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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über eine frühe Beobachtung solarer Höhenstrahlung (1964)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 51 (1964), S. 34-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00622575
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO-laser side-band spectrometer: Sub-Doppler heterodyne frequency measurements around 5 µm (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65.Gj ; 33.20.Ea ; 42.72.Ai
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the realization of a tunable sub-Doppler heterodyne spectrometer with high absolute accuracy, employing side-band generation with a CO laser. The fixed-frequency CO-gas laser, working from 4.7 to 8.4µm, is made partially tunable by the use of microwave side-band generation in a CdTe Electro-Optical Modulator (EOM). This leads to tunable radiation of high spectral purity. We describe the design of the microwave EOM, adapted to the CO laser, its performance and its first application to highly accurate frequency measurements. The side-band radiation is used for sub-Doppler stabilization of the CO laser, while the carrier frequency is mixed with the frequencies of two CO2 reference lasers. As a first result, we present measurements of OCS transitions in the 4.9µm (61 THz) region, reaching an absolute accuracy of 30 kHz (Δν/ν = 5×1O−10). Further application of our spectrometer to calibration gases will establish a variety of InfraRed (IR) calibration standards with a new quality of accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01090939
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ergosterol and microbial biomass relationship in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass ; Fungal biomass ; Ergosterol ; Fumigation extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ergosterol and microbial biomass C were measured in 26 arable, 16 grassland and 30 forest soils. The ergosterol content ranged from 0.75 to 12.94 μg g-1 soil. The geometric mean ergosterol content of grassland and forest soils was around 5.5 μg g-1, that of the arable soils 2.14 μg g-1. The ergosterol was significantly correlated with biomass C in the entire group of soils, but not in the subgroups of grassland and forest soils. The geometric mean of the ergosterol: microbial biomass C ratio was 6.0 mg g-1, increasing in the order grassland (5.1), arable land (5.4) and woodland (7.2). The ergosterol:microbial biomass C ratio had a strong negative relationship with the decreasing cation exchange capacity and soil pH, indicating that the fungal part of the total microbial biomass in soils increased when the buffer capacity decreased. The average ergosterol concentration calculated from literature data was 5.1 mg g-1 fungal dry weight. Assuming that fungi contain 46% C, the conversion factor from micrograms ergosterol to micrograms fungal biomass C is 90. For soil samples, neither saponification of the extract nor the more effective direct saponification during extraction seems to be really necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334573
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ergosterol and microbial biomass relationship in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass ; Fungal biomass ; Ergosterol ; Fumigation extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ergosterol and microbial biomass C were measured in 26 arable, 16 grassland and 30 forest soils. The ergosterol content ranged from 0.75 to 12.94 μg g–1 soil. The geometric mean ergosterol content of grassland and forest soils was around 5.5 μg g–1, that of the arable soils 2.14 μg g–1. The ergosterol was significantly correlated with biomass C in the entire group of soils, but not in the subgroups of grassland and forest soils. The geometric mean of the ergosterol:microbial biomass C ratio was 6.0 mg g–1, increasing in the order grassland (5.1), arable land (5.4) and woodland (7.2). The ergosterol:microbial biomass C ratio had a strong negative relationship with the decreasing cation exchange capacity and soil pH, indicating that the fungal part of the total microbial biomass in soils increased when the buffer capacity decreased. The average ergosterol concentration calculated from literature data was 5.1 mg g–1 fungal dry weight. Assuming that fungi contain 46% C, the conversion factor from micrograms ergosterol to micrograms fungal biomass C is 90. For soil samples, neither saponification of the extract nor the more effective direct saponification during extraction seems to be really necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334573
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anion and cation vacancies in CdTe (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 213-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 76.70.Dx ; 71.55.Gs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The cadmium vacancy (VCd) and the tellurium vacancy (VTe) in CdTe are identified by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). The EPR spectrum of the singly ionised VTe reveals cubic (unpertubed) symmetry and the hyperfine structure shows that the unpaired electron is equally spread over the four Cd neighbors. Further figand hyperfine interactions with the more distant neighbors are resolved by Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR). The VCd is a double acceptor and the EPR spectrum is observed in its singly negative charge state. The symmerty is found to be trigonal, which can be explained in a model in which the hole occupies a dangling bondt 2 orbital and the orbital degeneracy is removed by a static Jahn-Teller distortion. The hyperfine interaction shows that the hole is localised on one of the four Te neighbors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538392
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anion and cation vacancies in CdTe (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 213-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 76.70.Dx; 71.55.Gs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The cadmium vacancy (VCd) and the tellurium vacancy (VTe) in CdTe are identified by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). The EPR spectrum of the singly ionised VTe reveals cubic (unpertubed) symmetry and the hyperfine structure shows that the unpaired electron is equally spread over the four Cd neighbors. Further ligand hyperfine interactions with the more distant neighbors are resolved by Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR). The VCd is a double acceptor and the EPR spectrum is observed in its singly negative charge state. The symmerty is found to be trigonal, which can be explained in a model in which the hole occupies a dangling bond t 2 orbital and the orbital degeneracy is removed by a static Jahn–Teller distortion. The hyperfine interaction shows that the hole is localised on one of the four Te neighbors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050193
