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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single and combined effects of colchicine, L-proline and post-inoculation low temperature on anther culture of wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This investigation was undertaken to study the effects of colchicine, L-proline and a post-inoculation cold temperature of 14°C for 7 days, either as a single or as combined treatments, on the parameters of anther culture of the DH83Z118.32 wheat genotype. Results indicate that the addition of 100 mg/1 colchicine to the induction medium for a period of 3 days and at an incubation temperature of 28°C yielded the highest success index. This treatment, although it significantly reduced embryogenesis, improved embryoid quality so that not only the total regeneration, but also the percentage of green plantlets increased significantly, In addition, it raised the percentage of doubled haploids and, consequently, led to a significantly better final success index. Combining the colchicine treatment with a reduced post-inoculation temperature did not intensify its beneficial effect, although a treatment of reduced temperature alone was superior to normal temperature (28°C) for most parameters studied. The beneficial effects of adding L-proline (200 mg/1) to the induction medium, combined with a low temperature (10°C for 4 days) treatment, were diminished when this treatment was combined with a colchicine treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01950.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximal sublattices of finite distributive lattices (1996)
    Springer
    Algebra universalis 36 (1996), S. 488-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8911
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Algebraic properties of lattices of quotients of finite posets are considered. Using the known duality between the category of all finite posets together with all order-preserving maps and the category of all finite distributive (0, 1)-lattices together with all (0, 1)-lattice homomorphisms, algebraic and arithmetic properties of maximal proper sublattices and, in particular, Frattini sublattices of finite distributive (0, 1)-lattices are thereby obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01233919
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microbial metabolite of TCDD (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 659-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we describe the occurrence of a metabolite of TCDD, which arose in several microbial cultures after long term incubation. The polar metabolite amounted approximately 1% of the input material, and was found to be a hydroxylated derivative of TCDD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964077
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved formation of regenerable callus in isolated microspore culture of maize: impact of carbohydrates, plating density and time of transfer (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (1999), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Zea mays L. ; Isolated microspores ; Androgenesis ; Plant regeneration ; Maltose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Pure fractions of maize (Zea mays L.) microspores at various densities were exposed to defined media containing different concentrations of maltose and sucrose. In general, lower carbohydrate concentrations (60, 90 g/l) yielded higher frequencies of embryo-like structures than a high concentration (120 g/l). Optimum cell density seemed to depend on the genotype, but densities above 80,000 microspores/ml led to reduced embryogenesis in all genotypes tested. Direct comparison of maltose and sucrose as carbohydrate source in the induction medium clearly demonstrated the superiority of maltose with regard to the regeneration frequency. For two out of three genotypes tested, maltose also enhanced the formation of embryo-like structures. The time of embryo transfer to callus induction media had a significant effect on regeneration frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050730
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous Daily Torpor in Malagasy Mouse Lemurs (1997)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 84 (1997), S. 28-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050344
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved production of doubled haploids by colchicine application to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 974-979 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsTriticum aestivum ; Anther culture ; Colchicine ; Chromosome-doubling ; Doubled haploids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to optimize the in vitro chromosome-doubling procedure in wheat anther culture. Colchicine, at concentrations of 100–5000 mg/l, was added to the induction medium for 1–5 days. Beneficial effects were obtained with concentrations of 100 and 1000 mg/l colchicine. With time, significant reductions in embryo–like structures as well as higher doubling indices were found. Similar results were obtained with the high- and low-responding genotypes. Colchicine (100 mg/l), added 5 and 20 days after inoculation for 1 and 3 days increased the induction response, but this value was reduced when colchicine was added 10 or 15 days after inoculation. The doubling effect was similar to the control, except for a significant increase with the 3-day application 20 days after inoculation. The highest success index was reached when colchicine was added to the culture medium after 20 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050520
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative trait loci for resistance against powdery mildew in a segregating wheat×spelt population (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 903-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Erysiphe graminis ; Powdery mildew resistance ; QTL ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum spelta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Powdery mildew is one of the major diseases of wheat in regions with a maritime or semi-continental climate and can strongly affect grain yield. The attempt to control powdery mildew with major resistance genes (Pm genes) has not provided a durable resistance. Breeding for quantitative resistance to powdery mildew is more promising, but is difficult to select on a phenotypic basis. In this study, we mapped and characterised quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for adult-plant powdery mildew resistance in a segregating population of 226 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of the Swiss wheat variety Forno with the Swiss spelt variety Oberkulmer. Forno possibly contains the Pm5 gene and showed good adult-plant resistance in the field. Oberkulmer does not have any known Pm gene and showed a moderate susceptible reaction. Powdery mildew resistance was assessed in field trials at two locations in 1995 and at three locations in 1996. The high heritability (h2=0.97) for powdery mildew resistance suggests that the environmental influence did not affect the resistance phenotype to a great extent. QTL analysis was based on a genetic map containing 182 loci with 23 linkage groups (2469 cM). With the method of composite interval mapping 18 QTLs for powdery mildew resistance were detected, explaining 77% of the phenotypic variance in a simultaneous fit. Two QTLs with major effects were consistent over all five environments. One of them corresponds to the Pm5 locus derived from Forno on chromosome 7B. The other QTL on 5A, was derived from the spelt variety Oberkulmer and did not correspond to any known Pm gene. In addition, five QTLs were consistent over three environments, and six QTLs over two environments. The QTL at the Pm5 locus showed a large effect, although virulent races for Pm5 were present in the mixture of isolates. Molecular markers linked with QTLs for adult-plant resistance offer the possibility of simultaneous marker-assisted selection for major and minor genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051149
