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  • 2015-2019  (28)
  • 1995-1999  (42)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of oxide formation during liquid phase epitaxy of silicon (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1243-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Successful growth of silicon in a liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) system requires preventing the formation of a native oxide more than a few monolayers thick. It has been found that the desorption of oxygen and water vapor from the ends of the furnace tube can lead to oxidation of silicon wafers located in the tube center, thus inhibiting epitaxy. A simple method to avoid this problem and eliminate the need for long flush times is described. Evidence is presented that indium, a common solvent in LPE of silicon, plays a catalytic role in the oxidation of silicon. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113250
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells exposed to Á-rays and very heavy ions (1998)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 37 (1998), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spatial distribution of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was assessed after treatment of mammalian cells (V79) with densely ionizing radiation. Cells were exposed to beams of heavy charged particles (calcium ions: 6.9 MeV/u, 2.1⋅103 keV/μm; uranium ions: 9.0 MeV/u, 1.4⋅104 keV/μm) at the linear accelerator UNILAC of GSI, Darmstadt. DNA was isolated in agarose plugs and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis under conditions that separated DNA fragments of size 50 kbp to 5 Mbp. The measured fragment distributions were compared to those obtained after γ-irradiation and were analyzed by means of a convolution and a deconvolution technique. In contrast to the finding for γ-radiation, the distributions produced by heavy ions do not correspond to the random breakage model. Their marked overdispersion and the observed excess of short fragments reflect spatial clustering of DSB that extends over large regions of the DNA, up to several mega base pairs (Mbp). At fluences of 0.75 and 1.5/μm2, calcium ions produce nearly the same shape of fragment spectrum, merely with a difference in the amount of DNA entering the gel; this suggests that the DNA is fragmented by individual calcium ions. At a fluence of 0.8/μm2 uranium ions produce a profile that is shifted to smaller fragment sizes in comparison to the profile obtained at a fluence of 0.4/μm2; this suggests cumulative action of two separate ions in the formation of fragments. These observations are not consistent with the expectation that the uranium ions, with their much larger LET, should be more likely to produce single particle action than the calcium ions. However, a consideration of the greater lateral extension of the tracks of the faster uranium ions explains the observed differences; it suggests that the DNA is closely coiled so that even DNA locations several Mbp apart are usually not separated by less than 0.1 or 0.2 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Structured Ceramics for Membranes (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 132-136 (Apr. 1997), p. 1754-1757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/44/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.132-136.1754.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Menstrual History and Use of Medications on Bone Mineral Density: The EVOS Study (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Epidemiology — Osteoporosis — Menopause — Medication use.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We have previously shown considerable between-center variation in bone mineral density (BMD) in the 13 EVOS centers that performed bone densitometry on their sex- and age-stratified population samples, after adjusting for weight and age. We have now investigated whether part of the between-center variability may be attributed to between-center variations in the use of medications. Information was collected from 2088 women and 1908 men at baseline on whether the subjects had ever been prescribed calcium, calcitonin, anabolic steroids, fluoride, vitamin D, or glucocorticoids and, for the women, whether they had ever used the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Each of these variables was fitted into a regression model adjusted for age, height, weight, and center. Only OCP and HRT significantly affected BMD. Those who had ever used OCPs had spinal BMD 0.029 g/cm2 greater than those who had never used them. Users of HRT had higher BMD than nonusers: 0.037 g/cm2 at the spine, 0.018 g/cm2 at the trochanter, and 0.018 g/cm2 at the femoral neck. As expected, there was a great variation between centers in the use of OCP and HRT, but there were no significant correlations between mean BMD at any site in a given center and the prevalence of OCP or HRT use in that center. The between-center variance in BMD at all three sites remained highly significant after adjusting for treatment (P 〈 0.001). We conclude that HRT and OCP use are associated with moderate increases in BMD. The geographical variability of BMD in Europe was not explained by treatment with pharmaceuticals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900525
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating factors influencing farmers' satisfaction with their irrigation system (1996)
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 10 (1996), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: irrigation management ; agricultural development ; rural development ; logit model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The logit technique is used to analyze the relationship between dichotomous reactions of satisfaction (satisfied/dissatisfied) with the irrigation system and certain independent variables. The result shows that five important variables — water availability on time, fertilizer availability, landholding size, farmers' participation in irrigation activities and location of farmland along the canal — significantly determine satisfaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01104897
