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  • 2000-2004  (155)
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  • 1
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    Carbon contents of lower Cretaceous sediments from ODP Hole 198-1213B (Table 1) (2004)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Brassell, Simon C; Dumitrescu, Mirela; ODP Leg 198 Shipboard Scientific Pary (2004): Recognition of alkenones in a lower Aptian porcellanite from the west-central Pacific. Organic Geochemistry, 35(2), 181-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2003.09.003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: ODP Leg 198 drilling on Shatsky Rise recovered a lower Aptian porcellanite (~120.5 Ma) deposited during oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1a that contains C36-C39 alkadienones: C37:2 and C39:2 alkadien-2-ones and C36:2 and C38:2 alkadien-3-ones. This alkenone distribution differs from that typical of contemporary sediments and haptophyte algae, but resembles that of Cretaceous sediments from the Blake-Bahama basin. The discovery of alkenones in the early Aptian extends their sedimentary record by 15 M.y. to 120.5 M.y. and demonstrates the potential for long-term survival of these diagnostic functional lipids under favorable depositional conditions and subsequent shallow burial. It also contributes to the understanding and reconstruction of evolutionary developments in alkenone distributions and biosynthesis over geologic time.
    Keywords: 198-1213B; Carbon, inorganic, total; Carbon, organic, total; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; DSDP/ODP/IODP sample designation; Element analyser CNS, Carlo Erba NA1500; Joides Resolution; Leg198; Lithology/composition/facies; North Pacific Ocean; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP; Sample code/label; Stage
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 69 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tribological behaviors and molecular spectroscopic characterization of a lubricated piston ring/cylinder bore sliding contact under stepwise heating conditions (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial lubrication & tribology 54 (2002), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0036-8792
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The frictional behavior of a Mo alloy-coated piston ring sliding against cast iron cylinder bore was recorded as a function of temperature using a reciprocating tribotester and a fully formulated synthetic engine oil, with and without a friction modifier. It was observed that, as temperature increased in a stepwise mode, friction coefficients in the presence of MoDTC exhibited two local minimal values. Only one minimal friction coefficient value at 340–355?°C (µ = 0.065) was observed in the absence of MoDTC. Chemical characterization of worn tracks of the cylinder bore using reflected FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and ESCA, indicated that both the base stock and the tribological additives, ZDTP and MoDTC, experienced tribochemical reactions yielding MoO3, MoS2 and carbonaceous species as temperature ramped up stepwise. MoO3 and MoS2 reaction film formation are partially responsible for the local minimal friction coefficient found at the lower temperature and the ratio of the ordered carbon species accounts partially for the other local minimal friction coefficient found at the higher temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368790210424158
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Dietary Lipid and Energy to Protein Ratio on Growth and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Mutton Snapper Lutjanus analis Fed Isonitrogenous Diets at Two Temperatures (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Growth and feed utilization of juvenile, hatchery-reared mutton snapper Lutjanus analis (mean weight = 12.2 g) were compared for 40 d in laboratory aquaria on four isonitrogenous diets (45% crude protein) of varying lipid content (6, 9, 12 and 15%) with energy:protein ratios (E: P; kJ/g protein) of 33.9, 36.3, 38.8, and 41.2, respectively. Growth on these diets was compared under temperatures of 25 and 30 C. Final weights (Wtr) and specific growth rates (SGR) were higher (P 〈 0.05) at lower dietary E: P ratios of 33.9 and 36.3 (Wtr= 20.3–22.0 g; SGR = 1.25–1.35%/d) than at E:P ratios of 38.8 and 41.2 (Wtr= 17.2-17.7 g; SGR = 0.84–0.85%/d). Growth at 30 C (Wtr= 21.5 g, SGR = 1.35%/d) was higher (P 〈 0.05) than at 25 C (Wtr= 17.3 g; SGR = 0.82%/d). Feed consumption (FC) was higher (P 〈 0.05) at a dietary E: P ratio of 33.9 (1.57%/d) than at 36.3 (1.27%/d) or 38.8–41.2 (0.89–0.98%/d). Growth was highly correlated (P 〈 0.01) to E: P ratio and to feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio (FCR = 2.17–3.98), protein efficiency ratio (PER = 0.58–1.03) and apparent net protein retention (ANPR = 15.8–20.0%) were not significantly (P 〉 0.05) affected by dietary E: P ratio. Apparent net energy retention (ANER) was higher (P 〈 0.05) at E: P ratios of 33.9 and 36.3 (9.50–9.98%) than at E: P ratios of 38.8 and 41.2 (7.15–7.10%). Feed utilization parameters were significantly (P 〈 0.05) better at 30 C (FC = 1.36%/d; FCR = 2.6; PER = 0.88; ANER = 10.2%) than at 25 C (FC = 1.03%/d; FCR = 3.38; PER = 0.69; ANER = 6.72%), with the exception of ANPR (17.0–17.8%). Maximum growth and energy retention in juvenile mutton snapper using a diet containing 45% crude protein was obtained at dietary lipid levels of 6–9% and E: P ratios of 33.9–36.3 kJ/g protein. Studies which determine optimum protein levels and the effects of reducing E: P ratios below 33.9 kJ/g are needed to improve feed conversion and growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00919.