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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 19 (1997), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Over recent years, evidence has been accumulating in favour of the free radical theory of aging, first proposed by Harman. Despite this, an understanding of the mechanism by which cells might succumb to the effects of free radicals has proved elusive. This paper proposes such a mechanism, based on a previously unexplored hypothesis for the proliferation of mutant mitochondrial DNA: that mitochondria with reduced respiratory function, due to a mutation or deletion affecting the respiratory chain, suffer less frequent lysosomal degradation, because they inflict free radical damage more slowly on their own membranes. Once such a mutation occurs in a mitochondrion of a non-dividing cell, therefore, mitochondria carrying it will rapidly populate that cell, thereby destroying the cell's respiratory capability. The accumulation of cells that have undergone this transition results in aging at the organismal level. The consistency of the hypothesis with known facts is discussed, and technically feasible tests are suggested, of both the proposed mechanism and its overall contribution to mammalian aging.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 496-512 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: 3D reconstruction ; Computer-aided reconstruction ; Database ; Serial sectioning ; Contour model ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This paper describes a structured approach for a standard setup of a computer program for 3D reconstruction from serial sections. Three-dimensional reconstruction as a technique increases in importance as, along with modern immunohistochemical techniques, it is a tool in the understanding of three-dimensional development patterns. In order to apply 3D reconstruction technique in a standard laboratory setup, an attempt was made to streamline the input and the manipulation of the data such that results are obtained easily. One will find a combination of two approaches in this paper: the first is a strict ordering of the complex data, and the second is an ordering of the processes that one wishes to apply on the data (together, these two approaches constitute an information analysis); because it was observed that developmental biologists tend to work from simple lines to describe their observations, the contour model was chosen as the vehicle to build a reconstruction model from. Consequently, the data is ordered in a database that has to be manipulated to get the data out in the desired format. The most important output format is a display of the reconstructed contour stack on a graphical computer screen. Together with the other data manipulation processes, such as the input, the inspection, the revision (correction), and the reconstruction, all processes are described using the reconstruction of an 11 embryonic days (ED) rat embryo as an example. Finally, the merits of the program are illustrated with an example from the development of the human embryonic heart. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: EGF-like ligands ; Postnatal development ; RT-PCR ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunoblotting ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Amphiregulin (Ar) and Cripto-1 (Cr-1) are growth promoting peptides that share amino acid sequence homology with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The present study examined Ar and Cr-1 mRNA and protein expression during various stages of C57BL/6 mouse mammary morphogenesis. Reverse transciption-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect transcripts for Ar and Cr-1 at all stages of mammary development. Immunocytochemical (ICC) localization demonstrated that in virgin 4-week to mature 12-week-old mouse fourth inguinal mammary gland, Ar and Cr-1 are expressed in the stromal cells, luminal epithelial cells, and myoepithelial cells of the branching ducts. Ar, and to lesser extent Cr-1, were also found in the epithelial cap cells and in the luminal epithelial cells of the advancing terminal end bud (TEB) from virgin 4-week and 6-week-old mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated that both Ar (28 and 26 kDa) and Cr-1 (90, 67, 56, and 21 kDa) proteins are expressed in virgin, 13.5 day midpregnant and in the 14 day lactating mammary gland. In addition, Ar and Cr-1 are associated with developing alveolar structures as determined by ICC. These results imply that together with EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), Ar and Cr-1 may play salient roles as modifiers in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the mammary gland. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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