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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A generic, object-oriented case-knowledge representation scheme, and its integration into a wider information management scenario (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: A knowledge base management system (KBMS) realises a combination of techniques found in database management systems and knowledge-based systems. At the data model and knowledge representation level, many systems of this kind constitute a marriage of the relational data model and the rule-based reasoning. Experience has shown that either approach is restricted in the way it can express the demanding information and knowledge structures required for applications like decision support systems. Two new technologies offer an exciting new integrated approach to knowledge management. Object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS) provide an object model that supports powerful abstraction mechanisms to facilitate the modelling of highly structured information. Whereas case-based reasoning (CBR) systems are knowledge bases which organise their capabilities around a memory of past cases and the notion of similarity. Both types of system are built upon two fundamental concepts: 1) the retrieval of entities with potentially complex structure, called objects in the former, and cases in the latter type of system; 2) the organisation of those entities in collections with common characteristics. In an OODBMS such collections are termed extents, and in CBR they are usually called categories. In either system, the conceptual meta notion to represent both, objects as well as extents, and cases as well as categories, is the class.Revolving around a Conceptual Case Class and extending a standard object model, this paper proposes a novel and general approach to represent case-knowledge and to build KBMSs. The work presented here is a spin-off of the design of an object query language within the ESPRIT project Lynx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00121.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of the cytochrome bd-terminated NADH oxidase system in Escherichia coli K-12 by divalent metal cations (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 131 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions inhibited NADH oxidase activity in membranes prepared from two cytochrome bo′-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 with the following order of potency: Zn(II) 〉 Cd(II) 〉 〉 Co(II). The degree of inhibition exhibited by these metal ions was not diminished in membranes which contained elevated levels of the cytochrome bd complex, suggesting that the most sensitive site precedes this complex in the aerobic respiratory chain. For each of the metal ions studied, inhibition was determined to be of the non-competitive type. Based upon the efficacy with which EDTA alleviated inhibition, Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions are proposed to inhibit NADH oxidase activity by binding to at least two sites in the respiratory chain with significantly different affinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07778.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beyond the AFCEE Protocol for Natural Attenuation (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1998.tb00729.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using Thermal-Infrared Imagery to Delineate Ground-Water Discharge (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 34 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: On March 8 and 9, 1992, a thermal-infrared-multispectral scanner (TIMS) was flown over two military ordnance disposal facilities at the Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The data, collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, in cooperation with the U.S. Army and the U.S. Geological Survey, were used to locate ground-water discharge zones in surface water. The images from the flight show areas where ground-water discharge is concentrated, as well as areas of diffuse discharge. Concentrated discharge is predominant in isolated or nearly isolated ponds and creeks in the study area. Diffuse discharge is found near parts of the shoreline where the study area meets the surrounding estuaries of the Chesapeake Bay and the Gunpowder River. The average temperature for surface water, measured directly in the field, and the average temperature, calculated from atmospherically corrected TIMS images, was 10.6° C (Celsius) at the first of two sites.Potentiometric surface maps of both field sites show discharge toward the nontidal marshes, the estuaries which surround the field sites, and creeks which drain into the estuaries. The average measured temperature of ground water at both sites was 10.7° C. The calculated temperature from the TIMS imagery at both sites where ground-water discharge is concentrated within a surface-water body is 10.4° C. In the estuaries which surround the field sites, field measurements of temperature were made resulting in an average temperature of 9.0° C. The average calculated TIMS temperature from the estuaries was 9.3° C. Along the shoreline at the first site and within 40 to 80 meters of the western and southern shores of the second site, water was 1° to 2° C warmer than water more than 80 meters away. This pattern of warmer water grading to cooler water in an offshore direction could result from diffuse ground-water discharge. Tonal differences in the TIMS imagery could indicate changes in surface-water temperatures. These tonal differences can be interpreted to delineate the location and extent of ground-water discharge to bodies of surface water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02024.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 396-YEAR RECONSTRUCTION OF PRECIPITATION IN SOUTHERN JORDAN (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Water resources are the lifeblood of the Near East region. Careful planning and management of water resources in dry land regions requires information on the likelihood of extreme events, especially prolonged drought. It is essential to understand the variability of climate on time scales of decades to centuries to assign reasonable probabilities to such events. Tree-ring analysis is one way to increase our knowledge of the climate variability beyond the short period covered by the instrumental data. In this paper, we reconstruct October-May precipitation from a Juniperus phoenicia tree-ring chronology in southern Jordan to gain a long-term (A.D. 1600–1995) perspective on runs of dry years and on time series fluctuations in precipitation averaged over several years. The reconstruction equation derived by regression of log-transformed precipitation on tree-ring indices explains 44 percent of the variance of observed precipitation. The longest reconstructed drought, as defined by consecutive years below a threshold of 217.4 mm, was four years, compared with three years for the 1946–95 instrumental data. A Monte Carlo analysis designed to account for uncertainty in the reconstruction indicates a lower than 50 percent chance that the region has experienced drought longer than five years in the past 400 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb05451.