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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proceedings of CIWEM Symposium on ‘A Unique Approach to Metropolitan Water Supply - The Thames Water Ring Main’ (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb00961.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Trapped Gas on Dissolved Oxygen Transport — Implications for In Situ Bioremediation (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 34 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In situ bioremediation of contaminated aquifers is often limited by the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the ground water. Various methods have been used to increase dissolved oxygen concentrations in ground water, but the effect of a trapped gas phase on the distribution and transport of dissolved oxygen needs to be understood. The two-dimensional transport of dissolved oxygen is investigated in experiments conducted in a large-scale physical aquifer model (2 m × 4 m × 0.2 m) where a gas phase is trapped in the pore spaces of an otherwise-saturated porous medium. The transport of dissolved oxygen is shown to be retarded up to 11.2 times the transport of the bulk water due to the mass transfer of oxygen between the aqueous phase and the trapped gas phase. The theoretical model for dissolved gas transport in the presence of a trapped gas phase is evaluated in a two-dimensional ground-water flow field using the U.S.G.S. numerical model MOC. The results show that dissolved oxygen transport can be modeled with the advection-dispersion equation with linear equilibrium mass transfer but only when the longitudinal dispersion is increased compared to the value determined using a bromide tracer of the water flow. Increased longitudinal dispersion of the dissolved oxygen plume may be due to a temporally or spatially varying retardation factor or rate-limited mass transfer. The presence of even a small amount of a trapped gas phase in an aquifer will significantly affect the distribution and transport of dissolved oxygen (trapped gas filling only 5% of the pore space will cause a retardation factor for oxygen of 2.6 at T = 15°C) and thus should be considered when designing ways to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in ground water for in situ bioremediation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb01880.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial Variability in In Situ Aerobic Respiration and Denitrification Rates in a Petroleum-Contaminated Aquifer (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 36 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: An extensive series of single-well, push-pull tests was performed to quantify horizontal and vertical spatial variability in aerobic respiration and denitrification rates in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer. The results indicated rapid consumption of injected O2 or NO3− in shallow and deep test intervals across a large portion of the site. Computed first-order rate coefficients for aerobic respiration ranged from 0.15 to 1.69 h−1 in the shallow test interval, and from 0.08 to 0.83 h−1 in the deep test interval. The largest aerobic respiration rates occurred on the upgradient edge of the contaminant plume where concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons and dissolved O2 were relatively high. Computed first-order rate coefficients for denitrification ranged from 0.09 to 0.42 h−1 in the shallow test interval, and from 0.11 to 0.28 h−1 in the deep test interval. The largest denitrification rates occurred on the downgradient edge of the plume where hydrocarbon concentrations were relatively high but dissolved oxygen concentrations were small. The rates reported here represent maximal rates of aerobic respiration and denitrification, as supported by high concentrations of electron acceptors in the injected test solutions. Production of dissolved CO2 during aerobic respiration and denitrification tests provided evidence that O2 and NO3− consumption was largely due to microbial activity. Additional evidence for microbial NO3− consumption was provided by reduced rates of NO3−consumption when dissolved O2 was injected with NO3−, and by increased N2O production when C2H2 was injected with NO3−.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02099.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissolved Gas Transport in the Presence of a Trapped Gas Phase: Experimental Evaluation of a Two-Dimensional Kinetic Model (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 36 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Quantitative information on dissolved gas transport in ground water aquifers is needed for a variety of site characterization and remedial design applications. The objective of this study was to gain further understanding of dissolved gas transport in the presence of trapped gas in the pore space of an otherwise water saturated porous medium, using a combination of laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. Transport experiments were conducted in a large-scale (4 × 2 × 0.2 m) laboratory physical aquifer model containing a homogeneous sandpack. Tracer (Br−) and dissolved gas (O2 or H2) plumes were created using a two-well injection/extraction scheme and then were allowed to drift in a uniform flow field. Plume locations and shapes were monitored by measuring tracer and dissolved gas concentrations as a function of position within the sandpack and tune. In all experiments, partitioning of the dissolved gases between the mobile ground water and stationary trapped gas phases resulted in substantial retardation and tailing of the dissolved O2 and H2 plumes relative to the Br− plumes. Most observed plume features could be reproduced in simulations performed with a numerical model that combined the advection-dispersion equation with diffusion controlled mass transfer of dissolved gas between the mobile aqueous and stationary trapped gas phases. Fitted values of the volumetric trapped gas content and mass transfer coefficient ranged from 0.04 to 0.08 and from 10−6to 10−5 sec−1, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were used to examine how systematic variations in these parameters would be expected to affect dissolved gas transport under a range of potential field conditions. The experimental and modeling results indicate that diffusion controlled mass transfer should be considered when predicting dissolved gas transport in ground water aquifers in the presence of trapped gas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01073.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the cyanide hydratase enzyme from Fusarium lateritium in Escherichia coli and identification of an essential cysteine residue (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 134 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The filamentous fungus Fusarium lateritium is cyanide tolerant, due partly to the induction of the enzyme cyanide hydratase in the presence of cyanide. This enzyme catalyses the hydration of cyanide to formamide. The expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA clone encoding cyanide hydratase is described. The cDNA cloned was expressed as a transcriptional fusion in the expression vector pKK233-2 and a high level of activity of cyanide hydratase was detected in E. coli. