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  • Springer  (33)
  • Oxford University Press  (7)
  • 1995-1999  (40)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mycorrhizal colonization of six wetland plant species at sites differing in land use history (1999)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 9 (1999), S. 233-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Wetlands ; Mycorrhizal fungi ; Land use history ; Restoration ecology ; Soil ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Five wetland prairie sites and six native plant species in western Oregon were examined to determine patterns of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAMF) colonization. The sites differed in type and intensity of past land use. VAMF colonization was tested in situ on seedlings from both field-sown seeds and from transplants. Colonization was measured as the percentage of root length with arbuscles or vesicles. All species (Deschampsia cespitosa, Downingia elegans, Eriophyllum lanatum, Hordeum brachyantherum, Microseris laciniata, and Plagiobothrys figuratus) became colonized by VAMF during the study. This is the first report of mycorrhizal colonization of these important native species. All sites supported mycorrhizal colonization of some of the experimental species. Average VAMF colonization ranged from 58% to 92% but was unrelated to subjective rankings of land use intensity. These results suggest that VAMF inoculum at all sites was sufficient to support revegetation by at least some species of native plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050272
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sampling scale on the assessment of epiphytic bacterial populations (1995)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 29 (1995), S. 283-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial populations on above-ground plant surfaces were estimated at three different biological scales, including leaflet disks, entire leaflets, and whole plants. The influence of sample scale on the estimation of mean bacterial population size per unit and per gram and on the variability among sampling units was quantified at each scale. Populations were highly variable among sampling units at every scale examined, suggesting that there is no optimal scale at which sample variance is reduced. The distribution of population sizes among sample units was sometimes, but not consistently, described by the lognormal. Regardless of the sampling scale, expression of population sizes on a per gram basis may not reduce variance, because population size was not generally a function of sample unit weight within any single sampling scale. In addition, the data show that scaling populations on a per gram basis does not provide a useful means of comparing population estimates from samples taken at different scales. The implications of these results for designing sampling strategies to address specific issues in microbial ecology are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164891
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride Treatment Increased Serum IGF-1, Bone Turnover, and Bone Mass, but Not Bone Strength, in Rabbits (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 77 -83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone density — Bone — Fluoride — Biomechanics — IGF-1—Mineralization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We hypothesized that fluoride partly acts by changing the levels of circulating calcium-regulating hormones and skeletal growth factors. The effects of oral fluoride on 24 female, Dutch-Belted, young adult rabbits were studied. The rabbits were divided into two study groups, one control and the other receiving about 16 mg fluoride/rabbit/day in their drinking water. After 6 months of fluoride dosing, all rabbits were euthanized and bone and blood samples were taken for analyses. Fluoride treatment increased serum and bone fluoride levels by over an order of magnitude (P 〈 0.001), but did not affect body weight or the following serum biochemical variables: urea, creatinine, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, SGOT, or total alkaline phosphatase. No skeletal fluorosis or osteomalacia was observed histologically, nor did fluoride affect serum PTH or Vitamin D metabolites (P 〉 0.4). BAP was increased 37% (P 〈 0.05) by fluoride; serum TRAP was increased 42% (P 〈 0.05); serum IGF-1 was increased 40% (P 〈 0.05). Fluoride increased the vertebral BV/TV by 35% (P 〈 0.05) and tibial ash weight by 10% (P 〈 0.05). However, the increases in bone mass and bone formation were not reflected in improved bone strength. Fluoride decreased bone strength by about 19% in the L5 vertebra (P 〈 0.01) and 25% in the femoral neck (P 〈 0.05). X-ray diffraction showed altered mineral crystal thickness in fluoride-treated bones (P 〈 0.001), and there was a negative association between crystal width and fracture stress of the femur (P 〈 0.02). In conclusion, fluoride's effects on bone mass and bone turnover were not mediated by PTH. IGF-1 was increased by fluoride and was associated with increased bone turnover, but was not correlated with bone formation markers. High-dose fluoride treatment did not improve, but decreased, bone strength in rabbits, even in the absence of impaired mineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900299
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide and cellular respiration (1999)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 56 (1999), S. 549-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Cytochrome oxidase; respiration; inhibition; intermediates; mechanism; NO degradation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a signalling molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes (e.g., smooth muscle relaxation, inflammation, neurotransmission, apoptosis) has been elaborated during the last decade. Since NO has also been found to inhibit cellular respiration, we review here the available information on the interactions of NO with cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain. The effect of NO on cellular respiration is first summarized to present essential evidence for the fact that NO is a potent reversible inhibitor of in vivo O2 consumption. This information is then correlated with available experimental evidence on the reactions of NO with purified COX. Finally, since COX has been proposed to catalyze the degradation of NO into either nitrous oxide (N2O) or nitrite, we consider the putative role of this enzyme in the catabolism of NO in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050452
