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  • 1
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    "Fluorescent timer": protein that changes color with time (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-25
    Description: We generated a mutant of the red fluorescent protein drFP583. The mutant (E5) changes its fluorescence from green to red over time. The rate of color conversion is independent of protein concentration and therefore can be used to trace time-dependent expression. We used in vivo labeling with E5 to measure expression from the heat shock-dependent promoter in Caenorhabditis elegans and from the Otx-2 promoter in developing Xenopus embryos. Thus, E5 is a "fluorescent timer" that can be used to monitor both activation and down-regulation of target promoters on the whole-organism scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Terskikh, A -- Fradkov, A -- Ermakova, G -- Zaraisky, A -- Tan, P -- Kajava, A V -- Zhao, X -- Lukyanov, S -- Matz, M -- Kim, S -- Weissman, I -- Siebert, P -- 1 RO3 TW01362-01/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1585-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Alexey.Terskikh@Stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/embryology/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/genetics ; Cell Line ; Color ; Fluorescence ; Gene Expression Profiling/*methods ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Otx Transcription Factors ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Trans-Activators/genetics ; Xenopus laevis/embryology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Hysteretic adsorption and desorption of hydrogen by nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: Adsorption and desorption of hydrogen from nanoporous materials, such as activated carbon, is usually fully reversible. We have prepared nanoporous metal-organic framework materials with flexible linkers in which the pore openings, as characterized in the static structures, appear to be too small to allow H2 to pass. We observe hysteresis in their adsorption and desorption kinetics above the supercritical temperature of H2 that reflects the dynamical opening of the "windows" between pores. This behavior would allow H2 to be adsorbed at high pressures but stored at lower pressures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Xuebo -- Xiao, Bo -- Fletcher, Ashleigh J -- Thomas, K Mark -- Bradshaw, Darren -- Rosseinsky, Matthew J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1012-5. Epub 2004 Oct 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northern Carbon Research Laboratories, School of Natural Sciences, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Superconductivity modulated by quantum size effects (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: We have fabricated ultrathin lead films on silicon substrates with atomic-scale control of the thickness over a macroscopic area. We observed oscillatory behavior of the superconducting transition temperature when the film thickness was increased by one atomic layer at a time. This oscillating behavior was shown to be a manifestation of the Fabry-Perot interference modes of electron de Broglie waves (quantum well states) in the films, which modulate the electron density of states near the Fermi level and the electron-phonon coupling, which are the two factors that control superconductivity transitions. This result suggests the possibility of modifying superconductivity and other physical properties of a thin film by exploiting well-controlled and thickness-dependent quantum size effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Yang -- Zhang, Yan-Feng -- Bao, Xin-Yu -- Han, Tie-Zhu -- Tang, Zhe -- Zhang, Li-Xin -- Zhu, Wen-Guang -- Wang, E G -- Niu, Qian -- Qiu, Z Q -- Jia, Jin-Feng -- Zhao, Zhong-Xian -- Xue, Qi-Kun -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1915-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    A draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: We report a draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori), covering 90.9% of all known silkworm genes. Our estimated gene count is 18,510, which exceeds the 13,379 genes reported for Drosophila melanogaster. Comparative analyses to fruitfly, mosquito, spider, and butterfly reveal both similarities and differences in gene content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Qingyou -- Zhou, Zeyang -- Lu, Cheng -- Cheng, Daojun -- Dai, Fangyin -- Li, Bin -- Zhao, Ping -- Zha, Xingfu -- Cheng, Tingcai -- Chai, Chunli -- Pan, Guoqing -- Xu, Jinshan -- Liu, Chun -- Lin, Ying -- Qian, Jifeng -- Hou, Yong -- Wu, Zhengli -- Li, Guanrong -- Pan, Minhui -- Li, Chunfeng -- Shen, Yihong -- Lan, Xiqian -- Yuan, Lianwei -- Li, Tian -- Xu, Hanfu -- Yang, Guangwei -- Wan, Yongji -- Zhu, Yong -- Yu, Maode -- Shen, Weide -- Wu, Dayang -- Xiang, Zhonghuai -- Yu, Jun -- Wang, Jun -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Shi, Jianping -- Li, Heng -- Li, Guangyuan -- Su, Jianning -- Wang, Xiaoling -- Li, Guoqing -- Zhang, Zengjin -- Wu, Qingfa -- Li, Jun -- Zhang, Qingpeng -- Wei, Ning -- Xu, Jianzhe -- Sun, Haibo -- Dong, Le -- Liu, Dongyuan -- Zhao, Shengli -- Zhao, Xiaolan -- Meng, Qingshun -- Lan, Fengdi -- Huang, Xiangang -- Li, Yuanzhe -- Fang, Lin -- Li, Changfeng -- Li, Dawei -- Sun, Yongqiao -- Zhang, Zhenpeng -- Yang, Zheng -- Huang, Yanqing -- Xi, Yan -- Qi, Qiuhui -- He, Dandan -- Huang, Haiyan -- Zhang, Xiaowei -- Wang, Zhiqiang -- Li, Wenjie -- Cao, Yuzhu -- Yu, Yingpu -- Yu, Hong -- Li, Jinhong -- Ye, Jiehua -- Chen, Huan -- Zhou, Yan -- Liu, Bin -- Wang, Jing -- Ye, Jia -- Ji, Hai -- Li, Shengting -- Ni, Peixiang -- Zhang, Jianguo -- Zhang, Yong -- Zheng, Hongkun -- Mao, Bingyu -- Wang, Wen -- Ye, Chen -- Li, Songgang -- Wang, Jian -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Yang, Huanming -- Biology Analysis Group -- 1 P50 HG02351/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1937-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing Beibei, 400716, China. xiaqy@swau.cq.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Bombyx/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Butterflies/genetics ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genome ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Insect Hormones/genetics ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Sex Determination Processes ; Spiders/genetics ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relativistic electronic structure calculations on endohedral Gd@C60, La@C60, Gd@C74, and La@C74 (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.48.+c; 31.15. Ew
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Relativistic discrete-variational local density functional calculations on endohedral Gd@C60, La@C60,Gd@C74, and La@C74 are performed. All the C60- and C74-derivedlevels are lowered upon endohedral Gd and La doping. Both the Gd (4f75d16s2) and La (5d16s2) atoms only donate their two 6s valence electrons to the cages, leaving behind their 5d electrons when they are placed at the cage centers. Compared with large-band-gap C60, small-band-gap C74 and Gd (La)-metallofullerenes have strong both electron-donating and electron-accepting characters, and the calculated ionization potentials and electron affinities for them agree well with the available experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051068
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydraulic Characterization and Design of a Full-Scale Biocurtain (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 38 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper deseribes the design and hydraulic characterization of a cost-effective biocurtain that is currently being used to remove carbon tetrachloride from an aquifer in Schoolcraft, Michigan. Novel aspects of the design are the use of closely spaced wells to recirculate solutes through a biocurtain, well screens spanning the vertical extent of contamination, and a semipassive mode of Operation, with only six hours of low-level pumping per week. This design was developed by coupling flow and transport sim-ulations with a cost optimization algorithm, based on initial hydraulic conductivity data and system design constraints from a previous pilot-scale experiment adjacent to the current site, The hydraulic conductivity of the site was characterized using permeameter analysis on more than 200 samples from continuous well cores that were collected during well Installation. The subset of availablc conductivity data was used to predict tracer transport through the biocurtain during System Operation. Observed tracer conecntration arrival histories during initial system Operation confirmed model predictions. Modeling also established that closely spaced wells operated for brief periods each week could effectively deliver the agents needed for remediation across the biocurtain. This was confirmed during long-term Operation of the System, which has resulted in highly efficient contamination degra-dation. The delivery well design methodology is expected to be broadly applicable at other sites where flow can be recirculated between a series of delivery wells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00233.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A universal scaling relation in high-temperature superconductors (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 430 (2004), S. 539-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Since the discovery of superconductivity at elevated temperatures in the copper oxide materials there has been a considerable effort to find universal trends and correlations amongst physical quantities, as a clue to the origin of the superconductivity. One of the earliest patterns that emerged ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02673