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithology and structure of the Grenville-aged (∼1.1 Ga) basement of Heimefrontfjella (East Antarctica) (1996)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996), S. 800-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words East Antarctica ; Greenville ; Pan-African ; Rodinia ; Heimefrontfjella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Heimefrontfjella mountains, Western Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica), are dominantly composed of Grenville-aged (∼1.1 Ga) rocks, which were reworked during the Pan -African orogeny at ∼500 Ma. Three discontinuity-bounded Grenville-aged terranes have been recognized namely (from north to south) the Kottas, Sivorg and Vardeklettane terranes. The terranes contain their own characteristic lithological assemblages, although each is made up of an early supracrustal sequence of metavolcanic and/or metasedimentary gneisses, intruded by various (predominantly granitoid) suites. No older basement upon which the protoliths of these older gneisses were deposited has been recognized. In each terrane the older layered gneisses were intruded by various plutonic suites ranging in age from ∼1150 to ∼1000 Ma. The Vardeklettane terrane is characterized by abundant charnockites and two-pyroxene granulite facies parageneses in metabasites, whereas the Sivorg and Kottas terranes were metamorphosed to amphibolite facies grade. P–T estimates show that peak metamorphic conditions changed from ∼600  °C at 8 kbar in the south, to ∼700  °C at 4 kbar in the northern Sivorg terrane. Regional greenschist retrogression of high-grade assemblages may be of Pan-African age. The Heimefrontfjella terranes were juxtaposed and pervasively deformed during a complex and protracted period of E–W collision orogenesis in a transpressive regime at ∼1.1 Ga. This is manifest as early, gently dipping thrust-related shear fabrics (D1), succeeded by the initiation of an important (D2) steep dextral shear zone (Heimefront shear zone, HSZ), during which the early fabrics and structures were steepened and rotated in an anticlockwise sense. The HSZ is a curvilinear structure which changes from a dextral oblique strike-slip lateral ramp in the north to a steep dip-slip frontal ramp in the south, where it forms the boundary between the Sivorg and Vardeklettane terranes. The Pan-African event is manifested as discrete, low- to medium-temperature ductile to brittle shears (D3) and numerous K/Ar cooling ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050113
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadomian terranes, wrench faulting and thrusting in the central Europe Variscides: geophysical and geological evidence (1995)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 84 (1995), S. 412-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Cadomian terranes ; Wrench faults ; European Variscides ; DEKORP ; gravity-magnetism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Sixty five per cent of the Paleozoic basement of western and central Europe is hidden by a sedimentary cover and/or sea. This work aims to remove that blanket to detect new structures which could used to build a more comprehensive model of the Variscan orogeny. It is based on the interpretation of various forms of data: (a) published gravity maps corrected for the effects of the crust–mantle boundary topography and light sedimentary basins; (b) aeromagnetic maps; (c) measurements of densities; and (d) induced and remanent magnetizations on rocks from Paleozoic outcrops of the upper Rhenish area. From the northern Bohemian Massif to the eastern Paris Basin, the Saxothuringian is characterized by a 500 km long belt of gravity highs, the most important being the Kraichgau high. Most of the corresponding heavy bodies are buried under a post-early Viséan cover. They are interpreted as relics of Late Proterozoic terranes overlain by an Early to Middle Paleozoic sequence, equivalent to the Bohemian terrane in the Bohemian Massif. The most probable continuation of these dense Bohemian terranes toward the west is the Southern Channel–Northern Brittany Cadomian terrane. The gravity lows are correlated with Variscan granites and pre- and early Variscan metagranites. Gravity and magnetic maps demonstrate large-scale displacement in Devonian–Early Carboniferous times along the parallel and equidistant, NW–SE striking, Vistula, Elbe, Bavarian, Bray and South Armorican dextral wrench faults. In the Vosges–Schwarzwald and Central Massif the faults continue with the east–west striking Lalaye-Lubine–Baden-Baden and Marche faults and with south vergent thrusts. The Bavarian faults shift the Kraichgau terrane by 150 km relative to the Bohemian terrane, whereas the offset of the Northern Brittany Cadomian relative to the Northern Vosges–Kraichgau terranes is estimated at 400 km along the Bray fault. Sinistral wrench faults are the NE–SW striking Sillon Houiller, Rheingraben, Rodl, Vitis and Diendorf faults. The southern Vosges–Schwarzwald Devonian–Dinantian basin is interpreted as a pull-apart basin at the south-easterly extremity of the Bray fault. The Bohemian and Kraichgau body form allochthonous terranes which were thrust over the Saxothuringian crust. Thrusting to the north-west was accompanied by back-thrusting and led to the formation of pop-up structures. Contemporaneous dextral and sinistral wrench faulting resulted in transpressive strain during collision. The zonal structure of the Variscides in the sense of Kossmat (1927) is relevant only to the Rhenohercynian Foreland Belt. Kossmat (1927) already spoke of a Moldanubian Region because it displays no real zonal structure. The Saxothuringian Zone was formed by terrane accretion. Their apparent zonal structure is not a pre-collisional feature, but only the result of accretion and collision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260450
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of tube material on tensile properties of SiC-fibre reinforced super α2 alloys (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 1200-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274375
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additional ductile coatings for processing SiC-fibre reinforced γ-TiAl alloys (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1996), S. 1315-1318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240792
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Szilard-Chalmers effect in holmium complexes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 227 (1998), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The β-emitting isotope166Ho (T 1/2=26.78 h,E (β) max=1.84 MeV) has been studied extensively for the treatment of arthritis and for radioimmunotherapy with labelled antibodies and proteins.166Ho can be produced in quantities sufficient for nuclear medical applications from natural165Ho by activation with thermal neutrons. In the past, time-consuming irradiations in medium and high flux reactors have been performed in order to obtain products with high specific activity. We investigated the production of166Ho using the Szilard-Chalmers reaction in holmium complexes with ligands containing oxygen and nitrogen donor atoms and separated the liberated166Ho3+ by ion exchange and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02386438
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