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  • 1
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    Use of radon for evaluation of atmospheric transport models: sensitivity to emissions (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0280-6509
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0889
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University.
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  • 2
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    Use of radon for evaluation of atmospheric transport models: sensitivity to emissions (2004)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0280-6509
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0889
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University.
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  • 3
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    On the size of the Antarctic ozone hole (2004)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 4
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    Sensitivity Studies for Space-based Measurement of Atmospheric Total Column Carbon Dioxide Using Reflected Sunlight (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: A series of sensitivity studies is carried out to explore the feasibility of space-based global carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements for global and regional carbon cycle studies. The detection method uses absorption of reflected sunlight in the CO2 vibration-rotation band at 1.58 microns. The sensitivities of the detected radiances are calculated using the line-by-line model (LBLRTM), implemented with the DISORT (Discrete Ordinates Radiative Transfer) model to include atmospheric scattering in this band. The results indicate that (a) the small (approx.1%) changes in CO2 near the Earth's surface are detectable in this CO2 band provided adequate sensor signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution are achievable; (b) the radiance signal or sensitivity to CO2 change near the surface is not significantly diminished even in the presence of aerosols and/or thin cirrus clouds in the atmosphere; (c) the modification of sunlight path length by scattering of aerosols and cirrus clouds could lead to large systematic errors in the retrieval; therefore, ancillary aerosol/cirrus cloud data are important to reduce retrieval errors; (d) CO2 retrieval requires good knowledge of the atmospheric temperature profile, e.g. approximately 1K RMS error in layer temperature; (e) the atmospheric path length, over which the CO2 absorption occurs, must be known in order to correctly interpret horizontal gradients of CO2 from the total column CO2 measurement; thus an additional sensor for surface pressure measurement needs to be attached for a complete measurement package.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Detecting the Recovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The Antarctic ozone hole develops each year and culminates by early Spring. Antarctic ozone values have been monitored since 1979 using satellite observations from the TOMS instrument. The severity of the hole has been assessed from TOMS using the minimum total ozone value from the October monthly mean (depth of the hole) and by calculating the average size during the September-October period. Ozone is mainly destroyed by halogen catalytic cycles, and these losses are modulated by temperature variations in the collar of the polar lower stratospheric vortex. In this presentation, we show the relationships of halogens and temperature to both the size and depth of the hole. Because atmospheric halogen levels are responding to international agreements that limit or phase out production, the amount of halogens in the stratosphere should decrease over the next few decades. Using projections of halogen levels combined with age-of-air estimates, we find that the ozone hole is recovering at an extremely slow rate and that large ozone holes will regularly recur over the next 2 decades. We will show estimates of both when the ozone hole will begin to show first signs of recovery, and when the hole will fully recover to pre-1980 levels.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: 2004 Fall American Geophysical Union Meeting; Dec 13, 2004 - Dec 17, 2004; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    What Controls the Size of the Antarctic Ozone Hole? (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The Antarctic ozone hole is a region of extremely large ozone depletion that is roughly centered over the South Pole. Since 1979, the area coverage of the ozone hole has grown from near zero size to over 24 Million square kilometers. In the 8-year period from 1981 to 1989, the area expanded by 18 Million square kilometers. During the last 5 years, the hole has been observed to exceed 25 Million square kilometers over brief periods. We will review these size observations, the size trends, and the interannual variability of the size. The area is derived from the area enclosed by the 220 DU total ozone contour. We will discuss the rationale for the choice of 220 DU: 1) it is located near the steep gradient between southern mid-latitudes and the polar region, and 2) 220 DU is a value that is lower than the pre- 1979 ozone observations over Antarctica during the spring period. The phenomenal growth of the ozone hole was directly caused by the increases of chlorine and bromine compounds in the stratosphere. In this talk, we will show the relationship of the ozone hole's size to the interannual variability of Antarctic spring temperatures. In addition, we will show the relationship of these same temperatures to planetary-scale wave forcings.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: AMS Meeting; Nov 04, 2002 - Nov 07, 2002; San Antonio, TX; United States
