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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cyanobacterial blooms on thermal stratification (2000)
    Springer
    Limnology 1 (2000), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-863X
    Keywords: Key words Enclosure experiment ; Cyanobacterial algae blooms ; Vertical mixing ; Available potential energy ; Thermal stratification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Enclosure experiments were performed at Akanoi Bay, Lake Biwa, in 1995 to determine whether the blooms of cyanobacterial algae changed thermal stratification in the lake. We used four rectangular enclosures, each 10 m × 10 m, with a volume of 200 m3, which were open to the sediments. Two enclosures, A and B, were mixed artificially by aquatic pumps from 1000 to 1400 every day, and the other two enclosures, C and D, were controls with no mixing. The experiment was conducted during late summer from August 3 to September 27. Chlorophyll a concentrations were highest in enclosure D, followed by enclosure C, both of which were controls without mixing. Enclosure A had lower concentrations than enclosures C and D, and enclosure B had the lowest concentrations. No large cyanobacterial algae blooms of Anabaena sp. and Microcystis sp. were seen in the mixed enclosures A and B. In enclosures C and D, blooms of Anabaena sp. occurred in the middle of August, and Microcystis sp. later became dominant in enclosure D at the end of August. In enclosure D, the water temperature changed over the diel cycle before August 17, with thermal stratification during the day and complete mixing at night. After August 17, as Anabaena sp. and Microcystis sp. became dominant, the temperature at the bottom of the enclosure did not change clearly over the 24-h cycle. The APE (available potential energy) density (a measure of water column stability) in the enclosures increased by almost 100% when the biovolume of Anabaena sp. + Microcystis sp. exceeded 20 mm3 l−1. These results indicate that blooms of Anabaena sp. and Microcystis sp. can increase the available potential energy in the water column and create more stable stratification for their growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s102010070006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydraulic Conductivity of an Allophanic Andisol Leached with Dilute Acid Solutions (2000)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 64 (2000), S. 813-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Keywords: SAR, sodium adsorption ratio K, saturated hydraulic conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: K ) of allophanic andisol (volcanic ash soil), which has a substantial amount of pH-dependent charges, during dilute acid leaching were examined in this study. K was determined at a constant hydraulic gradient in soil columns. Influent solutions of HNO3 and H2SO4 were prepared at pH 3 and 4. Tensiometer pressure potential and pH distribution in the soil columns were measured. Clay dispersion was measured by optical transmission and soil buffer capacity was evaluated from acid titration curves. K decreased during HNO3 leaching but increased during H2SO4 leaching. Because of the high buffer capacity of the soil, the influence of acid leaching on the soil structure was significant only at the soil surface. Soil dispersion was observed only in HNO3 solution. No dispersion was observed in H2SO4 solution because of the strong specific adsorption of SO2− 4. The swelling and dispersion of the soil at the surface layer caused the decrease in K during HNO3 leaching, while these processes were prevented in H2SO4 leaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of Bone Mineral Density with Polymorphism of the Human Calcium-Sensing Receptor Locus (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A strong correlation between bone mass and genetic factors has been shown in twins and family studies. Some of the genes involved would regulate bone metabolism, bone formation, and resorption, all processes that determine bone mass. One candidate genes, calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in the parathyroid gland, regulates calcium homeostasis by sensing decreases in extracellular calcium level and effecting an increase in secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium (Ca) reabsorption in the kidney. We have investigated a possible association between the CA-repeat polymorphism at the human CASR gene locus and the bone mineral density (BMD) of radial bone in 472 postmenopausal Japanese women. Genotypes were classified into nine groups according to the number of CA repeats present, from 20 to 12. BMD was expressed as the adjusted BMD, which was the body mass index (BMI), and age-adjusted average BMD. The 247 women who had an A3 allele (228 bp, containing 18 repeats of CA) had significantly lower adjusted BMD (mean ± SD: 0.303 ± 0.059 versus 0.316 ± 0.063 g/cm2; P= 0.0308) than the participants (n = 201) who did not carry an allele of that size. This result suggests that genetic variation at the CASR gene locus is associated with some determinants for BMD in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005835
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of true particle image displacement based on false correlation symmetry at poor signal peak detectability (2000)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 29 (2000), S. S023 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A novel extension of cross-correlation particle image velocimetry (PIV), based on false correlation symmetry (FCS) around the real signal peak, is proposed to detect the true displacement correlation below noise level at poor signal conditions. The technique is introduced in the light of the main influential parameters, namely particle image loss, velocity gradients, correlation overlapping, and non-uniform illumination. Searching for FCS in the Fourier domain and among correlation peaks is examined. The latter is evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulation on synthetic PIV images and also on a real vortex shedding flow field. Lower than one detectability (D 0 〈 1) and the possibility to achieve higher spatial resolution are the clear merits of using FCS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480070004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and Application of Porous Vitrified-Bonded Wheel with Ultra-Fine Diamond Abrasives (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 257-258 (Feb. 2004), p. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/47/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.257-258.251.