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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of Supercritical Fluid Extraction via the Discovery Approach (1999)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 4 (1999), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a technique for sample preparation that is quickly replacing Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic extraction. This manuscript introduces two real-world applications of SFE that serve as the basis of undergraduate laboratory experiments: the analysis of caffeine in ground coffee and nicotine in cigarette tobacco. The extracts are analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experiments are presented in a discovery fashion that enables students to develop a theoretical understanding of the role of intermolecular forces in the extraction process. The focus on theoretical aspects of SFE makes these experiments appropriate for analytical and physical chemistry labs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897990327a
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motivic L-functions and Galois module structures (1996)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 305 (1996), S. 65-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Keywords: 11R33 ; 11G40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01444212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Influencing the Stability of Frozen Kiwifruit Pulp (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 54 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biochemical, sensory, and quality changes that occur during processing and prolonged frozen storage of kiwifruit pulp were studied. The temperature and processing time during pulp manufacture and freezing are critical factors in determining the % total chlorophyll and color of the frozen pulp. Storage of pulp at acceptable commercial frozen storage temperatures (−18°C or below) for 12 months resulted in a stable color, and a slight decrease in the % total chlorophylls and ascorbic acid. The type of packaging material used and deaeration of pulp did not influence the above findings. The sensory qualities of the pulp were not affected by the storage conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb03091.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature processing of cuprate oxide superconductors (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 1915-1917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3O7 ("123'') films were fabricated on the Y2BaCuO5 ("211'') phase substrate. The superconducting characteristics of these films, in terms of superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and width, are better than those using other oxide compounds as substrates. In addition, using high-temperature processing, the bulk 211 phase was converted into the 123 phase. A new high Tc copper oxide material with non-rare-earth elements (Bi-Sr-Cu-O) was prepared using similar high-temperature processing. High-temperature processing presents an alternative synthetic route in the search of new high Tc superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99774
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CROSS-HOLE AND FACE-TO-BOREHOLE IN-SEAM SEISMIC EXPERIMENT AT INVINCIBLE COLLIERY, AUSTRALIA (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 34 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An experimental cross-hole and face-to-borehole in-seam seismic survey was carried out at Invincible Colliery in the Western Coalfield of New South Wales. Objectives were to determine propagation characteristics of the Lithgow seam and to establish the infrastructure for seismic mapping hole-to-hole in Australia.The seam supports leaky P-, S- and P-SV-modes. These modes propagate with group velocities (at 60 Hz) of 3.1, 1.5 and 1.2 km/s respectively. Particle motion polarization is well developed, as is dispersion of the SH-mode. Attenuation rates are high. The seam is lossy (Q of approximately 20). Two prominent structures were mapped by mode conversion. One is believed to be a fracture zone, the other a zone of intense roof thrusting.The old workings and a minor strike-slip fault, which intersected raypaths, were found to be relatively transparent to P- and S-waves at 60 Hz.Telemetry delay and shot-break timing errors of the exploder box are significant. The resulting traveltime scatter is reduced by means of a least-squares “statics” procedure. The group velocity estimation algorithm (based on Fourier transform) yields dispersion characteristics which can be matched with theoretical results for a simple model of a coal seam waveguide.The experiment demonstrates the capability to retrieve in-seam seismic data of diagnostic quality over an appreciable distance (2 km). The experience gained in both survey layout and data processing will be beneficial to future seam wave surveying of Australian coal mines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1986.tb00451.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple technique for the determination of mechanical strain in thin films with applications to polysilicon (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 1671-1675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Free standing, doubly supported micromechanical beams which are fabricated from films with built-in compressive strain fields buckle at critical geometries. Experimental determination of the onset of buckling for known geometries leads to a direct measurement of the strain level in the films. This idea is supported by appropriate theory for experimental structures which form clamped, doubly supported beams with constant cross section and varying lengths. Application to low pressure chemical vapor deposition polysilicon leads to the conclusion that strain fields of 0.2% reduce to 0.05% during annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334435
