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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (20)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (13)
  • 1995-1999  (33)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental manipulation of γ-tubulin distribution in arabidopsis using anti-microtubule drugs (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 31 (1995), S. 113-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; centrosome ; CIPC ; colchicine ; cytokinesis ; γ-tubulin ; microtubule ; mitosis ; phragmoplast ; taxol ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: γ-Tubulin-specific antibodies stain the microtubule (Mt) arrays of Arabidopsis suspension cells in a punctate or patchy manner. During division, staining of kinetochore fibers and the phragmoplast is extensive, except in the vicinity of the plus ends at the metaphase plate and cell plate. γ-Tubulin localization responds to low levels of colchicine, with staining receding farther toward the minus (pole) ends of kinetochore fibers. At higher drug concentrations, γ-tubulin also associates with abnormal Mt foci as well as with the surface of the daughter nuclei facing the phragmoplast. During UV-induced recovery from colchicine, γ-tubulin increases along the presumptive minus ends of mitotic Mts as well as the phragmoplast near the daughter nuclei. With CIPC, immunostaining is concentrated around the centers of focal Mt arrays in multipolar spindles. In the presence of taxol, Mts are more prominent but the mitotic apparatus and phragmoplast are abnormal. As with CIPC, γ-tubulin is concentrated at focal arrays. Increased punctate staining is also present in interphase arrays, with fluorescent dots often located at the ends of Mts. These results support a preferential association between γ-tubulin and Mt minus ends, but are also consistent with more general binding along the walls of Mts. Thus, minus ends (and Mt nucleation sites) may be present throughout plant Mt arrays, but γ-tubulin may also serve another function, such as in structural stabilization.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970310204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of stimulatory and inhibitory amino acids for development of hamster one-cell embryos in vitro (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 42 (1995), S. 188-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Hamster ; Embryo ; Amino acids ; Culture media ; HECM-6 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hamster embryo development to the blastocyst stage in vitro can be modulated by amino acids. This series of experiments employed both empirically and statistically designed approaches to elucidate which of 20 amino acids inhibit or stimulate development and to devise a complement of amino acids that best supports in vitro development of hamster 1-cell embryos. Development and/or mean cell number were significantly inhibited by the presence of leucine, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, arginine, methionine, or cysteine (at 0.5 mM) and isoleucine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan (at 0.05 mM). Three amino acids - glutamine, taurine, and glycine - were stimulatory and in combination improved development; the culture medium containing these amino acids was designated Hamster Embryo Culture Medium-5. Moreover, addition of another eight amino acids - asparagine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, proline and cysteine (medium designated HECM-6) - had a significant stimulatory effect on development over previously formulated culture media for hamster embryos. These results demonstrated that amino acids, alone and in combination, can markedly stimulate or inhibit hamster embryo development in vitro up to the blastocyst stage. Embryo transfer experiments showed that HECM-5 and -6 (chemically defined, protein-free culture media) supported normal preimplantation embryo development in vitro. This study also indicates that empirically designed embryo culture media formulations can be as effective as those obtained by application of statistical methodologies. © 1995 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080420208
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, culture, and characterization of equine oviduct epithelial cells in vitro (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 468-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Horse ; Steroid ; Protein ; Basal lamina ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Oviduct epithelial cells (OEC) increasingly are used to support embryonic development and to study gamete interactions with the female reproductive tract in vitro. This series of experiments was designed to characterize monolayers derived from oviduct epithelium. Epithelial cells harvested from the isthmus and ampulla of the oviducts of five estrous mares were cultured with or without the basal lamina extract, Matrigel. Within each group OEC were cultured in the presence of either estradiol-17β or a carrier control. All groups were subcultured three times. Epithelial cell morphology and function were examined by microscopy, analysis of secreted proteins, and immunocytochemistry. Epithelial cells attached more rapidly and reached confluence sooner when cultured on Matrigel than in uncoated wells. Cells showed variable evidence of ciliary activity up to 12 days in primary culture. Cells grown on Matrigel had a more polarized appearance in primary culture than those in uncoated wells, although no morphologic difference between anatomic site of origin or between steroid treated groups was noted. Anatomic site of origin had no effect, and steroid treatment had minimal effects, on patterns of secreted proteins. However, some differences were noted in protein secretion between cells grown with or without Matrigel. These data suggest that culture substrate may affect structure and function of OEC monolayers. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410409
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of comparative reasoning tools for evaluation of the effect of sterilization conditions on fermentations to produce acidic fibroblast growth factor (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 688-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: acidic fibroblast growth factor ; Escherichia coli ; sterilization ; comparative reasoning tools ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of various medium sterilization conditions on fermentations of a recombinant, acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) producing Escherichia coli have been studied. Changes in the medium resulting from sterilization were monitored by pH and absorption spectra. This simple experiment provided excellent data for the demonstration of the usefulness of comparative reasoning tools in order to evaluate the effect of sterilization on fermentation performance. The time profiles of the main parameters (e.g., carbon dioxide evolution rate, dissolved oxygen, pH, and aFGF productivity) were simplified into piecewise contiguous linear segments, each of which was sequentially numbered. The length, position, and slope of each tine were then characterized. Application of the comparative reasoning tools confirmed that separate sterilization of the glucose was necessary for the success of the process, despite adding to the cost and complexity. The comparative data analysis also showed that scaleup with longer sterilization holding and cooling times would not be detrimental to aFGF production. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470609