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cys-163 residue inactivated the enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07928.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regio- and stereo-specific nitrile hydrolysis by the nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus AJ270 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 129 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An acetonitrile-utilising bacterium AJ270 has been isolated from soil, identified as a Rhodococcus sp. and shown to be distinct from all the recognised species of the genus. It grows well on 32 of 36 aliphatic, aromatic and hetero-aromatic nitriles tested and is capable of rapid growth on high concentrations (0.25–0.38 M) of acetonitrile, benzonitrile and 3-cyanopyridine. The nitrile hydratase of Rhodococcus AJ270 is stable on storage for 18 months at − 20° C, has activity against a very broad range of nitriles and dinitriles and is able to catalyse regio-specific and stereo-specific nitrile biotransformations. The suitability of AJ270 as a robust and versatile biocatalyst is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07557.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfa Resistance in Mouse-Derived Pneumocystis carinii (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb04975.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolving technology of DNA fingerprinting and its application to fisheries and aquaculture (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In 1985, Alec Jeffreys reported the development of multilocus DNA fingerprinting by Southern blot-detection of hypervariable minisatellites or variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. This technology found immediate application to various forensic and scientific problems, including fisheries and aquaculture. By 1989, however, it was recognized by many researchers that inherent problems exist in the application of multilocus fingerprinting to large sample sizes as might occur in fisheries and aquaculture genetic studies. As such, individual VNTRs were cloned for single-locus DNA fingerprinting. Although single-locus fingerprinting ameliorates many of the problems associated with multilocus DNA fingerprinting, it suffers from the problem that electrophorectic anomalies of band migration within and between gels necessitates binning of alleles, thus underestimating genetic variability in a given population. Amplification of microsatellite loci by the polymerase chain reaction, however, solved many of the problems of Southern blot-based DNA fingerprinting. Moreover, microsatellites exhibit attributes that make them particularly suitable as genetic markers for numerous applications in aquaculture and fisheries research: (1) they are abundant in the genome; (2) they display varying levels of polymorphism; (3) alleles exhibit codominant Mendelian inheritance; (4) minute amounts of tissue are required for assay (e.g., dried scales or otoliths); (5) loci are conserved in related species; (6) potential for automated assay. Recent innovations in DNA fingerprinting technology developed over the past 5 years are discussed with special emphasis on microsatellites and their application to fisheries and aquaculture, e.g., behavioural and population genetics of wild species, and selection and breeding programmes for aquaculture broodstock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb06042.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retardation of Dissolved Oxygen Due to a Trapped Gas Phase in Porous Media (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Information on the transport of dissolved gases in ground water is needed to design ways to increase dissolved gas concentrations in ground water for use in in situ bioremediation (e.g., O2 and CH4) and to determine if dissolved gases are conservative tracers of ground-water flow (e.g., He). A theoretical model was developed to describe the effect of small quantities of trapped gas bubbles on the transport of dissolved gases in otherwise saturated porous media. Dissolved gas transport in porous media can be retarded by gas partitioning between the mobile aqueous phase and a stationary trapped gas phase. The model assumes equilibrium partitioning where the retardation factor is defined as R = 1 + H′(Vg/Vw) where H' is the dimensionless Henry's Law constant for the dissolved gas, and Vg and Vw are the volumes of the trapped gas and water phases, respectively. At 15°C and with Vg/ Vw= 0.05, the predicted retardation factors for He, O2, and CH4 are 5.8, 2.4, and 2.3, respectively. The validity of the model was tested for dissolved oxygen in small-scale column experiments over a range of trapped gas volumes. Retardation factors of dissolved oxygen increased from 1 to 6.6 as Vg/Vw increased from 0 to 0.123 and are in general agreement with model predictions except for the larger values of Vg/Vw. The theoretical and experimental results suggest that gas partitioning between the aqueous phase and a trapped gas phase can greatly influence rates of dissolved gas transport in ground water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00295.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-Well, “Push-Pull” Test for In Situ Determination of Microbial Activities (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A single-well, “push-pull” test method is proposed for the in situ determination of microbial metabolic activities in ground-water aquifers. The method consists of the pulse-type injection (“push”) of a test solution into the saturated zone of an aquifer through the screen of an existing monitoring well followed by the extraction (“pull”) of the test solution/ground-water mixture from the same well. The test solution contains a tracer and one or more reactive solutes selected to investigate specific microbial activities. During the injection phase, the test solution flows radially away from the monitoring well into the aquifer. Within the aquifer, biologically reactive components of the test solution are converted to various products by the indigenous microbial community. During the extraction phase, flow is reversed and solute concentrations are measured to obtain breakthrough curves, which are used to compute the quantities of reactant(s) consumed and/or product(s) formed during the test and reaction rates. Tests were performed to determine rates of aerobic respiration, denitrification, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis in a petroleum contaminated aquifer in western Oregon. High rates of oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen utilization and nitrite, and carbon dioxide production support the hypothesis that petroleum contamination has resulted in an increase in microbial activity in the anaerobic portion of the site. The results suggest that the push-pull test method should be useful for obtaining quantitative information on a wide range of in situ microbial processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00127.x
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