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron acquisition and virulence in Helicobacter pylori: a major role for FeoB, a high-affinity ferrous iron transporter (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The genome sequence of Helicobacter pylori suggests that this bacterium possesses several Fe acquisition systems, including both Fe2+- and Fe3+-citrate transporters. The role of these transporters was investigated by generating insertion mutants in feoB, tonB, fecA1 and fecDE. Fe transport in the feoB mutant was ≈ 10-fold lower than in the wild type (with 0.5 μM Fe), irrespective of whether Fe was supplied in the Fe2+ or Fe3+ form. In contrast, transport rates were unaffected by the other mutations. Complementation of the feoB mutation fully restored both Fe2+ and Fe3+ transport. The growth inhibition exhibited by the feoB mutant in Fe-deficient media was relieved by human holo-transferrin, holo-lactoferrin and Fe3+-dicitrate, but not by FeSO4. The feoB mutant had less cellular Fe and was more sensitive to growth inhibition by transition metals in comparison with the wild type. Biphasic kinetics of Fe2+ transport in the wild type suggested the presence of high- and low-affinity uptake systems. The high-affinity system (apparent Ks = 0.54 μM) is absent in the feoB mutant. Transport via FeoB is highly specific for Fe2+ and was inhibited by FCCP, DCCD and vanadate, indicating an active process energized by ATP. Ferrozine inhibition of Fe2+ and Fe3+ uptake implied the concerted involvement of both an Fe3+ reductase and FeoB in the uptake of Fe supplied as Fe3+. Taken together, the results are consistent with FeoB-mediated Fe2+ uptake being a major pathway for H. pylori Fe acquisition. feoB mutants were unable to colonize the gastric mucosa of mice, indicating that FeoB makes an important contribution to Fe acquisition by H. pylori in the low-pH, low-O2 environment of the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01987.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topological analysis of DctQ, the small integral membrane protein of the C4-dicarboxylate TRAP transporter of Rhodobacter capsulatus (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 194 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (‘TRAP’) transporters are a novel group of bacterial and archaeal secondary solute uptake systems which possess a periplasmic binding protein, but which are unrelated to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) systems. In addition to the binding protein, TRAP transporters contain two integral membrane proteins or domains, one of which is 40–50 kDa with 12 predicted transmembrane (TM) helices, thought to be the solute import protein, while the other is 20–30 kDa and of unknown function. Using a series of plasmid-encoded β-lactamase fusions, we have determined the topology of DctQ, the smaller integral membrane protein from the high-affinity C4-dicarboxylate transporter of Rhodobacter capsulatus, which to date is the most extensively characterised TRAP transporter. DctQ was predicted by several topology prediction programmes to have four TM helices with the N- and C-termini located in the cytoplasm. The levels of ampicillin resistance conferred by the fusions when expressed in Escherichia coli were found to correlate with this predicted topology. The data have provided a topological model which can be used to test hypotheses concerning the function of the different regions of DctQ and which can be applied to other members of the DctQ family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb09439.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary biology (communication arising) Why do birds engage in extra-pair copulation? (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 422 (2003), S. 833-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Female birds often copulate with males that are not their social partner, but why they do this is unclear. Blomqvist et al. present evidence from three wader species showing that extra-pair fertilizations are more likely when social mates are genetically closely related. We argue, however, that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/422833a
