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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamatergic synapses on oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system occurs at specialized synaptic junctions between neurons, where a high concentration of glutamate directly activates receptor channels. Low-affinity AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl isoxazole propionic acid) and kainate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35012083
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain-state- and cell-type-specific firing of hippocampal interneurons in vivo (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 421 (2003), S. 844-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Neural-network oscillations at distinct frequencies have been implicated in the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of information in the hippocampus. Some GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-containing interneurons fire phase-locked to theta oscillations (4–8 Hz) or to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01374
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Full effects of oil rigs on corals are not yet known (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 242-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Bell and Smith in their Brief Communication said that the azooxanthellate scleractinian Lophelia pertusa (L.) had been found on oil platforms in the North Sea. They also state that corals such as those on Brent Spar and those near the Beryl Alpha platform “have been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002190
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High speed laser shadowgraphy for electromagnetically driven cylindrical implosions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3230-3236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A laser shadowgraphy system for high-speed imaging of a convergent cylindrical shockwave generated by an electromagnetically driven solid density liner implosion in Lucite is described. The laser shadowgraphy system utilizes an advanced high-energy, long-pulse, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser for target illumination and a fast framing camera for multiple frame imaging of the shockwave as it radially converges and transits the Lucite. The time window resolution is 10 ns as determined by the fastest exposure time capable with the camera. Two on-axis symmetric implosions and two off-axis asymmetric implosion experiments were fielded at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Shiva Star 4.2 MJ capacitor bank z-pinch facility. For each experimental shot, the shadowgraphy system captured several frames of shadowgraph images as the shockwave moved through the Lucite. Analysis of the shockwave shadowgraph image shapes is done by fitting each shadowgraph image to a generic elliptical fit function and plotting the resultant two-dimensional image fits for comparison. For the on-axis symmetric implosion shots, a radial trajectory plot is extracted and a radial shock velocity is calculated. The Lucite shock speed is seen to increase monotonically from an initial velocity of 7.9 mm/μs to a near final velocity of 13.4 mm/μs as convergence effects dominate the shock speed calculated at small radii. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386908
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scalar variational method for resonant modes of oxide-apertured vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 10-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A scalar variational method for calculating the mode sizes and resonant wavelengths of the eigenmodes in oxide-apertured vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers is presented. This method uses Hermite–Gaussian (TEMmp) functions to approximate the transverse-field variations of the eigenmodes. It is applicable to devices with circular, square, or rectangular apertures. Calculated results for the four lowest-order modes show that aperture size, thickness, and axial position are important factors in determining the blueshift in resonant wavelengths, wavelength separation between eigenmodes, and mode sizes. When the geometric symmetry is broken, as in rectangular-apertured devices, the degeneracy between the TEM01 and TEM10 is also lifted. For validation of the model presented, three vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structures with different oxide thicknesses were grown and fabricated for this study. The resonant wavelength characteristics of near-square and rectangular devices were assessed. The theoretical results are found to agree well with the experimental observations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371819
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does an antagonistic relationship between ABA and ethylene mediate shoot growth when tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants encounter compacted soil? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study tested the hypothesis that antagonistic interactions between abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene mediate the effects of soil compaction on shoot growth. Isogenic wild-type (Ailsa Craig), ABA-deficient (notabilis) and a transgenic (ACO1AS) tomato genotype with a reduced capacity to synthesize ethylene were examined. Exogenous ABA was also applied. Leaf area was comparable when Ailsa Craig and ACO1AS were grown in uncompacted (1·1 g cm−3) or compacted (1·5 g cm−3) soil, but was lower in notabilis. However, a 1·1/1·5 g cm−3 split-pot treatment invoked marked genotypic differences, whereby leaf area was comparable to 1·1 g cm−3 control plants in ACO1AS but was intermediate between the 1·1 and 1·5 g cm−3 treatments in Ailsa Craig and notabilis. ABA may be discounted as the root-sourced signal responsible for reducing leaf area when the roots encountered compacted soil as Ailsa Craig and ACO1AS showed differing responses despite similar increases in xylem sap ABA concentration; leaf area was invariably lower in notabilis. These genotypic differences were correlated with ethylene evolution; thus the greater leaf area in ACO1AS was associated with its reduced ability to synthesize ethylene, whereas the reductions in leaf expansion observed when Ailsa Craig and notabilis encountered compacted soil were accompanied by increased ethylene production. Application of ABA had little effect on ACO1AS, but promoted a recovery of leaf expansion in notabilis, and more surprisingly in Ailsa Craig. These results suggest that antagonistic interactions between ABA and ethylene may regulate leaf expansion when the root system simultaneously encounters uncompacted and compacted soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00639.