ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by maize as affected by particulate organic matter quality, soil characteristics, and land-use history for soils from the West African moist savanna zone (2000)

Vanlauwe, B. ; Aihou, K. ; Aman, S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 440-449

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Alley cropping ; Nitrogen availability ; Olsen phosphorus ; Particulate organic matter

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The impact of land use (unfertilized continuous maize cropping, unfertilized and fertilized alley cropping with maize, Gliricidia sepium tree fallow, natural fallow) on the soil organic matter (SOM) status and general soil fertility characteristics were investigated for a series of soils representative for the West African moist savanna zone. Three soils from the humid forest zone were also included. In an associated pot experiment, relationships between maize N and P uptake and SOM and general soil characteristics were developed. Soils under natural fallow contained the highest amount of organic C (1.72%), total N (0.158%), and had the highest effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) [8.9 mEq 100 g–1 dry soil], while the Olsen P content was highest in the fertilized alley cropping plots (13.7 mg kg–1) and lowest under natural fallow (6.3 mg kg–1). The N concentration of the particulate organic matter (POM) was highest in the unfertilized alley cropping plots (2.4%), while the total POM N content was highest under natural fallow (370 mg N kg–1) and lowest in continuously cropped plots (107 mg N kg–1). After addition of all nutrients except N, a highly significant linear relationship (R 2=0.91) was observed between the total N uptake in the shoots and roots of 7-week-old maize and the POM N content for the savanna soils. POM in the humid forest soils was presumably protected from decomposition due to its higher silt and clay content. After addition of all nutrients except P, the total maize P uptake was linearly related to the Olsen P content. R 2 increased from 0.56 to 0.67 in a multiple linear regression analysis including the Olsen P content and clay content (which explained 11% of the variation in P uptake). Both the SOM status and N availability were shown to be improved in land-use systems with organic matter additions, while only the addition of P fertilizer could improve P availability.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050022

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

2

Electronic Resource

Evaluation of symbiotic dinitrogen inputs of herbaceous legumes into tropical cover-crop systems (2000)

Ibewiro, B. ; Sanginga, N. ; Vanlauwe, B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 234-242

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Imperata ; Mulch ; Lablab ; Maize ; Mucuna

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Reliable estimates of symbiotically fixed N2 in herbaceous legumes are important in order to determine their role in maintaining or improving N levels in tropical low-external-input farming systems. We have studied the effects of different management systems on the suitability of two non-N2-fixing reference crops, imperata [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Rauescel] and maize (Zea mays L.), for estimating N2 fixation in mucuna [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC var. utilis (Wright) Bruck] and lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] in the field. The total-N-difference (TND) method of estimating N2 fixation was compared to the 15N-isotope-dilution (ID) technique. The two methods did not differ with respect to estimates of N2 fixation under in situ mulch (IM) systems. In contrast, under live-mulch (LM) systems the TND method underestimated N2 fixed in mucuna by 29% and in lablab by 40% compared to estimates made with the ID method. Irrespective of the treatment, estimates of N derived from fixation in both herbaceous legumes were not influenced by either of the reference plants. Using the ID technique, the proportion of N2 derived from fixation in mucuna and lablab at 12 weeks varied from 52% to 90% depending on whether the treatments were N fertilized, inoculated or uninoculated, cover-crop systems. In view of the nature of cover-crop systems in the derived savanna of West and Central Africa, where imperata is usually present as a weed or maize is grown in IM or LM systems, imperata or maize could be used to estimate N2 fixation and N contributions of the legumes to soil fertility and subsequent crop improvements.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000241

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

3

Electronic Resource

Response of Mucuna pruriens to symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia following inoculation in farmers' fields in the derived savanna of Benin (2000)

Houngnandan, P. ; Sanginga, N. ; Woomer, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 558-565

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Mucuna pruriens ; Nitrogen balance ; Relay cropping ; Indigenous rhizobial populations