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spiral hollow cathode plasma-assisted diamond deposition (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2326-2327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High quality diamond films have been deposited on silicon and sapphire by means of a combined hot filament/electron beam/plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. A spiral tantalum foil is used as the hot cathode to generate a high-current dc discharge at a low sustaining voltage. Gas mixtures consisting of methane, hydrogen, and argon flowing through the spiral cathode towards the anode are effectively decomposed by the hot cathode and the high-density plasma. Diamond particles and films, grown at a rate between 0.5 and 5 μm/h, have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100268
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PROBABILISTIC MODEL FOR INITIATION AND PROPAGATION OF SURFACE CRACKS IN WELDED JOINTS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Monte Carlo simulations of fatigue in welded joints have been performed using an approach which combines a model for initiation with a multiple surface crack propagation model. The results have been compared with experiments on T-plate welded joints in which initiation and propagation of surface cracks were monitored using potential drop techniques. Predictions of initiation life using a local strain approach were conservative. Despite this underprediction of initiation life, predictions of total fatigue life were very good as a consequence of accurate simulations of propagation life and the fact that initiation represented on average only 12 to 22% of total life, depending on stress level. The initiation model considered variability due to the local weld toe angle and radius, and material strain–life behaviour. The only variability considered in the propagation analysis was the position and timing of initiation events, which leads to variability in coalescence. The underprediction of the variability in propagation and total lives was attributed to the underprediction of initiation life and the fact that out-of-plane coalescence effects were ignored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00907.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrofluorimetric flow-injection determination of cerium in carbon and low alloy steels (1995)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 119 (1995), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: flow-injection ; spectrofluorimetry ; cerium(III) ; steel analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cerium can be determined spectrofluorimetrically (λem 350 nm, λex 260 nm) based on the relatively intense native fluorescence of the cerium(III) aquo-ion. The main potential interference in the analysis of steel from iron(III), cerium(IV) and chromium(VI) are removed by use of a carrier solution containing 2.5% w/v hydroxylammonium chloride. The slight residual interference from iron(II) can be corrected by a matrix matching factor linearly related to the amount of iron present. The calibration graphs are linear over the range 0–7 μg ml−1 based on 250 μl injection volumes. The sampling rate was 30 h−1. The relative standard deviation was 2.0% (n=5) at 3 μg ml−1 cerium. The system has been applied to the determination of cerium in carbon or low alloy steels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244853
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Up-Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide (NO) Synthase and NO Production in HL-60 Cells Stimulated to Differentiate by Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate Plus 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Is Not Obtained With Dimethylsulfoxide Plus 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide — HL-60 cells — Differentiation — 1,25(OH)2D3— DMSO — PMA.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In previous studies we found that the calciotropic hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] augments the action of either prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or NaF to induce differentiation of human promyelocytic HL-60 cells, a process that features increased generation of nitric oxide (NO) via up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We have now examined the short-term interaction of 1,25(OH)2D3 with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in these cells. PMA (100 nM) alone generally up-regulated several classical indices of macrophagic differentiation and stimulated cellular production of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α, PGE2, and NO. Increased generation of NO primarily resulted from increased expression of cellular iNOS. When 1,25(OH)2D3 (10 nM) was added to PMA treatments, most PMA-induced changes, particularly its effects to up-regulate iNOS-dependent NO production and change cell morphology, were multiplicatively augmented. In contrast, DMSO (1.3%) alone, an inducer of granulocytic differentiation, increased cytokine production, but failed to stimulate NO production or induce iNOS. In contrast to its striking interaction with PMA, 1,25(OH)2D3 could not augment DMSO's differentiative effects. Changes in cellular cytokine production were eliminated as the driving force in HL-60 differentiation when specific neutralizing antibodies failed to produce any attenuation of iNOS up-regulation or of the shifts in cell morphology. However, indomethacin (30 μM) blocked the synergistic interaction between 1,25(OH)2D3+ PMA to shift cell morphology and stimulate NO production. Subsequently adding PGE2 (1 ng/ml) to indomethacin-treated cells restored the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3+ PMA to interactively increase cellular NO production, but failed to fully replicate the strong shift in cell morphology typical of PMA + 1,25(OH)2D3 treatments. Our findings suggest that interaction between 1,25(OH)2D3 and PMA to induce macrophagic differentiation increases iNOS-dependent NO production by a mechanism involving a cyclooxygenase product(s), possibly PGE2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900485
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