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  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-03-17
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-02-20
    Description: The seasonal and interannual variation in the lower mesospheric subtropical jet (LMSJ) and their dependence on the 11-year solar cycle are studied by comparing observational data with simulations by two general circulation models. In the model simulations, a strengthening of the LMSJs is found in both hemispheres during the winter under the solar maximum condition, similar to the observation. However the model responses are substantially smaller except for one case in the southern hemisphere. It is also found that the stronger LMSJ due to an enhanced solar forcing appears during the period which follows an increasing period of interannual variation. Analysis of the observed seasonal march of the LMSJ in each year shows two different regimes of behavior. For a successful simulation, the model should realistically reproduce the observed interannual variability as well as the climatological mean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 29 (21).
    Publication Date: 2018-02-20
    Description: The early major warming in December 2001 is described and compared to the two other December major warmings in 1998 and 1987, showing a strong tropospheric-stratospheric coupling in all three cases. We argue that the occurrence of free westward propagating Rossby waves interacting with a forced quasi-stationary wave number 1 led to these three early events. The possible excitation of these waves is discussed with respect to the tropospheric circulation, which showed strong blockings over the northern Atlantic prior to the early major warmings.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Sage Publishing
    In:  Holocene, 13 (3). pp. 311-317.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-29
    Description: The understanding of natural and anthropogenic climatic change is an important issue in recent studies. The influence of the Sun (11-year solar cycle) as a natural variability factor on the atmosphere is discussed. Statistical studies with observational data (NCEP/NCAR re-analyses) covering four solar cycles show high correlations between the 11 -year solar signal and meteorological parameters, e.g., the geopotential heights and temperatures, in the lower stratosphere and troposphere. Studies with general circulation models (GCM) have discussed the possibility of an indirect dynamical response to direct changes in solar irradiance and ozone in the stratosphere. A physical mechanism explaining the solar influence on the atmosphere is still missing. Part of the mechanism understood so far and ideas from model and observational studies are presented.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-06-21
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Description: Diese Arbeit zeigt den Einfluss von 11-jährig variierenden solaren UV-Strahlungsänderungen auf die Atmosphäre anhand von Studien mit einem dreidimensionalen Modell der Mittleren Atmosphäre (Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model (FUB-CMAM)). Erstmals kann der Mechanismus für die Übertragung des Sonnensignales von der oberen Stratosphäre bis in die Troposphäre, wie er bisher verstanden und aus Beobachtungen abgeleitet wurde, mit einem Modell nachvollzogen werden. Im FUB-CMAM wurde zuerst die kurzwellige Strahlungsparametrisierung verfeinert, um die stark wellenlängenabhängigen solaren UV-Strahlungsänderungen mit dem 11-jährigen Sonnenfleckenzyklus genauer vorgeben zu können. Die Ergebnisse der Simulationen mit dieser erweiterten Modellversion wurden im Rahmen eines internationalen Modellvergleich-Projektes GRIPS mit den Ergebnissen von vier anderen Klimamodellen verglichen und die Defizite dieser Simulationen untereinander und im Vergleich zu Beobachtungen analysiert. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Ergebnisse wurden weitere Experimente mit dem FUB-CMAM durchgeführt, in denen systematisch die äquatoriale Windklimatologie verbessert wurde. Die Anpassung der äquatorialen Modellwinde an beobachtete Winde über die gesamte Stratosphäre mit einer quasi zweijährigen Windschwingung (Quasi-Biennial Oscillation) in der unteren und einer halbjährigen Schwingung (Semi-Annual Oscillation) in der oberen Stratosphäre stellte einen entscheidenden Schritt für die erste realistische Repräsentation des beobachteten stratosphärischen Sonnensignales im nordhemisphärischen Winter in einem Modell dar. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das direkte Sonnensignal aus der oberen Stratosphäre über dynamische Wechselwirkungsmechanismen verstärkt und bis in die Troposphäre hinein übertragen wird. Neben einer Erwärmung der mittleren Atmosphäre im Sonnenfleckenmaximum ergeben sich auch Änderungen von Zirkulationsmustern in der Troposphäre. Das Modell ist nicht nur in der Lage das Sonnensignal, sondern auch die beobachtete Wechselwirkung mit den tropischen Windschwingungen in den hohen Breiten zu reproduzieren: Wie in der Realität treten im Modell große Stratosphärenerwärmungen in der Westphase der QBO unter Sonnenfleckenmaximum-Bedingungen auf. Das Verständnis für den Einfluss der Sonnenvariabilität auf das Klima ist für eine genauere Bestimmung der natürlichen Variabilität der Atmosphäre von außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Damit können der anthropogen bedingte Anteil der globalen Erwärmung besser abgeschätzt und künftige Klimaentwicklungen genauer vorhergesagt werden. Die Arbeit zeigt unter anderem, dass die indirekten Zirkulationsänderungen aufgrund von direkten UV-Strahlungsänderungen in der Stratosphäre nicht zu vernachlässigende Größenordnungen erreichen und daher bei zukünftigen Klimaabschätzungen ergänzend zu den anthropogenen Faktoren berücksichtigt werden sollten.
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 109 (D6). Art.Nr. D06101.
    Publication Date: 2017-11-28
    Description: So far, general circulation model studies have not been able to capture the magnitude and characteristics of the observed 11-year solar signal in the stratosphere satisfactorily. Here results from model experiments with the Freie Universität Berlin Climate Middle Atmosphere Model are presented that are in considerable agreement with observations. The experiments used realistic spectral solar irradiance changes, ozone changes from a two-dimensional radiative-chemical-transport model, and a relaxation toward observed equatorial wind profiles throughout the stratosphere. During Northern Hemisphere winter a realistic poleward downward propagation of the polar night jet (PNJ) anomalies, significantly weaker planetary wave activity, and a weaker mean meridional circulation under solar maximum conditions are reproduced in the model. The observed interaction between the Sun and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) is captured and stratospheric warmings occur preferentially in the west phase of the QBO. Only the magnitude of the anomalies during the dynamically active season improves, whereas the summer signal and the signal at low latitudes are still too weak. The results emphasize the important role of equatorial winds in achieving a more realistic solar signal by producing a more realistic wind climatology. Furthermore, they confirm recent results that equatorial winds in the upper stratosphere, the region dominated by the Semiannual Oscillation, are an important factor in determining interannual variability of the PNJ.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Meteorological Research Institute
    In:  Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics, 54 (2). pp. 71-90.
    Publication Date: 2020-06-15
    Description: The GRIPS solar intercomparison project presented here is part of the “GCM Reality Intercomparison Project for SPARC (GRIPS)” focusing only on the influence of 11-year solar-cycle variations on the atmosphere. The aim of the present comparison is to assess the problems related to the simulation of the solar influence in order to better define future experiments. Results from different GCMs will be presented to investigate whether there is any consistency between them or with existing model studies and observations. Each of the different GCMs used the same wavelength-dependent solar irradiance changes as well as the resulting ozone changes calculated with 2-D chemical models enabling a better intercomparison of the different GCMs. It turns out that each model response is different and that the model results are dependent on the model climatologies that vary widely both among themselves and with observations. One of the major problems encountered during the comparison is the lack of reliable observational evidence for the solar influence on climate (e.g., temperature, ozone). There are also important uncertainties of the forcings used for the model simulations (solar energy spectrum, ozone).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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