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Leguminous cover crops such as Mucuna pruriens (mucuna) have the potential to contribute to soil N and increase the yields of subsequent or associated cereal crops through symbiotic N fixation. It has often been assumed that mucuna will freely nodulate, fix N2 and therefore contribute to soil N. However, results of recent work have indicated mucuna's failure to nodulate in some farmers' fields in the derived savanna in Benin. One of the management practices that can help to improve mucuna establishment and growth is the use of rhizobial inocula to ensure compatibility between the symbiotic partners. Experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 on 15 farmers' fields located in three different villages (Eglimé, Zouzouvou and Tchi) in the derived savanna in Benin. The aim was to determine the response of mucuna to inoculation and examine the factors affecting it when grown in relay cropping with maize. The actual amount of N2 fixed by mucuna in the farmers' fields at 20 weeks after planting (WAP) averaged 60 kg N ha–1 (range: 41–76 kg N ha–1) representing 55% (range: 49–58%) of the plant total N. The result suggested that mucuna in these farmers' fields could not meet its total N demand for growth and seed production only by N2 fixation. It was estimated that after grain removal mucuna led to a net N contribution ranging from –37 to 30 kg N ha–1. Shoot dry weight at 20 WAP varied between 1.5 and 8.7 t ha–1 and N accumulation ranged from 22 to 193 kg N ha–1. Inoculation increased shoot dry matter by an average of 28% above the uninoculated treatments, but the increase depended on the field, location and year. For the combinations of inoculated treatments and farmers' fields, the response frequency was higher in Eglimé and Tchi than in Zouzouvou. The response to inoculated treatments was dependent on the field and inversely related to the numbers of rhizobia in the soil. Soil rhizobial populations ranged from 0 to 〉188 cells g–1 soil, and response to inoculation often occurred when numbers of indigenous rhizobia were 〈5 cells g–1 soil. In two farmers' fields at Zouzouvou where extractable P was below 10 μg g–1 soil, mucuna did not respond to rhizobial inoculation despite a higher population of rhizobia. Significant relationships between mycorrhizal colonization, growth and nodulation of mucuna were observed, and inoculated plants with rhizobia had a higher rate of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (%AMF) than uninoculated ones. Therefore, it was shown that mucuna will establish and fix N2 effectively in those fields where farmer's management practices such as good crop rotation and rhizobial inoculation allow a build up of AMF spores that might lead to a high degree of AMF infection and alleviate P deficiency.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050036

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

4

Electronic Resource

Transformations and recovery of residue and fertilizer nitrogen-15 in a sandy Lixisol of West Africa (2000)

Ibewiro, B. ; Sanginga, N. ; Vanlauwe, B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 261-269

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Cover crops ; Mixed residues ; Microbial biomass ; N-mineralization ; Soil organic matter fractions

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The fate of 15N-labeled plant residues from different cover-cropping systems and labeled inorganic N fertilizer in the organic, soil mineral, microbial biomass and soil organic matter (SOM) particle-size fractions was investigated in a sandy Lixisol. Plant residues were from mucuna (legume), lablab (legume), imperata (grass), maize (cereal) and mixtures of mucuna or lablab with imperata or maize, applied as a surface mulch. Inorganic N fertilizer was applied as 15N-(NH4)2SO4 at two rates (21 and 42 mg N kg–1 soil). Total N release from mucuna or lablab residues was 2–3 times higher than from the other residues, whereas imperata immobilized N throughout the study period. In contrast, 15N was mineralized from all the plant residues irrespective of the mineralization–immobilization pattern observed for total N. After 168 days, 69% of soil mineral N in mucuna- or lablab-mulched soils was derived from the added residues, representing 4–8% of residue N, whereas 9–30% of inorganic N was derived from imperata, maize and the mixed residues. At the end of the study, 4–19% of microbial biomass N was derived from the added residue/fertilizer-N, accounting for 1–3% of added residue-N. Averaged across treatments, particulate SOM fractions accounted for less than 1% of the total soil by weight but contained 20% of total soil C and 8% of soil N. Soils amended with mucuna or lablab incorporated more N in the 250–2000 μm SOM pool, whereas soil amended with imperata or the mixed residues incorporated similar proportions of labeled N in the 250–2000 μm and 53–250 μm fractions. In contrast, in soils receiving the maize or inorganic fertilizer-N treatments, higher proportions of labeled N were incorporated into the 53–250 μm than the 250–2000 μm fractions. The relationship between these differences in residue/fertilizer-N partitioning into different SOM particle-size fractions and soil productivity is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050655

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

5

Electronic Resource

Influence of phytoparasitic nematodes on symbiotic N2 fixation in tropical herbaceous legume cover crops (2000)

Ibewiro, B. ; Sanginga, N. ; Vanlauwe, B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 254-260

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Imperata ; Lablab ; Maize ; Soil fumigation ; Nematodes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Populations of plant parasitic nematodes and their effects on symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation in herbaceous legumes and on some selected characteristics of other plant species associated with such cover crops were studied. Two legume species [mucuna, Mucuna pruriens (L) DC. var. utilis (Wright) Bruck and lablab, Lablab purpureus L. Sweet], one grass/weed species [imperata, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Rauschel] and a cereal (maize, Zea mays L.) were used. There were three soil treatments (fumigation, fumigation plus inoculation with Meloidogyne species, and an untreated control). Plant parasitic nematode populations in soil, roots and nodules were determined at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after planting. The response of the phytoparasitic nematodes to soil treatments varied according to the plant species present. The predominant nematodes in soils, roots and nodules of legumes were of the genus Meloidogyne, whereas other genera of parasitic nematodes dominated the fauna in soils and roots of maize and imperata. Biomass yield of mucuna was not significantly affected by either Meloidogyne spp. or the other genera of phytoparasitic nematodes. In contrast, the dry matter yield of lablab measured at 12 weeks was reduced by 16% in inoculated compared with fumigated soils. Similarly, the biomass yields of maize and imperata were reduced by 10% and 29%, respectively, in unfumigated rather than fumigated soils. The amounts of N accumulated in mucuna, maize and imperata were not significantly affected by the two groups of plant parasitic nematodes. However, at 12 weeks, lablab grown on inoculated soils accumulated only 69% of the N found in plants grown on fumigated soils. Inoculation of soil with Meloidogyne spp. significantly increased the number of nodules on lablab roots compared with the non-inoculated treatments, whereas nodulation in mucuna was not affected by soil treatment. After 12 weeks, the quantity of N2 derived from symbiotic fixation in mucuna was not significantly affected by soil treatments whereas the amount of fixed N in lablab was 32% lower in inoculated than in fumigated soils. Possible mechanisms for the non-suppressive effect of plant parasitic nematodes on mucuna are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050654