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redetermination of the transformation enthalpies of the xanthoconite–proustite, pyrostilpnite–pyrargyrite and trechmannite–smithite phase transitions (1997)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 24 (1997), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  We report here refined values of the transformation enthalpy for xanthoconite to proustite (54.81 kJ/mol) and pyrostilpnite to pyrargyrite (40.32 kJ/mol). Additionally, the enthalpy for the transformation of trechmannite to smithite (5.82 kJ/mol) has been determined. The refinement was possible by taking into account a previously unknown dependence of electrochemical signals on the amount of substance undergoing the reduction process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050016
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity and biomass of soil microorganisms at different depths (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass ; Depth profile ; Fumigation-extraction method ; Soil organic matter ; Dormant population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We measured microbial biomass C and soil organic C in soils from one grassland and two arable sites at depths of between 0 and 90 cm. The microbial biomass C content decreased from a maximum of 1147 (0–10 cm layer) to 24 μg g-1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the grassland site, from 178 (acidic site) and 264 μg g-1 soil (neutral site) at 10–20 cm to values of between 13 and 12 μg g-1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the two arable sites. No significant depth gradient was observed within the plough layer (0–30 cm depth) for biomass C and soil organic C contents. In general, the microbial biomass C to soil organic C ratio decreased with depth from a maximum of between 1.4 and 2.6% to a minimum of between 0.5 and 0.7% at 70–90 cm in the three soils. Over a 24-week incubation period at 25°C, we examined the survival of microbial biomass in our three soils at depths of between 0 and 90 cm without external substrate. At the end of the incubation experiment, the contents of microbial biomass C at 0–30 cm were significantly lower than the initial values. At depths of between 30 and 90 cm, the microbial biomass C content showed no significant decline in any of the four soils and remained constant up to the end of the experiment. On average, 5.8% of soil organic C was mineralized at 0–30 cm in the three soils and 4.8% at 30–90 cm. Generally, the metabolic quotient qCO2 values increased with depth and were especially large at 70–90 cm in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335816
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial activity and biomass in mixture treatments of soil and biogenic municipal refuse compost (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen fractions ; Amino acids ; Amino sugars ; Microbial respiration ; Household waste ; Domestic garbage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An incubation experiment was performed to determine how the mixing of soil with municipal organic refuse compost affects C mineralization, growth of the microbial biomass, and changes in organic components, especially in the fractions of amino acids and amino sugars. Compost and soil differed in almost every parameter measured, with the organic C content of the compost representing only 10.8% of the dry weight. The fractions of K2SO4-extractable organic C and of non-hydrolyzable C were larger in the compost (1.24 and 62.9% of organic C, respectively) than in the soil (0.56 and 41.6% of organic C). These two fractions increased in proportion to the addition of compost, in contrast to amino sugar and amino acid C which were identified overproportionately in the mixture treatments, especially in the 30% compost treatment. Overproportionate increases in the microbial biomass C content and CO2 evolution rate were also measured in this treatment. The adsorption of compost colloids on the surface of regular soil silicates increased both the availability for microbial enzymes and the detectability for chemical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335817
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity and biomass of soil microorganisms at different depths (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass ; Depth profile ; Fumigation-extraction method ; Soil organic matter ; Dormant population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We measured microbial biomass C and soil organic C in soils from one grassland and two arable sites at depths of between 0 and 90 cm. The microbial biomass C content decreased from a maximum of 1147 (0–10 cm layer) to 24 μg g–1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the grassland site, from 178 (acidic site) and 264 μg g–1 soil (neutral site) at 10–20 cm to values of between 13 and 12 μg g–1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the two arable sites. No significant depth gradient was observed within the plough layer (0–30 cm depth) for biomass C and soil organic C contents. In general, the microbial biomass C to soil organic C ratio decreased with depth from a maximum of between 1.4 and 2.6% to a minimum of between 0.5 and 0.7% at 70–90 cm in the three soils. Over a 24-week incubation period at 25°C, we examined the survival of microbial biomass in our three soils at depths of between 0 and 90 cm without external substrate. At the end of the incubation experiment, the contents of microbial biomass C at 0–30 cm were significantly lower than the initial values. At depths of between 30 and 90 cm, the microbial biomass C content showed no significant decline in any of the four soils and remained constant up to the end of the experiment. On average, 5.8% of soil organic C was mineralized at 0–30 cm in the three soils and 4.8% at 30–90 cm. Generally, the metabolic quotient qCO2 values increased with depth and were especially large at 70–90 cm in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335816
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