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melilitites: partial melts of the thermal boundary layer? (1995)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 119 (1995), S. 181-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Silica-poor, calcium-rich melilitites form a chemical and isotopic end-member of the spectrum of mafic magmas of the Tertiary-Quaternary volcanic province of western and central Europe. We propose that these unusual magmas are derived by partial melting of the thermal boundary layer (TBL) at the base of the European lithosphere. The processes involved in the evolution of the TBL have been constrained using major and trace element and Nd-Sr-Pb isotope data for Tertiary melilitites from the Urach, Hegau, and Rhine graben regions of Germany. The initiation of boundary layer evolution is limited in time by a major phase of Permo-Carboniferous rifting and associated magmatism postdating the Hercynian orogeny which would have destroyed the existing TBL by delamination. Model calculations indicate that the isotopic composition of the melilitite source cannot develop within the TBL over geologically reasonable periods of time (250–300 Million years) if the TBL evolves solely by incorporation of small degree (〈 0.1%) partial melts from an underlying, convecting, depleted (MORB-source) mantle reservoir. On the basis of this observation, the regional geodynamic setting and the melilitite data, we propose that an isotopically distinct mantle plume, impinging on the base of the European lithosphere during the Early Cenozoic, is involved in the petrogenesis of the melilitite magmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A family exhibiting heteroplasmy in the human mitochondrial DNA control region reveals both somatic mosaicism and pronounced segregation of mitotypes (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 100 (1997), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A family exhibiting heteroplasmy at position 16 355 in hypervariable region I of the human mtDNA control region has been identified. This family consists of a mother, daughter, and son. DNA samples extracted from blood stains, buccal swabs, and hairs from these individuals were amplified by PCR and sequenced utilizing fluoresence-labeled dye terminator chemistry in an automated DNA sequencer. In both the daughter and mother, heteroplasmy was observed in DNA extracted from blood stains, buccal swabs, and hairs. In the blood stains, the proportion of cytosine was greater than thymine in both individuals. Buccal swab extracts showed a more balanced contribution from the two nucleotides. Telogenic hair root and hair shaft samples exhibited a wide range of nucleotide contributions at this position, from predominately cytosine in some samples to predominately thymine in others. The apparent stochastic segregation of mitotypes in hair samples is discussed from a forensic viewpoint, and the mechanism of mtDNA heteroplasmy is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050485
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reverse spelling of an FPrt-universal word in two letters (1996)
    Springer
    Algebra universalis 36 (1996), S. 202-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8911
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract ForX a set the expression Prt(X) denotes the composition monoid of all functionsf ⫅X ×X. Fork a positive integer the letterk denotes also the set of all nonnegative integers less thank. Whenk 〉 1 the expression rk denotes the connected injective element {〈i, i + 1〉∶i ε k − 1} in Prt (k). We show for every word w=w(x,y) in a two-letter alphabet that if the equation w(x, y)=rk has a solution 〈x, y〉=〈x,y) ε2Prt(k) then ¯w(x,y)=rk also has a solution in2Prt(k), where ¯w is the word obtained by spelling the wordw backwards. It is a consequence of this theorem that if for every finite setX and for everyf ε Prt(X) the equation w(x,y)=f has a solution in2Prt(X) then for every suchX andf the equation ¯w(x, y)=f has a solution in2Prt(X).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01234105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Killing of the Yeast and Hyphal Forms of Candida albicans Using a Light-Activated Antimicrobial Agent (1999)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 14 (1999), S. 150-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords:Candida albicansCandidosis; Hyphae; Lethal photosensitisation; Toluidine blue O; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract. Oral infections due to Candida albicans are a common occurrence in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the yeast and hyphal forms of the organism could be killed using the light-activated antimicrobial agent toluidine blue O (TBO). Three variables were investigated: TBO concentration, laser light dose and pre-irradiation time (PIT). Irradiation with light from a helium neon (HeNe) gas laser used in conjunction with the photosensitiser TBO resulted in substantial kills of both the yeast and hyphal forms. Killing was light dose-dependent with 42 J being the most effective dose. The optimum PIT for the yeast form was 5 min, whereas killing of the hyphal form was not affected by PIT. The results of this study have shown that both forms of C. albicans are susceptible to lethal photosensitisation using TBO in conjunction with HeNe laser light, suggesting the possibility that this approach could be useful for eliminating the organism from diseased lesions in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101030050037
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocontrol of aerial plant diseases in agriculture and horticulture: current approaches and future prospects (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 19 (1997), S. 188-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: biological control; foliar disease; fungi; bacteria; mycoparasite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Until recently, the majority of research on the biological control of aerial plant diseases was focused on control of bacterial pathogens. Such research led to the commercialization of the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, as BlightBan A506™, for control of fire blight of pear. In contrast, chemical fungicides typically have provided adequate control of most foliar fungal pathogens. However, fungicide resistance problems, concerns regarding pesticide residues and revocation of registration of certain widely used fungicides have led to increased activity in the development of biocontrol agents of foliar fungal pathogens. Much of this activity has centered around the use of Trichoderma spp and Gliocladium spp to control Botrytis cinerea on grape and strawberry. The biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum T39 is commercially available in Israel, as Trichodex ™, for control of grey mold in grapes and may soon be registered for use in the US. Also targeted primarily against a foliar disease of grapes, in this case powdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator, is the biocontrol agent Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ10, marketed as AQ10  TM biofungicide. Another promising development in the area of foliar disease control, though one which is not yet commercialized, is the use of rhizobacteria as seed treatments to induce systemic resistance in the host plant, a strategy which can protect the plant against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900436
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous water transport properties of Portland and blended cement-based materials (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1999), S. 1925-1927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006677014070
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