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  • 1995-1999  (50)
  • 1955-1959  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desulforhopalus vacuolatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new moderately psychrophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium with gas vacuoles isolated from a temperate estuary (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 160-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Anaerobic sulfate reduction ; Incomplete ; propionate oxidation ; Marine environment ; Low ; temperature ; Psychrophilic bacteria ; Growth yields ; Desulforhopalus vacuolatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new type of gas-vacuolated, sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated at 10° C from reduced mud (E0 〈 0) obtained from a temperate estuary with thiosulfate and lactate as substrates. The strain was moderately psychrophilic with optimum growth at 18–19° C and a maximum growth temperature of 24° C. Propionate, lactate, and alcohols served as electron donors and carbon sources. The organism grew heterotrophically only with hydrogen as electron donor. Propionate and lactate were incompletely oxidized to acetate; traces of lactate were fermented to propionate, CO2, and possibly acetate in the presence of sulfate. Pyruvate was utilized both with and without an electron acceptor present. The strain did not contain desulfoviridin. The G+C content was 48.4 mol%. The differences in the 16S rRNA sequence of the isolate compared with that of its closest phylogenetic neighbors, bacteria of the genus Desulfobulbus, support the assignment of the isolate to a new genus. The isolate is described as the type strain of the new species and genus, Desulforhopalus vacuolatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050371
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of Thiomicrospira species and their identification in deep-sea hydrothermal vent samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThiomicrospira ; Hydrothermal vent ; microbial communities ; Ribosomal RNA ; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Microbial diversity ; Colorless sulfur bacteria ; 16S rDNA ; Phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments was used to explore the genetic diversity of hydrothermal vent microbial communities, specifically to determine the importance of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria therein. DGGE analysis of two different hydrothermal vent samples revealed one PCR band for one sample and three PCR bands for the other sample, which probably correspond to the dominant bacterial populations in these communities. Three of the four 16S rDNA fragments were sequenced. By comparison with 16S rRNA sequences of the Ribosomal Database Project, two of the DGGE-separated fragments were assigned to the genus Thiomicrospira. To identify these ’phylotypes' in more detail, a phylogenetic framework was created by determining the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence (approx. 1500 nucleotides) from three described Thiomicrospira species, viz., Tms. crunogena, Tms. pelophila, Tms. denitrificans, and from a new isolate, Thiomicrospira sp. strain MA2-6. All Thiomicrospira species except Tms. denitrificans formed a monophyletic group within the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Tms. denitrificans was assigned as a member of the epsilon subdivision and was distantly affiliated with Thiovulum, another sulfur-oxidizing bacterium. Sequences of two dominant 16S rDNA fragments obtained by DGGE analysis fell into the gamma subdivision Thiomicrospira. The sequence of one fragment was in all comparable positions identical to the 16S rRNA sequence of Tms. crunogena. Identifying a dominant molecular isolate as Tms. crunogena indicates that this species is a dominant community member of hydrothermal vent sites. Another ’phylotype' represented a new Thiomicrospira species, phylogenetically in an intermediate position between Tms. crunogena and Tms. pelophila. The third ’phylotype' was identified as a Desulfovibrio, indicating that sulfate-reducing bacteria, as sources of sulfide, may complement sulfur- and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria ecologically in these sulfide-producing hydrothermal vents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050250
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sulfate-reducing bacterium from the oxic layer of a microbial mat from Solar Lake (Sinai), Desulfovibrio oxyclinae sp. nov. (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 167 (1997), S. 369-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Desulfovibrio ; 16S rRNA ; Cyanobacterial mat ; Aerobic respiration ; Oxygen-indifferent sulfate ; reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an investigation on the oxygen tolerance of sulfate-reducing bacteria, a strain was isolated from a 107-fold dilution of the upper 3-mm layer of a hypersaline cyanobacterial mat (transferred from Solar Lake, Sinai). The isolate, designated P1B, appeared to be well-adapted to the varying concentrations of oxygen and sulfide that occur in this environment. In the presence of oxygen strain P1B respired aerobically with the highest rates [260 nmol O2 min–1 (mg protein)–1] found so far among marine sulfate-reducing bacteria. Besides H2 and lactate, even sulfide