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards improved ground models for slope instability evaluations through better characterization of sediment-hosted gas-hydrates (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Recently developed effective stress-controlled geophysical property models are used in passive-margin slope instability analyses including simulated earthquake motion. The pressure–temperature (P–T) history of sediment-hosted gas hydrate may significantly alter the geophysical property profile of the sediment column (e.g. metastable cement or increased pore pressures). This can result in significant amplification of earthquake ground motion, and thus seabed instability, where hydrates are present. Published studies suggest destabilization of these high-pressure/low-temperature sediment-hosted hydrates could trigger catastrophic slope failures with consequent liberation of ‘greenhouse’ gases and significant effects on global climate. To provide improved ground models for slope instability analyses we are investigating the influence of P–T history on hydrate distribution in sediments through the development of laboratory techniques to enable geophysical quantification of hydrate morphology and fabric on hydrate stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00451.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of Dried Apple Pomace as a Press Aid to Improve the Quality of Strawberry, Raspberry, and Blueberry Juices (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : We analyzed the effects of press aids on strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry juice quality and evaluated the effectiveness of dried apple pomace as an alternative press aid. Juice yields with apple pomace were similar to the yields from using rice hulls and paper. Triangle difference tests showed that there were differences between the berry juices pressed with conventional press aid to the berry juices pressed with apple pomace press aid, and paired comparison preference tests showed that the berry juices pressed with apple pomace were preferred. Flavor analysis using gas chromatography-olfactometry indicated possible off-flavors being extracted from rice hulls, such as indole and 4-vinylguaical, and from paper, such as (Z)-2-octenal and 2-nonenal, into the berry juices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb06361.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An archaeal XPF repair endonuclease dependent on a heterotrimeric PCNA (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Archaea share many similarities with eukarya in their information processing pathways and have proven to be a useful model for studies of DNA replication and transcription, but DNA repair pathways are not well understood in archaea. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) deals with many bulky DNA lesions and involves over 30 proteins in eukarya. Archaeal NER has not been characterized biochemically, but homologues of the human repair nucleases XPF and XPG have been identified by homology searches. Crenarchaeal XPF proteins have a simplified domain structure, consisting of the C-terminal nuclease domain conserved   in   XPF   and   Mus81   but   lacking   the   N-terminal ‘helicase’ domain that is found in eukaryal and euryarchaeal sequences. Unexpectedly, Sulfolobus XPF is only active in the presence of the sliding clamp PCNA, which is a heterotrimer in this organism. Interactions with two of the three subunits of PCNA are mediated via a C-terminal interaction motif. The PCNA-XPF complex acts as a structure-specific nuclease on a similar range of DNA flap, bubble and junction substrates as the human protein, suggesting a fundamental conservation through billions of years of evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03444.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive characteristics of female longnose dace in the Coweeta Creek drainage, North Carolina, USA (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract – We examined the reproductive characteristics of 38 female longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) from one of the southernmost populations of this species during two sampling periods in 1999 (ES=March 1999, LS=June 1999). Our data indicated that ES fish had not spawned, whereas LS fish had begun spawning. The smallest mature female captured was 56 mm SL (age 1+). Mean potential fecundity differed significantly between ES (mean±1 SD=1832±572 oocytes) and LS (mean±1 SD=775±415 oocytes) specimens. Potential fecundity was positively correlated with both standard length and somatic mass for both ES and LS specimens. Oocyte diameter frequency histograms indicated that ES specimens possessed two modes of oocytes, whereas LS fish contained two or three modes. Female longnose dace appeared to spawn more than once during a reproductive season. Oocyte number varied substantially both among individuals within periods and between periods. The number of Mode II oocytes in ES fish was positively correlated with both length and somatic mass. Female longnose dace appeared potentially capable of spawning 6+ clutches per year. GSI values for longnose dace ranged from a high of 21.4% (LS specimen) to 2.4% (ES specimen). Regression analysis demonstrated that there was no evidence of differential reproductive effort between longnose dace of different size in this population./〉
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2001.100308.x
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