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CRITICAL ELEMENTS IN DESCRIBING AND UNDERSTANDING OUR NATION'S AQUATIC RESOURCES1 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Despite spending $115 billion per year on environmental actions in the United States, we have only a limited ability to describe the effectiveness of these expenditures. Moreover, after decades of such investments, we cannot accurately describe status and trends in the nation's aquatic ecosystems or even those in specific regions. Why? This situation has arisen in part because we have excluded the fundamental principles of probability designs that are widely used in other fields and we have often ignored direct measures of biota, the subjects of greatest concern. To demonstrate the results of ignoring these powerful statistical and biological tools, we present four case studies. These studies compare estimates of aquatic resource status derived from using (1) a probability-based study design, often with biological measures of condition; and (2) a nonstatistical study design, often using chemical surrogates. In three of the four cases, the results derived from the nonstatistical perspective underestimate the degree of biological degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb04148.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of mycobacterial species-specific DNA probes by subtraction hybridization (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 156 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Subtraction hybridization was used to identify sequences of Mycobacterium bovis DNA which might be of diagnostic value. Genomic DNA from Mycobacterium avium, isolated commonly from cattle and whose tuberculin is used in the comparative intradermal tuberculin test, was subtracted from M. bovis genomic DNA. A novel sequence, of 131 bp, which appears to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific was identified. The specificity of this sequence was stringently tested by a probe and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Nucleotide identity determination and sequence comparisons revealed that the 131-bp sequence is located directly upstream of a potential isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) coding gene and may be of diagnostic value, enabling differentiation of M. tuberculosis complex mycobacteria from other mycobacterial species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12701.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of bromide following rewetting of a naturally drained acid gully mire (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Currently there is growing interest in the restoration of drained peatlands in Britain. In order to investigate some of the effects of changes in land management practices on the biogeochemistry of peatlands, a field experiment was designed to manipulate the hydrological conditions in a naturally drained acid gully mire in Mid-Wales. We report preliminary results of the effects of experimentally rewetting the mire on the hydrochemistry of bromide in the peat-water. Results show that rewetting had a dramatic effect on the concentrations of bromide, which increased substantially. Peak values approached 1 mg/dm3 in some samples following rewetting, compared with typical values 〈 0.05 mg/dm3 under the drained conditions. Bromide was positively and significantly correlated with Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the peat-water, which suggests that Br- is derived from breakdown of organic matter in the reducing conditions following rewetting. The bromide mobilized by rewetting may be leached out of the system and/or re-assimilated by the wetland vegetation. Further monitoring is needed to determine whether the observed hydrochemical response of bromide to rewetting of the mire has any longer-term effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1996.tb00960.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal trends in bromide release following rewetting of a naturally drained gully mire (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Recently, there has been interest in the occurrence of bromide (Br-) in natural waters since it has been demonstrated that Br-, in association with humic substances in raw waters, is readily incorporated into haloacetic acids in the form of organically bound bromine (Br) during water chlorination. We report results of the effects of experimentally rewetting a naturally drained gully mire on the hydrochemistry of Br-, iron (Fe) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the peat water. Results obtained over a three year period showed that rewetting substantially increased the concentrations of these solutes in the pore water, with peak values of 1 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〉 60 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〉 300 mg dm-3 (DOC) detected in some samples after rewetting, compared with typical values 〈 0.05 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〈 1 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〈 15 mg dm-3 (DOC) under the drained conditions. Bromide, Fe and DOC release were highly seasonal, with the largest concentrations observed in late-summer to autumn. However, whereas seasonal peak concentrations of Fe and DOC have since remained at these higher levels, seasonal peak concentrations of Br- were progressively attenuated over time, suggesting the latter phenomenon is a flush effect, with no longer-term consequences for water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00161.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some methods allowing for aggregated patterns of disease incidence in the analysis of data from designed experiments (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02651.x
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