or sulfite could be oxidized with oxygen. The sulfur compounds were completely oxidized to sulfate. Under anoxic conditions, it grew with sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate as the electron acceptor using H2, lactate, pyruvate, ethanol, propanol, or butanol as the electron donor. Furthermore, in the absence of electron donors the isolate grew by disproportionation of sulfite or thiosulfate to sulfate and sulfide. The highest respiration rates with oxygen were obtained with H2 at low oxygen concentrations. Aerobic growth of homogeneous suspensions was not obtained. Additions of 1% oxygen to the gas phase of a continuous culture resulted in the formation of cell clumps wherein the cells remained viable for at least 200 h. It is concluded that strain P1B is oxygen-tolerant but does not carry out sulfate reduction in the presence of oxygen under the conditions tested. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence indicated that strain P1B belongs to the genus Desulfovibrio, with Desulfovibrio halophilus as its closest relative. Based on physiological properties strain P1B could not be assigned to this species. Therefore, a new species, Desulfovibrio oxyclinae, is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050457
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiology, phylogenetic relationships, and ecology of filamentous sulfate-reducing bacteria (genus Desulfonema) (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Gliding bacteria ; Desulfonema ; Isolation ; Oligonucleotide probing ; Sediments ; Microbial mats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microscopy of organic-rich, sulfidic sediment samples of marine and freshwater origin revealed filamentous, multicellular microorganisms with gliding motility. Many of these neither contained sulfur droplets such as the Beggiatoa species nor exhibited the autofluorescence of the chlorophyll-containing cyanobacteria. A frequently observed morphological type of filamentous microorganism was enriched under anoxic conditions in the dark with isobutyrate plus sulfate. Two strains of filamentous, gliding sulfate-reducing bacteria, Tokyo 01 and Jade 02, were isolated in pure cultures. Both isolates oxidized acetate and other aliphatic acids. Enzyme assays indicated that the terminal oxidation occurs via the anaerobic C1 pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway). The 16S rRNA genes of the new isolates and of the two formerly described filamentous species of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfonema limicola and Desulfonema magnum, were analyzed. All four strains were closely related to each other and affiliated with the δ-subclass of Proteobacteria. Another close relative was the unicellular Desulfococcus multivorans. Based on phylogenetic relationships and physiological properties, Strains Tokyo 01 and Jade 02 are assigned to a new species, Desulfonema ishimotoi. A new, fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe targeted against 16S rRNA was designed so that that it hybridized specifically with whole cells of Desulfonema species. Filamentous bacteria that hybridized with the same probe were detected in sediment samples and in association with the filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thioploca in its natural habitat. We conclude that Desulfonema species constitute an ecologically significant fraction of the sulfate-reducing bacteria in organic-rich sediments and microbial mats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050760
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stationary soliton on a charged surface of liquid helium and hydrogen films (1997)
    Springer
    JETP letters 65 (1997), S. 572-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 67.70.+n ; 67.55.Hc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A change in the shape of a charged surface of liquid hydrogen and helium — the formation of a solitary wave (a positively charged hump for hydrogen and a negatively charged dimple for helium)-is observed in an electric field exceeding a critical value under conditions of total compensation of the applied field by the surface charge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.567456
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late Proterozoic rise in atmospheric oxygen concentration inferred from phylogenetic and sulphur-isotope studies (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 382 (1996), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The evolution of non-photosynthetic sulphide-oxidizing bacteria was contemporaneous with a large shift in the isotopic composition of biogenic sedimentary sulphides between 0.64 and 1.05 billion years ago. Both events were probably driven by a rise in atmospheric oxygen concentrations to greater ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/382127a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies of sulfate-reducing bacteria to escape oxygen stress in a cyanobacterial mat (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Most probable number (MPN) counts of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the upper 3 mm of a cyanobacterial mat of Solar Lake (Sinai, Egypt) were 20 times lower during the day under oxic conditions than at night in the absence of oxygen. In order to study the oxygen-dependent behaviour of the