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybridization and adaptive mate choice in flycatchers (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 411 (2001), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Hybridization in natural populations is strongly selected against when hybrid offspring have reduced fitness. Here we show that, paradoxically, pairing with another species may offer the best fitness return for an individual, despite reduced fitness of hybrid offspring. Two mechanisms reduce the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35075000
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Distribution of Wealth of Older Self-Employed Britons (2003)
    London, UK : The Institute for Fiscal Studies
    Fiscal studies 24 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Little is known about the wealth of older self-employed people, despite growing interest in this labour market group. This paper utilises the British Retirement Survey to fill the gap by providing novel estimates of their lifetime wealth. The findings dispel the idea that the self-employed live in poverty; indeed, they seem to be a relatively wealthy group, holding a broad spread of assets and subject to moderate lifetime wealth inequality. These findings may help inform modelling of retirement behaviour of this group, as well as pension policy design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2003.tb00075.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catchment urbanisation and increased benthic algal biomass in streams: linking mechanisms to management (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 49 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Urbanisation is an important cause of eutrophication in waters draining urban areas. We determined whether benthic algal biomass in small streams draining urban areas was explained primarily by small-scale factors (benthic light, substratum type and nutrient concentrations) within a stream, or by catchment-scale variables that incorporate the interacting multiple impacts of urbanisation (i.e. variables that describe urban density and the intensity of drainage or septic tank systems).2. Benthic algal biomass was assessed as chlorophyll a density (chl a) in 16 streams spanning a rural–urban gradient, with both a wide range of urban density and of piped stormwater infrastructure intensity on the eastern fringe of metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. The gradient of urban density among streams was broadly correlated with catchment imperviousness, drainage connection (proportion of impervious areas connected to streams by stormwater pipes), altitude, longitude and median phosphorus concentration. Catchment area, septic tank density, median nitrogen concentration, benthic light (photosynthetically active radiation) and substratum type were not strongly correlated with the urban gradient.3. Variation in benthic light and substratum type within streams explained a relatively small amount of variation in log chl a (3–11 and 1–13%, respectively) compared with between-site variation (39–54%).4. Median chl a was positively correlated with catchment urbanisation, with a large proportion of variance explained jointly (as determined by hierarchical partitioning) by those variables correlated with urban density. Independent of this correlation, the contributions of drainage connection and altitude to the explained variance in chl a were significant.5. The direct connection of impervious surfaces to streams by stormwater pipes is hypothesised as the main determinant of algal biomass in these streams through its effect on the supply of phosphorus, possibly in interaction with stormwater-related impacts on grazing fauna. Management of benthic algal biomass in streams of urbanised catchments is likely to be most effective through the application of stormwater management approaches that reduce drainage connection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01225.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental method to investigate the structure and kinetics of patterned surfaces using laser light diffraction (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 108-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a novel experimental method using the diffraction of a He–Ne laser beam to study surfaces patterned with structures on mesoscopic to macroscopic length scales. The technique provides high spatial and temporal resolution; it is not limited to periodic, artificial structures, but is also well suited to study the development of self-organized surface relief. Measurements can be performed under in situ conditions in a diffraction mode or an imaging mode, providing (1) qualitative and quantitative information on the surface structures, (2) information on time-dependent surface changes with a resolution of 10 μs or better, (3) observation of incubation processes (including determination of incubation time) in first-order, displacive phase transformations, and (4) observation of the surface in real space, in particular, the pattern evolution as a function of temperature or other parameters. As an example we show results of the application of our method to a Ni0.63Al0.37 single crystal undergoing a martensitic transformation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1425774
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