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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (30)
  • PHYSICS, GENERAL
  • 1995-1999  (29)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 7 (1995), S. 226-228 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A structural study was carried out on poly(α-butyl β-L-aspartate), which is a stereoregular nylon-3 derivative with an alkoxycarbonyl group attached to the β-carbon of the main-chain repeating unit. Two crystal forms, namely hexagonal and tetragonal, made of 13/4 and 4/1 helices, respectively, and bearing a structural resemblance to the polypeptide α-helix, were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Though these forms are basically identical to those previously reported for poly(α-isobutyl β-L-aspartate), the crystal transition from hexagonal to tetragonal known to take place in this polymer by effect of heating, was not observed in the present case. Modeling calculations revealed that although similar conformations are favoured for the two polymers in both crystal forms, the relative stability of the 13/4 helix to the 4/1 helix was found to be significantly reduced in the case of the butyl derivative. The presence of helical conformation in solution has been evidenced by both 1H NMR and circular dichroism and the helix-coil transition promoted by acids was investigated by means of these techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 1,3-Bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene (1) shows a single melting peak at T1 = 120°C when rapidly crystallized from a methanol/benzene mixture (10:1 v/v) (sample A) and a double melting peak at T1 = 120°C and T2 = 130°C when crystallized slowly (overnight) (sample B). Slow recrystallization of 1 using ethanol instead of methanol induces the formation of large single crystals which only show a single melting peak at T2 = 130°C (sample C). Analysis of powder X-ray diffractograms obtained for A, B and C samples clearly point out the coexistence of two crystalline phases in sample B: phase 1 (observed for sample A) and phase 2 (sample C). From optical microscopy and thermal (DSC) observations, it can be concluded that, upon heating, phase 1 melts at T1 and the molten material converts itself into phase 2 if some crystals of phase 2 are present. Single crystal structure determination of, both, phase 1 and 2 reveal conformational differences of the molecule in both phases which pack in an orthorhombic and a monoclinic unit cell, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 198 (1997), S. 2489-2498 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Novel types of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers (U-PEG linkers) have been synthesized. These PEG linkers are linear polymers that attach to bioactive agents via a functional group, derived from a 2° alcohol, located in the center of the polymer chain versus the traditional terminal attachment site. These new types of linkers can be prepared with different functional groups (e.g. active ester, succinimidyl carbonate, and carbazate) for selected point of attachment, including ethylene oxide oligomers to provide “stems” when steric factors need to be addressed. Conversion of p-nitrophenyl carbonates to the more desirable succinimidyl carbonates has also been accomplished by a novel nucleophilic displacement procedure. Modification of proteins with these reagents is easily accomplished and is illustrated by the conjugation of a U-PEG linker with L-asparaginase.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 385-399 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: oxygen plasma ; surface treatment ; styrene-butadiene rubber ; adhesion ; T-peel strength ; XPS ; IR-ATR spectroscopy ; contact angle measurements ; SEM ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface of a synthetic vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber (R2) was treated in an oxygen plasma to improve adhesion in joints prepared with a one-component solvent-based polyester-urethane adhesive. The modifications produced on the rubber surface by plasma treatment were assessed using advancing and receding contact angle measurements, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (XPS), infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Adhesion was obtained from T-peel tests of treated R2 rubber/polyurethane adhesive joints. Several experimental variables were considered, such as the radio-frequency power and the length and lifetime of the plasma treatment. The treatment in the oxygen plasma produced a noticeable decrease in contact angle, which can be mainly ascribed to the creation of C—O and C=O moieties on the rubber surface. Advancing and receding contact angles only differed by ∽10°. Depending on the experimental conditions used, some ablation was produced on the surface, which was more noticeable as the length and power of the treatment increased. An adequate performance of adhesive joints was obtained using a power of 50 W and a time for oxygen plasma treatment of 〈10 min. The changes in the rubber surface remained for 2 h after plasma treatment, as indicated by the variation in peel strength and XPS data. Although improved adhesion was obtained by treating the rubber in an oxygen plasma, the T-peel strength values are not sufficient to assure technical use, probably due to the migration of waxes and zinc stearate to the surface once the treatment was carried out. Finally, sulfur oxidation was produced by the plasma treatment, and for severe conditions solid crystals of a sodium salt of an oxidized sulfur compound (sodium sulphate or an organic sulphate) appeared on the treated rubber surface. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 677-682 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: silicon ; light irradiation ; surface tension ; transmission electron microscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The morphological differences between porous silicon formed in the dark or under illumination have been studied by means of gravimetric measurements, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Photoetching has been found to give rise to a complex surface structure, due to the presence of narrower outer silicon fibres, which suffer a more severe cracking process upon drying. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: chlorinated polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers ; dynamic dielectric properties ; Fuoss-Kirkwood and Havriliak-Negami empirical equations ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric relaxation measurements were carried out on eight chlorinated polyethylene-polypropylene (PEPP) copolymers in the range of temperatures covering the main dielectric absorption. Chlorination of PEPP is expected to change the dynamic dielectric properties gradually with increasing amount of chlorine in the polymer chains. Thus, in the present study, increasing degrees of chlorination give a clear shift of the glass transition temperature towards higher values, except in the range between 40 and 51% chlorine, where an anomalous behaviour was observed. The same tendency is also observed in the relaxation strength (Δ∊). The value of Δ∊ has been estimated by using a nonlinear squares regression program (LEVM6) to calculate the parameters of the Havriliak-Negami empirical equation. It appears reasonable to assume that the anomalous behaviour observed can be attributed to a compensation of the dipolar moments of chlorine groups in the macromolecules.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation des 2-Vinyl-1.3-dioxolans mit radikalischen, anionischen und kationischen Katalysatoren im Bereich von -80 bis +40°C wurde untersucht. Die Polymerisation mit radikalischen Initiatoren verläuft ausschließlich über die Vinyldoppelbindung. Mit Butyllithium trat nur Gasentwicklung ohne Polymerbildung ein. Die Polymerisation mit BF3·O(C2H5)2 ergab lineare oder vernetzte Polymere je nach Art des verwendeten Lösungsmittels und der Polymerisationstemperatur. Ansätze, bei denen lösliche Polymere entstehen, polymerisieren durch Vinyl-Vinyl-Addition (60-65%) und Ringöffnung (35 bis 40%); bei der Ringöffnung entstehen durch Hydrid-Verschiebung 3-10% Estergruppen, während der Rest eine normale Ringöffung des Dioxolans ist. Die Polymerisation in Aceton ergibt ein festes, lineares Polymeres mit einem Erweichungspunkt bei ca. 120°C.2-Methyl-2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolan wurde synthetisiert und mit anionischen, kationischen und radikalischen Katalysatoren polymerisiert. Die Polymerisation durch BF3·O(C2H5)2 verläuft viel langsamer als im Fall des oben erwähnten Dioxolans; alle in homogener Phase erhaltenen Polymeren sind löslich, unabhängig vom Lösungsmittel. Gleichzeitig wurde die Bildung von Estergruppen beobachtet. Diese Feststellung scheint auf eine Isomerisierung durch Verschiebung einer Methylgruppe hinzuweisen.Eine Erklärung der Ringöffnung bei diesem 2-substituierten Dioxolan wird gegeben.
    Notes: The polymerization of 2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolane was examined with radical, anionic and cationic catalysts in the range from -80 to +40°C. The polymerization with radical initiators occurs exclusively through the vinyl double bond. With butyl lithium, a gas evolution takes place without polymer formation. The polymerization with BF3·OEt2 gave linear or cross-linked polymers according to the type of solvent and polymerization temperature used. The runs giving soluble polymers are the result of vinyl-vinyl addition (60-65%) and ring opening (35-40%); when ring opening takes place, 3-10% ester groups are formed due to hydride shift, while the remainder is produced by normal opening of the dioxolane cycle. Polymerization in acetone gave solid, linear polymers with a softening point of about 120°C.2-Methyl-2-vinyl-1.3-dioxolane was synthesized and polymerized with radical, anionic and cationic catalysts. Unlike the dioxolane mentioned above the polymerization with BF3·OEt2 occurs at much slower rates, and all polymers obtained in homogeneous phase are soluble, independent of the solvent used. At the same time, the formation of ester groups has been observed. This fact seems to indicate the existence of an isomerization due to a shift of a methyl group.An explanation of the cleavage of the dioxolane ring in these derivatives with the substituent in position 2 is given.
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