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  • 7
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    Progress on Passive Sensor for Ultra-Precise Measurement of Carbon Dioxide from Space (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Global measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxides (CO2) are needed to resolve significant discrepancies that exist in our understanding of the global carbon budget and, therefore, man's role in global climate change. The science measurement requirements for CO2 are extremely demanding (precision c .3%) No atmospheric chemical species has ever been measured from space with this precision. We are developing a novel application of a Fabry-Perot interferometer to detect spectral absorption of reflected sunlight by CO2 and O2 in the atmosphere. Preliminary design studies indicate that the method will be able to achieve the sensitivity and signal-to-noise required to measure column CO2 at the target specification. We are presently engaged in the construction of a prototype instrument for deployment on an aircraft to test the instrument performance and our ability to retrieve the data in the real atmosphere. In the first 6 months we have assembled a laboratory bench system to begin testing the optical and electronic components. We are also undertaking some measurements of signal and noise levels for actual sunlight reflecting from the ground. We shall present results from some of these ground based studies and discuss their implications for a space based system.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment and Space; Oct 23, 2002 - Oct 27, 2002; Hangzhou; China
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  • 8
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    Progress on Passive Sensor for Ultra-Precise Measurement of C02 (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We will present results from a novel instrument employing a Fabry-Perot interferometer to measure column carbon dioxide with great precision. These measurements are very important for improving our understanding of the global warming phenomenon. The instrument technique can be extended to a number of other important trace gases in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling: Needs and Technologies; Sep 14, 2003 - Sep 20, 2003; Leipzig,; Germany
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  • 9
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    An Assessment of the Ability of Potential Spaceborne Instruments to Resolve Spatial and Temporal Variability of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Mounting concern regarding the possibility that increasing carbon dioxide concentrations will initiate climate change has stimulated interest in the feasibility of measuring CO2 mixing ratios from satellites. Currently, the most comprehensive set of atmospheric CO2 data is from the NOAA CMDL cooperative air sampling network, consisting of more than 40 sites where flasks of air are collected approximately weekly. Sporadic observations in the troposphere and stratosphere from airborne in situ and flask samplers are also available. Although the surface network is extensive, there is a dearth of data in the Southern Hemisphere and most of the stations were intentionally placed in remote areas, far from major sources. Sufficiently precise satellite observations with adequate spatial and temporal resolution would substantially increase our knowledge of the atmospheric CO2 distribution and would undoubtedly lead to improved understanding of the global carbon budget. We use a 3-D chemical transport model to investigate the ability of potential satellite instruments with a variety of orbits, horizontal resolution and vertical weighting functions to capture the variation in the modeled CO2 fields. The model is driven by analyzed winds from the Goddard Data Assimilation Office. Simulated CO2 fields are compared with existing surface and aircraft data, and the effects of the model convection scheme and representation of the planetary boundary layer are considered.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: Sampling Issues in Observing the Atmosphere Meeting; Dec 10, 2001 - Dec 14, 2001; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Column CO2 (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Global atmospheric CO2 measurements are essential to resolving significant discrepancies in our understanding of the global carbon budget and, hence, humankind's role in global climate change. The science measurement requirements for CO2 are extremely demanding (precision is less than .3%). No atmospheric chemical species has ever been measured from space with this precision. We are developing a novel application of a Fabry-Perot interferometer to detect spectral absorption of reflected sunlight by CO2 and O2 in the atmosphere. Preliminary design studies indicate that the method will be able to achieve the sensitivity and signal-to-noise detection required to measure column CO2 at the target specification. The objective of this program is to construct a prototype instrument for deployment on an aircraft to test the instrument performance and our ability to retrieve the data in the real atmosphere. To date we have assembled a laboratory bench system to begin testing the optical and electronic components. We are also undertaking some measurements of signal and noise levels for actual sunlight reflecting from the ground in order to evaluate the potential of some components to meet the exacting requirements of this measurement.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
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