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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Isoforms of Rat Odontoblasts and Osteoblasts (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 60-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Odontoblasts — Osteoblasts — Sodium-calcium exchanger — Alternative splicing — Mineralization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In odontoblasts as well as osteoblasts, a number of mechanisms for the inflow and extrusion of Ca2+ have been demonstrated. The entrance of Ca2+ ions into odontoblasts occurs mainly through voltage-gated calcium channels. Extrusion of Ca2+ is found to be an ATP-dependent process and, in addition, Na+/Ca2+-antiports exist, which are provoked by extracellular Na+. The aim of this study was to identify the Na+/Ca2+-antiport isoforms expressed in dentinogenically active rat incisor odontoblasts and to make a comparison with different osteoblastic cells. Using RT-PCR and RNAse protection assay, we demonstrated the expression of three different isoforms, NaCa 3, 7, and 10, of the NCX1-encoded antiport in odontoblasts and osteoblastic cells. When incubated in the presence of Na+, dissected rat incisor odontoblasts as well as the osteoblastic cells extruded Ca2+ ions, as detected by chlorotetracycline and Fura-2 fluorometry, thus supporting a physiological role for the detected isoform expression. Odontoblasts and rat calvarial osteoblasts, as well as osteoblast-like cell lines UMR-106.01 and Saos-2, were shown to exhibit identical phenotypes of Na+/Ca2+-antiport isoform expression, different from the expression patterns of other tissues. The significance of this specific expression pattern is unknown, but there is a possibility that it is in some way related to the unique demands on these cell types to produce mineralized connective tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223001098
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Axial motion and scalar transport in stretched spiral vortices (2001)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1070-6631
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Linearly Forced Isotropic Turbulence (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Stationary isotropic turbulence is often studied numerically by adding a forcing term to the Navier-Stokes equation. This is usually done for the purpose of achieving higher Reynolds number and longer statistics than is possible for isotropic decaying turbulence. It is generally accepted that forcing the Navier-Stokes equation at low wave number does not influence the small scale statistics of the flow provided that there is wide separation between the largest and smallest scales. It will be shown, however, that the spectral width of the forcing has a noticeable effect on inertial range statistics. A case will be made here for using a broader form of forcing in order to compare computed isotropic stationary turbulence with (decaying) grid turbulence. It is shown that using a forcing function which is directly proportional to the velocity has physical meaning and gives results which are closer to both homogeneous and non-homogeneous turbulence. Section 1 presents a four part series of motivations for linear forcing. Section 2 puts linear forcing to a numerical test with a pseudospectral computation.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs 2003; 461-473
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    A Eulerian-Lagrangian Model to Simulate Two-Phase/Particulate Flows (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Figure 1 shows a snapshot of liquid fuel spray coming out of an injector nozzle in a realistic gas-turbine combustor. Here the spray atomization was simulated using a stochastic secondary breakup model (Apte et al. 2003a) with point-particle approximation for the droplets. Very close to the injector, it is observed that the spray density is large and the droplets cannot be treated as point-particles. The volume displaced by the liquid in this region is significant and can alter the gas-phase ow and spray evolution. In order to address this issue, one can compute the dense spray regime by an Eulerian-Lagrangian technique using advanced interface tracking/level-set methods (Sussman et al. 1994; Tryggvason et al. 2001; Herrmann 2003). This, however, is computationally intensive and may not be viable in realistic complex configurations. We therefore plan to develop a methodology based on Eulerian-Lagrangian technique which will allow us to capture the essential features of primary atomization using models to capture interactions between the fluid and droplets and which can be directly applied to the standard atomization models used in practice. The numerical scheme for unstructured grids developed by Mahesh et al. (2003) for incompressible flows is modified to take into account the droplet volume fraction. The numerical framework is directly applicable to realistic combustor geometries. Our main objectives in this work are: Develop a numerical formulation based on Eulerian-Lagrangian techniques with models for interaction terms between the fluid and particles to capture the Kelvin- Helmholtz type instabilities observed during primary atomization. Validate this technique for various two-phase and particulate flows. Assess its applicability to capture primary atomization of liquid jets in conjunction with secondary atomization models.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs 2003; 161-171
    Format: application/pdf
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