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  • Springer  (215)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (24)
  • 1995-1999  (213)
  • 1975-1979  (26)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [32P]-labeled ATPase was isolated in a highly purified state fromMicrococcus lysodeikticus strain PNB grown in medium supplemented with [32P]orthophosphate. Selective extraction procedures allowed us to determine that at least 25% of the firmly bound label belonged to adenine nucleotides, ATP and ADP being present in equimolar amounts. However, no32P label was found to be part of phospholipids. This was confirmed by purification of the ATPase from cells fed with [2—3H]glycerol. Using the luciferin-luciferase assay we estimated that ATPase freshly isolated by Sephadex chromatography (specific activity 10–14 µmole substrate transformed · min−1 · mg protein−1) contained 2 moles ATP/mole of enzyme. The ratio fell with the age of enzyme and its purification by gel electrophoresis and this was paralleled by a loss of ATPase activity. The endogenous nucleotides were readily exchanged by added ADP or ATP. This result suggests that the sites for tight binding of adenine nucleotides are equivalent, although ADP seems to have a higher affinity for them. The last properties represent a peculiar characteristic of this bacterial ATPase as compared with other bacterial and organelle energy-transducing proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments were performed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of liquid smoke (LS), against E. coli O157:H7, in model (agar) and meat systems. The effects of 8% LS on growth of E. coli O157:H7 attached to ground beef, and 1.5% LS on warmed-over flavor (WOF) in precooked beef patties were also studied. E. coli O157:H7 growth was reduced (p〈0.05) 2.3 log10 CFU/g in ground beef patties after 3d refrigerated storage. TBA numbers, aroma scores and pH values were lower (p〈0.05) in LS treated beef patties. LS reduced undesirable flavor development and may help assure the safety of beef products.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This note describes some of the safety and security concerns posed by the transportation of highly enriched uranium (HEU) from a nuclear research reactor located in Bogota (Colombia) to a port on the Colombian Caribbean coast. The operation was made at a moment of extremely high guerilla activity in Colombia, so that the decision-problem belongs in the extension of risk analysis known as threat analysis. By invoking a principle of dispreference for probability based on the concept of stochastic dominance, a qualitative risk comparison was made between the road and air alternatives.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objective of this study was to characterize grain yield and adaptation of barley cultivars released in recent decades in north-eastern Spain. Ten six-rowed and 10 two-rowed barley genotypes were grown in eight environments. Mean yields varied among environments between 1.7 and 5.8 tha−1. New releases showed higher mean yields and were specifically adapted to nonlimiting growing conditions. The average genetic advances were estimated as 40.7 and 32.9 kg ha−1 years−1 for two- and six-rowed genotypes, respectively, in the four most productive environments. Old genotypes, with lower overall grain yields, were specifically adapted to the poorer sites. A negative genetic gain, estimated as -14.8kg ha−1 years−1. was reorded for six-rowed culiivars in the four poorest sites. No significant association was observed between heading date and year of release. Variations in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) were examined to assess whether changes in adaptation could be partially explained by shifts in the genoiypic transpiration efficiency (TE) over time, in the most favourable environments, new releases showed the highest grain yields and carbon isotope discrimination values (Δ). By contrast, older cultivars had constitutively? lower Δs and therefore higher TEs. These results suggest a genetic association between low TE and yield potential and specific adaptation to stress-free conditions so that selection for yield under favourable conditions could have resulted in an indirect downward genetic shift in the TE of modern cultivars.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A collection of 26 cultivars of wheat Triticum aestivum were screened for resistance against the two main aphid pests of cereals, the greenbug Schizaphis graminum Rond. and the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko. Since genetic variability has been found in Argentinean populations of both aphid species, this work was aimed at determining the response of different types of resistance in wheat cultivars when infested with aphids. Antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance were evaluated with traditional tests in controlled environmental conditions using a clone of greenbug biotype C and a clone of RWA collected on wheat. Genetic resistance was found against one or both aphid species in several wheats. Most of the highest levels of antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance against the two aphids occurred in different cultivars; as a consequence the resistance mechanisms for both pests appear to be partly independent. Antibiosis against greenbug or RWA appears to be determined by two different sets of genes, one affecting development time and the other reducing fecundity and longevity. The antibiosis against both aphid species in terms of their development time and the intrinsic rate of population increase resulted in a partial cross effect of these aphid traits against the alternative insect species. Nonetheless, the same cultivars affected the total fertility and the longevity of both aphids. Since the highest plant performance levels and the least plant damage were recorded in different wheats, different patterns of tolerance were displayed against the greenbug and the RWA. Consequently, different genes appear to be involved in several traits of the resistance mechanisms against the two aphids. The genes that independently conferred resistance to aphids could be combined in new cultivars of wheat to broaden their genetic base of resistance against the greenbug and the RWA.