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instructive induction of prostate growth and differentiation by a defined urogenital sinus mesenchyme (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 319-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Rat ; Prostate ; Epithelium ; Stroma ; Cytodifferentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Instructive influences of fetal mesenchyme were examined in heterotypic tissue recombinants consisting of urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM) from male and female rats and distal ductal tips from adult rat prostate. Tissues were grown under the renal capsule of male hosts for periods up to 28 days. Resultant growths exhibited typical prostate histology. Expression of lobe-specific proteins for the ventral (prostatic steroid binding protein [PSBP]) lateral (seminal vesicle secretion II [SVS II]), and dorsal prostate (secretory transglutaminase [TGase]) were examined by immunocytochemistry. Male or female UGM combined with terminal segments of the ventral or dorsal prostate and immunolabeled with antibodies to lobe-specific proteins demonstrated expression of all three secretory products. The pattern of staining was consistent with a compound inductive response from the UGM. Unique to this study was our ability to use a defined mesenchymal tissue (female ventral mesenchymal pad [VMP]). This tissue is specifically associated with ductal branching morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the ventral prostate. Distal ductal tips from the dorsal lobe of the adult male prostate when recombined with female VMP and grown in vivo exhibited transformation of secretory phenotype, and the epithelium expressed mRNAs for PSBP. Immunocytochemistry of serial sections did not demonstrate labeling for TGase in the new epithelial growth. Ultrastructural analysis of the heterotypic recombinants indicated that the epithelium had similar characteristics to those of normal ventral prostate. Early stages of the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions resulted in dedifferentiation of the adult epithelium to solid cords of stratified cells. These findings illustrate the potent instructive capacity of a defined fetal UGM to influence development and cytodifferentiation of adult prostate epithelium. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epididymal epithelium: Its contribution to the formation of a luminal fluid microenvironment (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Transport ; Proteins ; Ions ; Micropuncture ; Tight junctions ; Permeability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: To understand the process of sperm maturation, an understanding of interactions between the spermatozoa with the luminal fluid microenvironment and with the epididymal epithelium is necessary. The composition of epididymal luminal fluid of several species is well documented but the manner by which the epididymis contributes to the formation of this specialized milieu is not so well understood. A major role played by the epididymis is to finely regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the lumen. This ensures that as spermatozoa progress along the duct they are exposed to a continually changing, but optimal environment necessary for their maturation and survival. This review focusses on our current understanding of the contributions of the epididymal epithelium to the formation of a specialized luminal fluid microenvironment. The role of the blood-epididymis barrier, the composition of the epididymal luminal fluid, the permeability properties of the epididymal epithelium, and recent studies on a number of luminal fluid proteins and expression of the genes which encode these proteins are discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malcolm Lilly (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 525-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UCL biochemical engineering (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No abstract.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functionalized dendritic polybenzylethers as acid/base buffers for biocatalysis in nonpolar solvents (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: organic phase buffers ; dendrimers ; subtilisin Carlsberg ; α-chymotrypsin ; low water ; enzyme ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A carboxylic acid functionalized dendritic polybenzyl ether has been synthesized and used with its sodium salt to generate a novel acid/base buffer soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. The effect of different ratios of the two buffer forms on the catalytic activity of subtilisin Carlsberg and chymotrypsin was investigated in toluene. It was found that reproducible transesterification rates were obtained at each molar ratio consistent with a buffering effect. As the molar ratio of the sodium salt to acid was increased there was a corresponding increase in the catalytic activity of both enzymes although their profiles were not identical. This is consistent with a requirement for deprotonation of a residue at active site of the enzyme as observed in aqueous solution. The ability to alter and precisely control the ionization state of biocatalysts in nonpolar solvents may find useful applications for both fundamental studies and in syntheses where reactants or products have acid/base properties. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 278-282, 1997.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fed-batch culture of recombinant NS0 myeloma cells with high monoclonal antibody production (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 783-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: NS0 myeloma cells ; glutamine synthetase ; fed-batch culture ; cellular metabolism ; lactate consumption ; humanized monoclonal antibody ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An amplified NS0 cell line transfected with a vector expressing a humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb) against CD-18 and glutamine synthetase (GS) was cultivated in a 1.5 L fed-batch culture using a serum-free, glutamine-free medium. Concentrated solutions of key nutrient components were fed periodically using a simple feeding control strategy. Feeding amounts were adjusted daily based on the integral of viable cell concentration over time (IVC) and assumed constant specific nutrient consumption rates or yields to maintain concentrations of the key nutrient components around their initial levels. On-line oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurement was used to aid empirically the adjustment of the feeding time points and amounts by inferring time points of nutrient depletion. Through effective nutritional control, both cell growth phase and culture lifetime were prolonged significantly, resulting in a maximal viable cell concentration of 6.6 × 109 cells/L and a final IVC of 1.6 × 1012 cells-h/L at 672 h. The final MAb concentration reached more than 2.7 g/L. In this fed-batch culture, cellular metabolism shifts were repeatedly observed. Accompanying the culture phase transition from the exponential growth to the stationary phase, lactate, which was produced in the exponential growth phase, became consumed. The time point at which this metabolism shift occurred corresponded to that of rapid decrease of OUR, which most likely was caused by nutrient depletion. This transition coincided with the onset of ammonia, glutamate and glutamine accumulation. With removal of the nutrient depletion by increasing the daily nutrient feeding amount, OUR recovered and viable cell concentration increased, while cell metabolism shifted again. Instead of consumption, lactate became produced again. These results suggest close relationships among nutrient depletion, cell metabolism transition, and cell death. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 783-792, 1997.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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