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of resistance to leaf and glume blotch caused by Septoria nodorum Berk. in winter wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 1265-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Septoria nodorum ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Inheritance ; Resistance breeding ; Artifical inoculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Sixteen crosses between eight winter wheat cultivars were screened for resistance to Septoria nodorum leaf and glume blotch in the F1 and F4 generations using artificial inoculation in the field. The F1 of most crosses showed dominance for susceptibility on both ear and leaf. The effects of general combining ability were of similar magnitude as the effects for specific combining ability. On the basis of the phenotypic difference of the parents, no prediction was possible about the amount and the direction of genetic variance in the segregating populations. The variation observed in this study both within and among the segregating populations suggests a quantitative inheritance pattern influencing the expression of the two traits. The components of variance between F2 families within a population were as high as (for S. nodorum blotch on the ear) or higher (for S. nodorum blotch on the leaf) than those between populations. Therefore, strong selection within a few populations may be as effective to obtain new resistant genotypes as selection in a large number of populations. In almost all crosses, progenies were found that were more resistant than the better parent. Thus transgression breeding may be a tool to breed for higher levels of resistance to S. nodorum blotch. Highly resistant genotypes were found even in combination with two susceptible parents. The genetic source for Septoria resistance is probably broader than is generally assumed and could be used to improve S. nodorum resistance by combination breeding followed by strong selection in large populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051332
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro screening for resistance against Septoria nodorum blotch in wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 1273-1280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words In vitro selection ; Septoria nodorum ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Crude extract ; Toxin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  This study was carried out to develop an in vitro test for the identification of genotypes resistant to Septoria nodorum blotch. The basis for this project was a previous study in which a crude extract of S. nodorum was used as a selective agent (Keller et al. 1994). It was possible to distinguish resistant and susceptible cultivars in an in vitro test with zygotic embryos. In our project we wanted to test whether this in vitro test can also be used to detect resistant and susceptible genotypes in early segregating populations. Specific crosses between eight winter wheat lines showing contrasting resistance reaction for S. nodorum blotch on leaves and ears were made. The resistance level of both leaf and ear was evaluated after artificial inoculation in the field for the parental lines, the F1 progenies, as well as for segregating F3 and F4 populations. In addition, this plant material was tested in vitro using methods similar to those described by Keller et al. (1994), i.e. culturing immature zygotic embryos and mature seeds on selective media. A good agreement between in vitro screening and field resistance on the ear was found for the parental lines, the F1 and F4 generation but not for the F3 generations. This leads to the conclusion that the in vitro screening might be integrated into wheat breeding programs. Populations showing a high susceptibility to the pathogen metabolites in vitro could be discarded. Another promising implementation for wheat breeding would be the screening of advanced breeding material or candidate partners in a crossing program for resistance on the ear. However, the in vitro screening is not precise enough to select single plants in early segregating populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051333
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative trait loci for lodging resistance in a segregating wheat×spelt population (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 1171-1182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Lodging ; Morphological traits ; QTL ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum spelta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Lodging can strongly affect both the grain yield and the quality of wheat. Lodging represents a quantitative trait and is difficult to assess on a phenotypic basis. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) could therefore become an important tool in breeding for lodging resistance. In this study, we mapped and characterised quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for lodging resistance, as well as morphological traits correlated with lodging, in a segregating population of 226 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of the lodging-resistant wheat variety Forno with the susceptible spelt variety Oberkulmer. Lodging, plant height, leaf width, leaf-growth habit, culm stiffness, culm swinging, culm thickness, days to ear emergence and days to flowering were assessed in field trials at two locations in 1996 and at one location in 1997. Additionally, at one location weight and length parameters were also assessed. Plant height and culm stiffness explained 77% of the phenotypic variance of lodging in a multiple regression model over all three environments. QTL analysis of lodging and morphological parameters was based on a genetic map containing 230 loci with 23 linkage groups (2469 cM). With the method of composite interval mapping nine QTLs for lodging resistance were detected, explaining 63% of the phenotypic variance in a simultaneous fit. Seven of these QTLs coincided with QTLs for morphological traits, reflecting the correlations between these traits and lodging. In our population the most efficient way to improve lodging resistance would be by a combination of indirect selection on plant height and culm stiffness together with MAS on the two QTLs for lodging resistance which did not coincide with QTLs for morphological traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051182
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