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic structure and chromosomal mapping of the human Site-1 protease (S1P) gene (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 45 (2000), S. 212-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Site-1 protease (S1P) ; Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Site-1 protease (S1P) is a subtilisin-related enzyme that cleaves sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum, thereby initiating the release of transcriptionally active NH2-terminal fragments of SREBPs from membranes. In the experiments reported here, we localized the human S1P gene to chromosome 16q24 by fluorescent in situ hybridization and radiation-hybrid mapping, and determined its genomic structure. This gene is more than 60 kb long and contains 23 exons and 22 introns. Its transcription-initiation site within exon 1 is separate from the initiation codon in exon 2. Analysis of the exon/intron structure revealed that the S1P gene consists of a mosaic of functional units: exon 1 encodes the 5′ non-translated region; exon 2 encodes the NH2-terminal signal sequence; and exons 2 and 3 encode the pro-peptide sequence that is released when S1P is self-activated by intramolecular cleavage. Exons 5–10 encode the subtilisin-homology domain that is critical for catalytic activity, and exon 23 encodes the transmembrane region. Analysis of the putative promoter region revealed a highly G/C-rich region containing a binding site for ADD1/SREBP-1, as well as Sp1 and AP2 sites. Therefore, expression of the S1P gene may be under the control of SREBP-1, a key regulator of the expression of genes essential for intracellular lipid metabolism. Our data establish a basis for investigations to detect molecular variants in this gene that may alter levels of plasma lipoproteins and/or otherwise disrupt intracellular lipid metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380070029
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of bone mineral density with a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the calcitonin (CT) locus (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 45 (2000), S. 346-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Calcitonin gene ; Bone mineral density ; Osteoporosis ; Microsatellite polymorphism ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calcitonin (CT), a calcium-regulating hormone, lowers the calcium level in serum by inhibiting bone resorption. Because CT may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, genetic variations in or adjacent to the CT gene may be associated with variations in bone mineral density (BMD). The present study examined the correlation between a dinucleotide (cytosine-adenine; CA) repeat polymorphism at the CT locus and BMD in 311 Japanese postmenopausal women (mean age, 64.1 years). Seven alleles were present in this population; each allele contained 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 CA repeats. Thus, we designated the respective genotypes A10, A11, A16, A17, A18, A19, and A20. The A10 and A17 alleles were the predominant alleles in the population studied. Z scores (a parameter representing deviation from the age-specific weight-adjusted average BMD) were compared between individuals that possessed one or two alleles of each genotype and those that did not possess the allele. Subjects who possessed one or two A10 alleles had lower BMD Z scores than those who did not (lumbar 2–4 BMD Z score; −0.148 ± 1.23 vs 0.182 ± 1.54; P = 0.04). No significant relationships were observed between allelic status and background data or biochemical parameters. The significant association observed between BMD and genetic variations at the CT locus implies that polymorphism at this locus may be a useful marker for the genetic study of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380070006
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-segregation of elevated LDL with a novel mutation (D92K) of the LDL receptor in a kindred with multiple lipoprotein abnormalities (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 45 (2000), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Hyperlipoproteinemia ; Lipoproteins ; LDL receptor ; Familial combined hyperlipidemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Factors predisposing to the phenotypic features of familial combined hyperlipidemia have not been clearly defined. In the course of investigating familial coronary artery disease in Utah, we identified a three-generation family in which multiple members were affected with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IIa), type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IIb), or type IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IV). Because several family members had relatively severe low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol elevation, in order to dissect the possible contribution to the plasma lipoprotein abnormalities in this pedigree, we identified a novel point mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene, a G-to-A transition at nucleotide position 337 in exon 4. This change substituted lysine for glutamic acid at codon 92 (D92K) of the LDL receptor. By means of mutant allele-specific amplification we determined that the mutation co-segregated with elevated cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the plasma of family members with HLP IIa and HLP IIb, but not with the elevated plasma triglycerides seen in HLP IIb and HLP IV patients. Thus, in families with apparent familial combined hyperlipidemia, a defective LDLR allele and other genetic or environmental factors that elevate plasma triglycerides may account for the multiple lipid phenotypes observed in this kindred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380050202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic structure of the gene encoding human 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase: comparison of exon/intron organization of sterol-sensing domains among four related genes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 45 (2000), S. 284-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Exon shuffling ; Sterol-sensing domain ; 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase ; Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) ; Niemann-Pick type C1 protein (NPC1) ; Patched
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We determined the genomic structure of the human gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate and is the rate-limiting and major regulatory enzyme in sterol biosynthesis. The gene is more than 21 kb long, about five times the size of its corresponding cDNA. It consists of 20 exons, ranging in size from 68 to 1809 bp. An amino-terminal hydrophobic membrane-bound domain is encoded by exons 2–10, a flexible linker domain by exons 10 and 11, and the catalytic domain by exons 11–20. Exons 3–7 encode a sterol-sensing domain. We compared its genomic structure in this region with the sterol-sensing domains of three related genes, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), Niemann-Pick type C1 protein (NPC1), and a morphogen receptor, Patched. Two of the five positions of introns in the sterol-sensing domain of the HMG-CoA reductase gene were identical to the exon/intron organization of this domain in the related human genes, but these positions of introns were not conserved in homologues from lower organisms, except in one instance. The data suggested that exon-shuffling may have occurred during relatively recent evolution; this would account for the structural similarity of this domain in four quite different human proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380070017
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  • 10
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    Rescue of hereditary form of dilated cardiomyopathy by rAAV-mediated somatic gene therapy: Amelioration of morphological findings, sarcolemmal permeability, cardiac performances, and the prognosis of TO-2 hamsters (2002)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-22
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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