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of simulated grazing on growth and persistence of Artemisia frigida in a semiarid sandy rangeland (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To assess the tolerance of fringed sagewort (Artemisia frigida Willd.) to grazing in semiarid sandy rangeland, forty-five fringed sagewort plants of similar size were chosen randomly from sandy rangeland and divided into three cohorts (fifteen plants per cohort) that were subjected to simulated grazing management in 1998. Plants were cut in spring on 24 April and again in summer on 26 July at either 2–3 cm (severe), or at5–6 cm (moderate), or uncut to serve as the control. Plant responses to intensity of cutting were monitored over two consecutive years differing substantially in the amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall. Cutting in spring (moderate or severe) did not influence plant height, average canopy diameter, the number of branches, and specific branching density measured in July 1998. Moderate cutting in summer reduced plant height compared with the uncut treatment but did not influence other plant growth variables in September 1998. However, severe cutting in summer during the reproductive stage strongly reduced plant height, canopy size, the number of branches, individual shoot weight and specific branching density in September 1998 compared with moderate and no cutting and its negative impacts on the growth of this species were evident in the following year. Severe cutting in spring significantly increased the number of flowering shoots, whereas cutting in summer (at either level) reduced the capacity of fringed sagewort to produce flowering shoots. Also, the negative impact of summer cutting on seed production continued in the following year. The production of plant biomass was similar in the three treatments in 1998, but it was significantly lower in cut than uncut plants in 1999. The reduced biomass was due to a decline in plant height, canopy size, number of branches and specific branching density. Compared with the uncut plants, the cut plants tended to allocate a greater proportion of their biomass to vegetative shoots and leaves than to flowering shoots in 1998; in 1999, although cutting treatments had ceased, the cut plants still allocated a greater proportion of new biomass to vegetative shoots and less to flowering shoots, but a similar proportion to leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00322.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pr-doping effect on the depinning of vortices in Bi2Sr2Ca1−xPrxCu2Oy single crystals (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5567-5569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The irreversibility lines of Pr-doped Br2Sr2Ca1−xPrxCu2Oy single crystals have been studied systematically. It was found that for the Pr-doped samples as compared with the undoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy the effective superconducting area shrinks, the irreversibility line Birr decreases, and the anisotropic parameter γ increases strongly due to Pr doping. It is evident that the substitution of Pr for Ca in the system effectively reduces the hole concentration on CuO2 layers to the underdoped state and destroys the Josephson coupling of the two superconducting regions of adjacent CuO2 layers. The vortex depinning is responsible for the irreversibility and the displacement value for vortex depinning is similar to that for vortex lattice melting, but with different physical meaning. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of defects on magnetostrictive performance in Terfenol-D (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6286-6288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A large remanent strain has been normally observed in free-standing float zone-grown Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 (Terfenol-D) following the application of magnetic field or compressive stress. Such a strain is considered to be composed of two parts, leading to reversible and irreversible domain contributions to the magnetostriction, in which the irreversible part corresponds to the magnetostrictive jump effect belonging to non-180° domain wall motion, and the reversible part contributes to the slower changes of magnetostriction. With no stress applied, the specimen shows a jump field of 21 and 53 Oe for 180° and non-180° domain wall motion, respectively. The jump field, distribution width and hysteresis field for non-180° domain wall motion are all increased with increasing stress, indicating complicated interactions between magnetic domains and defects. Stacking faults are found by electron microscopy to often act as domain-wall pinning centers, and scanning probe microscopy shows specific domain configurations are formed around excess rare earth, twin boundaries, and grain boundaries due to induced stresses and demagnetization effects. The influence of such interactions on magnetostrictive performance is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372681
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