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 13 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A descriptive training program involves the development of standardized practices or a common frame of reference. This paper reviews concepts and procedures on developing a qualitative frame of reference (i.e., the development of a common lexicon, language), and discusses the different alternatives for quantitative frames of reference. Different quantitative frames of reference can be established depending on the philosophy chosen to rate attribute intensities. The three philosophies presented in this manuscript are the universal, product specific and attribute specific scaling approaches. The advantages, disadvantages and uses of each of these techniques are discussed. A well trained panel has sound common qualitative and quantitative frames of reference used in product evaluations. A low panel variability is obtained when both frames of reference are successfully implemented and used.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 11 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the multifaceted category research study described herein, several category appraisal studies are conducted (e.g., consumer, descriptive, instrumental). The main applications of this approach are (1) the thorough understanding of the product category in terms of the products’ characteristics and its consumer responses, and (2) the establishment of a data base used to interpret the category's consumer responses through laboratory data (e.g., descriptive, instrumental data).A multifaceted category research study was completed for commercial hot dogs to demonstrate the methodology and the applications of this approach. The descriptive category review showed two main segments of products with unique flavor and texture characteristics: a meat and a poultry/grain segment. Through consumer-descriptive data relationships, the product category's critical attributes (i.e., attributes that affect consumer liking), and the attributes that signal consumer responses of interest were identified. The hot dogs’ critical attributes needed to ensure high liking are: cured meat, smoke, moistness, moisture release, cohesiveness, cohesiveness of mass, oiliness, fat aromatic, sweetness and saltiness. Descriptive attributes that signal consumer HOT DOG FLAVOR and CHEWINESS were also identified.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 36 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A numerical model was developed to describe the bioremediation of hydrocarbons in ground water aquifers considering aerobic degradation. The model solves the independent transport of three solutes (oxygen, hydrocarbons, and microorganisms) in ground water flow using the method of characteristics. Interactions between the three solutes, in which oxygen and hydrocarbons are consumed by microorganisms, are represented by Monod kinetics, solved using a Runge-Kutta method. Model simulations showed good correlation as compared with results of soil column experiments. The model was used to estimate the time needed to remediate the columns, which varied from one to two years.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 27 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Growth and survival of the Catarina scallop, Argopecten circularis (Sowerby), were determined in relation to stocking density and length of culture period. Data were analysed by means of the von Bertalanffy growth equation and the weight-length allometric relationship. A mortality equation was empirically derived from the experimental data. Stocking density significantly affected both growth (P〈0.05) and mortality parameters (P〈0.01). The coefficients for the weight-length relationship. however, were not affected by stocking density. Mortality was highly variable, both during the culture period and between the different stocking densities. Two mortality patterns were identified. One was associated with post-spawning mortality and lower stocking rates. The other occurred at high densities where increased temperatures and overstocking provoked high mortalities and extremely divergent survival responses. The results showed that mortality, rather than growth, reflects more accurately the effects of density, and that better survival is not necessarily produced by stocking at the lowest rate.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: One of the main limiting factors in the use of artificial incubation techniques on crayfish farms has been the widespread belief that eggs should be stripped from females in the late stages of embryogenesis. In order to disprove this idea, three different times for egg removal were tested in white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet): (1) just before the gastrulation process (mean degree days= 335, 34 days after spawning); (2) when the embryo was between the closing of the blastopore and the appearance of mandibular rudiments (mean degree days= 524, 56 days after spawning); and (3) when the embryo had thoracic appendage rudiments (mean degree days= 810, 92 days after spawning). The results showed that it is possible to attain acceptable survival rates up to juvenile stage 2 (51%), even when eggs have been detached at the earliest time (34 days after spawning), in such a way that artificial incubation is used for more than three-quarters (75.7%) of the total duration of the embryonic development. Factors such as the incubation device, water quality and incubation conditions have a major influence on the success of the process. Finally, a critical period was observed during the last stages of development in the present study, particularly between the eyed stage and juvenile stage 2, with mortality rates of between 26.7% and 56%.
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