predominant sulfate reducers four strains were isolated from the highest dilutions of the MPN series. Strain D22 was obtained from a sample taken during the day, while the strains N13, N33 and N24 were dominant in the upper layer at night. All isolates belonged to the genus Desulfovibrio. Strain N24 and strain N13 could be identified as Desulfovibrio oxyclinae. In capillary tubes filled with cell suspensions strain N13, but not strain D22, showed a negative aerotactic response by forming bands around oxygen bubbles at the oxic/anoxic interface. All isolates respired with oxygen using H2, lactate or sulfide as electron donors. Ethanol, which could be used for sulfate reduction, was not metabolised with oxygen. Strain N13 grew with oxygen for 2 days. However, cell division was inhibited. While the protein content increased, the cell number remained constant and the cell length increased up to fivefold. Strain D22, which remained in the upper layer during the day, appeared not to be better adapted to oxic conditions than the strains isolated from the anoxic zone. It is concluded that possible strategies of sulfate-reducing bacteria to escape oxygen stress in a cyanobacterial mat include migration to deeper anoxic zones, formation of clumps, and oxygen removal by active respiration in bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00462.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic oxidation of thiosulfate to tetrathionate by obligately heterotrophic bacteria, belonging to the Pseudomonas stutzeri group (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 30 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A number of strains of heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from various environments on the basis of their potential to oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds to tetrathionate. The isolates were screened for the ability to oxidize thiosulfate under denitrifying conditions. Many of them could grow anaerobically with acetate and nitrate, and eight strains could oxidize thiosulfate to tetrathionate under the same conditions. In batch cultures with acetate as carbon and energy source, most active anaerobic thiosulfate oxidation occurred with N2O as electron acceptor. The level of anaerobic thiosulfate-oxidizing activity in cultures and cell suspensions supplied with nitrate correlated with the activity of nitrite reductase in cell suspensions. Some strains converted thiosulfate to tetrathionate equally well with nitrite, nitrate and N2O as electron acceptors. Others functioned best with N2O during anaerobic thiosulfate oxidation. The latter strains appeared to have a lower level of nitrite reductase activity. Thiosulfate oxidation under anaerobic conditions was much slower than in the presence of oxygen, and was obviously controlled by the availability of organic electron donor. The strains had DNA-DNA similarity levels higher than 30%. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of four selected isolates showed their affiliation to specific genomovars of Pseudomonas stutzeri and the proposed new species, Pseudomonas balearica. As shown by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, the previously misnamed ‘Flavobacterium lutescens’ (ATCC 27951) is also a P. stutzeri strain which can oxidize thiosulfate to tetrathionate aerobically and anaerobically in the presence of N2O. The data suggest that tetrathionate-forming heterotrophic bacteria, in particular those belonging to the P. stutzeri‘superspecies’, can play a much more significant role in the biogeochemical cycles than was previously recognized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1999.tb00640.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AFM and STM investigations of hydrogenated amorphous silicon: topography and barrier heights (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 338-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract As-grown films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si : H, highly phosphorous-doped) were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Hills up to 10 nm in height and 10 to 20 nm in diameter have been observed by AFM. By using STM in a new high-sensitivity mode, (1) atomically smooth areas (roughness about 0.3 Å rms) which occur at the top of the hills, (2) subnanometer structures several Å in height which cover large parts of the surface have been identified. Simultaneous measurements of the local apparent barrier heights (LABH) show a clear correlation to the topography. Areas showing subnanometer structures have always low LABHs while the highest values of the LABH occur on the smooth areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050423
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration and transport of nitrate by the mat-forming sulphur bacterium Thioploca (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 374 (1995), S. 713-715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Thioploca mats, sediment and water chemistry were studied along a shelf transect off the Chilean coast during late summer, March 1994 (Fig. 1). In the densest Thioploca mat, at 87m water depth, the wet weight of sheathed Thioploca reached nearly 1 kg m2, of which the total bacterial ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/374713a0
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