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  • 1995-1999  (23)
  • 1990-1994  (24)
  • 1
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    Unknown
    Precambrian sponges with cellular structures (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-18
    Description: Sponge remains have been identified in the Early Vendian Doushantuo phosphate deposit in central Guizhou (South China), which has an age of approximately 580 million years ago. Their skeletons consist of siliceous, monaxonal spicules. All are referred to as the Porifera, class Demospongiae. Preserved soft tissues include the epidermis, porocytes, amoebocytes, sclerocytes, and spongocoel. Among thousands of metazoan embryos is a parenchymella-type of sponge larvae having a shoe-shaped morphology and dense peripheral flagella. The presence of possible amphiblastula larva suggests that the calcareous sponges may have an extended history in the Late Precambrian. The fauna indicates that animals lived 40 to 50 million years before the Cambrian Explosion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li -- Chen -- Hua -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 6;279(5352):879-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉C.-W. Li and T.-E. Hua, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, China. J.-Y. Chen, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9452391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Head segmentation in early cambrian fuxianhuia: implications for arthropod evolution (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-02
    Description: The arthropod Fuxianhuia from the Chengjiang fauna displays primitive aspects of cephalic segmentation and trunk limb morphology that indicate a basal position within Euarthropoda. The cephalon consists of an eye-bearing sclerite that articulates with a head shield bearing antennules and subchelate appendages. Eye stalks, antennules, and subchelate appendages are proto-, deuto-, and tritocerebral limbs and organs, respectovely. The anterior position of the eye-bearing sclerite parallels the embryonic origin of arthropod eye lobes. The head of Fuxianhuia includes the acron and one somite and is regarded as a protocephalon. The definitive head of arthropods may have fused separate eye-bearing and appendage-bearing sclerites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J Y -- Zhou, G Q -- Edgecombe, G D -- Ramskold, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 2;268(5215):1339-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17778981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Evidence for monophyly and arthropod affinity of cambrian giant predators (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-27
    Description: The Chinese Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna includes three different anomalocaridids, a globally spread, extinct marine group including the largest known Cambrian animals. Anomalocaridids were active predators, and their presence implies that a complex ecosystem appeared abruptly in the earliest Phanerozoic. Complete specimens display several sets of characters shared only with some other exclusively Cambrian forms. This evidence indicates that anomalocaridids, Opabinia, and Kerygmachela form a monophyletic clade. Certain features indicate arthropod affinities of the lade, and for this group an unnamed (sub)phylum-level taxon within an arthropod (super)phylum is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J Y -- Ramskold, L -- Zhou, G Q -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 27;264(5163):1304-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17780848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of m=2 islands by electron cyclotron heating in the Texas Experimental Tokamak: Experiment and theory (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 3239-3245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron cyclotron heating (ECH) is used to suppress m=2 magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillations in the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) [Nucl. Technol. Fusion 1, 479 (1981)]. The location of ECH power deposition is controlled by a movable antenna. The MHD activity is suppressed when the ECH beam is directed close to the q=2 surface. The experiment is simulated using a three-dimensional resistive MHD code in cylindrical geometry. For fixed plasma current, the saturated m=2 island width is found to depend on the value of the safety factor at the magnetic axis (q0). The simulation suggests that the observed saturated m=2 island in the pre-ECH plasma, which typically occupies 25% of the minor radius, corresponds to q0∼1.3. The suppression of the island in the presence of ECH is attributed to current profile modification. In some discharges, the m=2 activity does not resume even after the ECH pulse is turned off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860659
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the density fluctuation spectrum and amplitude in TEXT with expectations for electron drift waves (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Modifications to the spectrum and magnitude of turbulent density fluctuations in the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 27, 1335 (1985)], measured by far-infrared scattering, are related to changes in plasma profiles (e.g., density and potential) induced by naturally occurring magnetic islands (i.e., m=2) of varying amplitude. The statistical dispersion relation of the microturbulence that propagates in the electron diamagnetic drift direction is observed to be consistent with expectations for electron drift-wave turbulence when a spectral shift due to E×B plasma rotation is included. Observed spectral widths are several times larger than the linear mode frequency. The fluctuation amplitude is found to scale inversely with the electron density scale length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860287
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety factor on the axis of a tokamak during Ohmically heated sawtoothing discharges from a localized measurement of circular polarization of the Lii 6708 A(ring) line (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 809-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Analysis of the circular polarization of the Lii 6708 A(ring) line emitted from a monoenergetic lithium beam provides a spatially resolved measurement of the poloidal magnetic field on the Texas experimental tokamak [Nucl. Technol. Fusion 1, 479 (1989)]. Determined from the measured magnetic field, the safety factor on the magnetic axis during Ohmically heated sawtoothing discharges is near unity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859317
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for isolation of milled-wood lignin involving solvent swelling prior to enzyme treatment (1995)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 29 (1995), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary A new lignin isolation method has been developed. Wood and pulp were subjected to ball milling, swelled in an organic solvent, and then treated with a cellulase. The enzyme digestion time could be shortened to 1 day with this method. The lignin obtained has been named Swelled Enzyme Lignin (SEL). Swelling and enzyme digestion conditions and their effects on lignins were investigated. The SEL's from wood could be directly washed with water, while those from pulp had to be washed with aqueous acetic acid because they were water soluble. The purification of crude SEL's was accomplished by extracting them with dioxane-water, and then precipitating and washing with ethyl ether. Lignin yields were 24–67% based on the total amount of lignin present. The characteristics of the SEL's were further investigated by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202089
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A possible Early Cambrian chordate (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 377 (1995), S. 720-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Chordate interrelationships are traditionally1 analysed primarily using developmental characters of extant taxa2: data from Early Palaeozoic fossils are often either regarded to be unhelpful3 or at best controversial. An alternative, the calchichordate hypothesis4 5, relies on using Early ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377720a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic imaging of cohesive sediment resuspension and re-entrainment in the Changjiang Estuary, East China Sea (1997)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 17 (1997), S. 162-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Vertical profiles of instantaneous cohesive suspension concentration, obtained from an acoustic suspended sediment monitor in the Changjiang Estuary, indicate that near-bed high-concentration suspensions consist of upper and lower high-concentration suspensions, separated by a natural breakpoint at ca. 2 g l-1. Acoustic images revealed near-bed high-frequency resuspension events of a few seconds, which contribute mainly to the formation of the lower near-bed high-concentration suspension. Upper and lower lutoclines are also indicative of re-entrainment of lower and upper high concentration suspension, respectively. Near-bed high-frequency resuspension is caused by turbulence, while re-entrainment is probably attributable to internal wave activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670050022
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct measurement of mixture fraction in reacting flow using Rayleigh scattering (1993)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 15 (1993), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The mixture fraction variable, ξ, is very useful in describing reaction zone structure in nonpremixed flames. Extinction limits and turbulent mixing are often described as a function of this variable. Experimental evaluation of ξ is critical for improving our understanding of the influence of turbulent mixing on the chemistry process. Heretofore, the evaluation of mixture fraction in combusting flow required multiple simultaneous concentration measurements. In this paper we present a fuel designed to permit measurements of mixture fraction by Rayleigh scattering technique only. A Rayleigh intensity/mixture fraction correspondence has been obtained experimentally in a laminar coflow flame. The influence of strain rate and differential diffusion effects have been investigated using laminar counterflow diffusion flame and shifting equilibrium chemistry models. The results obtained from comparisons between experiments and these models are very encouraging and suggest that the Rayleigh/mixture fraction correspondence established is valid under both the turbulent mixing and laminar strained flamelet combustion regimes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223402
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