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

6

Electronic Resource

Nitrogen contributions from decomposing cover crop residues to maize in a tropical derived savanna (2000)

Ibewiro, B. ; Sanginga, N. ; Vanlauwe, B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 57 (2000), S. 131-140

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: herbaceous legumes ; imperata ; N recovery ; residue quality ; N-synchronization

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract In cover cropping systems in the tropics with herbaceous legumes, plant residues are expected to supply nitrogen (N) to non-legume crops during decomposition. Field experiments were carried out to (i) determine the effects of residue quality on decomposition and N release patterns of selected plants in cover cropping systems, (ii) relate the pattern of residue N release to N uptake by maize in cover cropping systems. To study decomposition, litter bags were used and monitored over two maize growing seasons. The residues studied were mucuna (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wright) Bruck), lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), and leaves and rhizomes of imperata (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raueschel). Mucuna and lablab decomposed rapidly losing more than 60% of their dry weight within 28 days. In contrast, imperata decomposed slowly with only 25% of its dry matter lost in 56 days. At 28 days, mucuna had released 154 kg N ha-1 in in-situ mulch systems and 87 kg N ha-1 in live- mulch systems representing more than 50% of its N. More than 64% of N in lablab was released within 28 days amounting to 21 to 174 kg N ha-1. Imperata rhizomes mineralized 4 to 14 kg N ha-1 within 14 days, and subsequently immobilized N until 112 days whereas imperata leaves immobilized N throughout the study period. Decomposition and N release rates from the plant residues were most strongly correlated with the (lignin+polyphenol)/N ratio, N content, lignin/N ratio, polyphenol/N ratio, C/N ratio and lignin content of the residues. Relative to the controls, herbaceous legume residues increased maize dry matter yield and N uptake during the two cropping seasons. At 84 days, the maize crop had utilized 13 to 63 kg N ha-1from mucuna representing 13 to 36% of N released, whereas 16 to 25% of N released from mucuna was recovered by the maize crop at 168 days. The first maize crop recovered 9 to 62 kg N ha-1 or 28 to 35% of N released from lablab. However, at 168 days, N uptake by maize in antecedent live-mulched lablab was 32% higher than the quantity of N released, whereas imperata residues generally, resulted in net reduction of maize N uptake.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009846203062

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

7

Electronic Resource

Charge characteristics of soil organic matter fractions in a Ferric Lixisol under some multipurpose trees (2000)

Oorts, K. ; Vanlauwe, B. ; Cofie, O. O. ; [et al.]

Springer

Agroforestry systems 48 (2000), S. 169-188

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1572-9680

Keywords: biochemical composition ; cation exchange capacity ; particle size fractions ; soil organic matter

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) has a key role in maintaining soil fertility in weathered soils in the tropics. This study was conducted to determine the contribution of different SOM fractions to the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of a tropical soil as influenced by organic matter inputs of different biochemical composition. Soil samples were collected from a 16-yr old arboretum established on a Ferric Lixisol, under five multipurpose tree species: Leucaena leucocephala, Dactyladenia barteri, Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus santalinoides, and Treculia africana. Fractions were obtained by wet sieving and sedimentation after dispersion with Na2CO3. Fractions larger than 0.053 mm were separated into mineral and organic components by flotation on water. Relationships between CEC and pH were determined using the silverthioureum-method. For all treatments the organic fractions had the highest CEC, expressed on a dry matter basis, and the CEC of the fractions smaller than 0.053 mm was inversely related to their particle size: clay (〈 0.002 mm) 〉 fine silt (0.002–0.02 mm) 〉 coarse silt (0.02–0.053 mm). A positive correlation (significant at the 0.01 probability level) existed between the slope of the fitted CEC-pH relationships and the organic C concentrations of the whole soil and both silt fractions. The clay and fine silt fractions were responsible for 85 to 90% of the CEC of the soil. Organic inputs with a high C/N and lignin/N ratio produced fine and coarse silt sized SOM fractions with the highest charge density. Therefore, inputs of slowly decomposing organic residues seem to be promising for increasing the CEC of highly weathered soils.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006361229778

Permalink