in the product development and project execution processes.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 14 (1995), S. 71-76 
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An ARCTM or similar experimental apparatus provides the transient temperature history of a chemical system under adiabatic conditions. The information obtained has several applications in the design and operation of industrial systems. Of particular interest is use of the adiabatic kinetic data to define “intervention strategies” based on “allowable response times” during an emergency.The time-temperature behavior of industrial reactors can be simulated over a limited temperature range by matching the “thermal inertia” (or φ-factor) of the experimental system to that of the full-scale system. This approach is applicable even for complex reactions, minimizes the extrapolation of data, and allows the use of simple models for data interpretation. Simulation results directly give the time available to respond in the event of a thermal runaway; this in turn defines the design requirements for an intervention scheme (e.g., emergency cooling, blow down, quench, etc.). The chosen intervention system can be tested experimentally prior to and/or during process start-up.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 170-179 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The viscoelasticity of latex/PS beads composites, having the same volume content of latex and PS beads, but various porosity ratios and specific surfaces of particles has been investigated in the glass temperature range of the latex matrix. In order to give evidence for the main factors governing the viscoelastic properties, data were compared to numerical simulations based on the Christensen and Lo model and Skorokhod's approach. Such modelings were performed by considering either the latex matrix of the PS beads as the continuous phase. It was concluded that the glassy modulus is mainly governed by the volume fraction of porosity, while the rubbery modulus is controlled by both the interactions between phases and the void volume content. The location of the mechanical relaxation seems to be governed by the mechanical coupling between phases, which implies some local phase inversion. The magnitude of the mechanical relaxation depends not only on the chemical coupling induced by the interactions between phases, but also on the mechanical coupling.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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