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  • 1995-1999  (84)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1900-1904
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Transcriptional regulation ; Phospholipid biosynthesis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; INO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Expression of structural genes of phospholipid biosynthesis in yeast is mediated by the inositol/choline-responsive element (ICRE). ICRE-dependent gene activation, requiring the regulatory genes INO2 and INO4, is repressed in the presence of the phospholipid precursors inositol and choline. INO2 and, to a less extent, INO4 are positively autoregulated by functional ICRE sequences in the respective upstream regions. However, an INO2 allele devoid of its ICRE functionally complemented an ino2 mutation and completely restored inositol/choline regulation of Ino2p-dependent reporter genes. Low-level expression of INO2 and INO4 genes, each under control of the heterologous MET25 promoter, did not alter the regulatory pattern of target genes. Thus, upstream regions of INO2 and INO4 are not crucial for transcriptional control of ICRE-dependent genes by inositol and choline. Interestingly, over-expression of INO2, but not of INO4, counteracted repression by phospholipid precursors. Possibly, a functional antagonism between INO2 and a negative regulator is the key event responsible for repression or de-repression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Circuit world 22 (1996), S. 10-15 
    ISSN: 0305-6120
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Tape ball grid array (TBGA) packages offer many of theadvantages of plastic BGAs, namely excellent durability, improved board space utilisation and ease ofsurface mount assembly along with the associated yield improvements. TBGA packages go a stepfurther, however, and offer the added benefits of improved signal integrity, better heat dissipation, andextendability to higher pin counts. This paper outlines the design and material selection process toproduce a low-cost TBGA which allows the wire bonding of a die. This type of packageoffers an attractive solution for applications requiring mid to high I/O capability and good electricaland thermal properties. Preliminary results have demonstrated the feasibility of wire bonding to thispackage at temperatures up to 200°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 157 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study we show that protein tyrosine kinases and also protein tyrosine phosphatases are involved in the uptake of Listeria monocytogenes by J774 macrophages to a different extent than in the uptake of inert latex beads. In addition, protein tyrosine kinases are necessary for the intracellular growth and survival of L. monocytogenes. The expression of the MAP kinase phosphatase MKP-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, is induced upon infection, and phagocytosis of L. monocytogenes by J774 cells overexpressing the MKP-1 protein is reduced compared to control cells. The decreased phagocytosis of L. monocytogenes as a result of the MKP-1 overexpression in J774 macrophages suggests that the activation of the MAP kinase(s) ERK-1 and/or ERK-2 is an essential requirement for the uptake of L. monocytogenes by J774 macrophages.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 2016-2024 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we present and discuss experimental results on molecular mobility in propylene glycol and its three oligomers confined to the ∼100 A(ring) pores of a controlled porous glass. The objective is to elucidate the finite size effects on the dynamics of hydrogen-bonded liquids of different molecular weights but identical chemical composition. The methods of dielectric and neutron spectroscopy have been employed to investigate both the low- and high-frequency features as a function of temperature. We find that all fluids in pores separate into two distinct liquid phases. (i) molecules physisorbed at the surface which exhibit a dramatic frustration of their mobility related to a substantial positive shift of the glass transition temperature Tg by up to ΔTg≈+47 K; and (ii) relatively "free'' molecules in the inner pore space subject to only moderate retardation of the α and normal mode relaxation and substantial broadening of the distribution of relaxation times. The shift in Tg for the α process with ΔTg≈+5 K is maximal for the monomer liquid and gradually diminishes with increasing molecular weight or decreasing intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The inelastic neutron spectrum of confined propylene glycol shows the boson peak as expected in bulk strong and intermediate glass formers in the vicinity of Tg. This effect can be attributed to the finite-size induced crossover from long wave vibrations characteristic of a continuous medium to localized vibrations in a confined geometry. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4439-4447 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new 20-channel electron cyclotron absorption diagnostic has been developed at the Rijnhuizen tokamak project. It is the first time the electron pressure profile in a tokamak plasma can be measured directly with a time resolution of 1 ms. The diagnostic measures simultaneously the emission and absorption of the second harmonic electron cyclotron frequencies. Microwaves are injected from the high field side and detected at the low field side in the equatorial midplane. The transmitted power is measured after a single pass through the plasma column. The absorption measurements are complicated by nonresonant losses: refraction of the injected microwaves (losses up to 100%), and scattering of microwaves by density fluctuations (losses 2%–3%). A fast algorithm has been developed to obtain a quantitative measure for these nonresonant losses. This calculation method is based on a parametrization of the experimental data. Combining the electron cyclotron absorption (ECA) measurements and the parametrization provides a reliable tool for determining the optical depth, the electron temperature, and the electron pressure. A good agreement was found between pressure and temperature profiles, measured with ECA and other diagnostics. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3310-3319 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article describes the fabrication and operating principles of a device suitable for measuring displacements, stresses, strains, accelerations, and forces. The device consists of an elastomeric material with a surface relief diffraction grating embossed on its surface. Mechanical compression of this element changes the way that it diffracts light. This article also describes designs and performance characteristics of simple accelerometers and pressure sensors based on these devices. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Rutherford scattering diagnostic at TEXTOR has been used to investigate the time evolution of the ion velocity distribution during sawtooth activity. Coherent averaging techniques have been employed to obtain better statistics. The time evolutions of central ion and electron density were found to be strongly correlated in four out of five cases. In one case, where saturation of the sawteeth occurred, a discrepancy between the two has been found, which could be attributed to an influx of impurities towards the end of the sawtooth. Changes of about 20% in the central toroidal rotation of the bulk ions have been found during sawtooth crashes of neutral beam injected discharges, whereas no changes were found in the ohmic case. No statistically reliable statements can be made about changes in the ion temperature. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 20 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Macrophage cells play a central role during infection with Listeria monocytogenes by both providing a major habitat for bacterial multiplication and presenting bacterial antigens to the immune system. In this study, we investigated the influence of L. monocytogenes infection on the expression of MHC class I and class II genes in two murine macrophage cell lines. Steady-state levels of I-Aβ chain mRNA were decreased in both resting J774A.1 and P388D1 macrophages infected with L. monocytogenes whereas reduction of H-2K mRNA was only observed in P388D1 cells. In addition, L. monocytogenes suppressed induction of MHC class I and class II mRNAs in response to γ-interferon as well as the maintenance of the induced state in activated P388D1 macrophages. Exposure to the non-pathogenic species L. innocua or a deletion mutant of L. monocytogenes, which lacks the lecithinase operon, did not cause a reduction in H-2K and I-Aβ mRNA levels nor suppress expression of Ia antigens. Inhibition of MHC gene expression may represent an important part of the cross-talk between L. monocytogenes and the macrophage that probably influences the efficiency of a T cell-mediated immune response and thus the outcome of a listerial infection.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, growth with a non-fermentable carbon source requires co-ordinate transcriptional activation of gluconeogenic structural genes by an upstream activation site (UAS) element, designated CSRE (carbon source-responsive element). The zinc cluster protein encoded by CAT8 is necessary for transcriptional derepression mediated by a CSRE. Expression of CAT8 as well as transcriptional activation by Cat8p is regulated by the carbon source, requiring a functional Cat1p (= Snf1p) protein kinase. The importance of both regulatory levels was investigated by construction of CAT8 variants with a constitutive transcriptional activation domain (INO2TAD) and/or a carbon source-independent promoter (MET25 ). Whereas a reporter gene driven by a CSRE-dependent synthetic minimal promoter showed a 40-fold derepression with wild-type CAT8, an almost constitutive expression was found with a MET25–CAT8–INO2TAD fusion construct due to a dramatically increased gene activation under conditions of glucose repression. Similar results were obtained with the mRNA of the isocitrate lyase gene ICL1 and at the level of ICL enzyme activity. Taking advantage of a Cat8p size variant, we demonstrate its binding to the CSRE. Our data show that carbon source-dependent transcriptional activation by Cat8p is the most important mechanism affecting the regulated expression of gluconeogenic structural genes.
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