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  • 1
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    Raman lidar measurements of water vapor and cirrus clouds during the passage of Hurricane Bonnie (2001)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Raman Lidar Measurements of Water Vapor and Cirrus Clouds During the Passage of Hurricane Bonnie (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The NASA/GSFC Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL) was stationed on Andros Island in the Bahamas during August - September, 1998 as a part of the third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) which focussed on hurricane development and tracking. During the period August 21 - 24, hurricane Bonnie passed near Andros Island and influenced the water vapor and cirrus cloud measurements acquired by the SRL. Two drying signatures related to the hurricane were recorded by the SRL (Scanning Raman Lidar) and other sensors. Cirrus cloud optical depths (at 351 nm) were also measured during this period. Optical depth values ranged from approximately 0.01 to 1.4. The influence of multiple scattering on these optical depth measurements was studied with the conclusion that the measured values of optical depth are less than the actual value by up to 20% . The UV/IR cirrus cloud optical depth ratio was estimated based on a comparison of lidar and GOES measurements. Simple radiative transfer model calculations compared with GOES satellite brightness temperatures indicate that satellite radiances are significantly affected by the presence of cirrus clouds if IR optical depths are approximately 0.02 or greater. This has implications for satellite cirrus detection requirements.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Raman Lidar Measurements of Water Vapor and Cirrus Clouds During The Passage of Hurricane Bonnie (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The NASA/GSFC Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL) was stationed on Andros Island in the Bahamas during August - September, 1998 as a part of the third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) which focussed on hurricane development and tracking. During the period August 21 - 24, hurricane Bonnie passed near Andros Island and influenced the water vapor and cirrus cloud measurements acquired by the SRL. Two drying signatures related to the hurricane were recorded by the SRL and other sensors. Cirrus cloud optical depths (at 351 nm) were also measured during this period. Optical depth values ranged from less than 0.01 to 1.5. The influence of multiple scattering on these optical depth measurements was studied. A correction technique is presented which minimizes the influences of multiple scattering and derives information about cirrus cloud optical and physical properties. The UV/IR cirrus cloud optical depth ratio was estimated based on a comparison of lidar and GOES measurements. Simple radiative transfer model calculations compared with GOES satellite brightness temperatures indicate that satellite radiances are significantly affected by the presence of cirrus clouds if IR optical depths are approximately 0.005 or greater. Using the ISCCP detection threshold for cirrus clouds on the GOES data presented here, a high bias of up to 40% in the GOES precipitable water retrieval was found.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Spatially Varying Spectrally Thresholds for MODIS Cloud Detection (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The EOS science team has developed an elaborate global MODIS cloud detection procedure, and the resulting MODIS product (MOD35) is used in the retrieval process of several geophysical parameters to mask out clouds. While the global application of the cloud detection approach appears quite robust, the product has some shortcomings on the regional scale, often over determining clouds in a variety of settings, particularly at night. This over-determination of clouds can cause a reduction in the spatial coverage of MODIS derived clear-sky products. To minimize this problem, a new regional cloud detection method for use with MODIS data has been developed at NASA's Global Hydrology and Climate Center (GHCC). The approach is similar to that used by the GHCC for GOES data over the continental United States. Several spatially varying thresholds are applied to MODIS spectral data to produce a set of tests for detecting clouds. The thresholds are valid for each MODIS orbital pass, and are derived from 20-day composites of GOES channels with similar wavelengths to MODIS. This paper and accompanying poster will introduce the GHCC MODIS cloud mask, provide some examples, and present some preliminary validation.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: 13th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sep 20, 2004 - Sep 24, 2004; Norfolk, VA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Application of Satellite-Derived Land Surface Temperature to Minimum Temperature Forecasting (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) is studied for the purpose of understanding regional skin temperature dependency and variability, and its relationship to corresponding, site-specific air temperature. Skin temperature is highly correlated with surface-air temperature although it differs depending on land surface characteristics, terrain, and atmospheric conditions on a diurnal and seasonal scale. The high temporal resolution of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) -12 sounder is used to compare the diurnal cycles of LST and surface-air temperature. The minimum for both temperatures occurs near sunrise and LST is found to agree closely with surface-air temperatures a period of hours before sunrise on clear sky nights. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived LST renders more horizontal temperature structure - with its high spatial resolution (1 km at nadir) compared to the GOES-12 sounder (10 km). Nighttime MODIS-derived LST is extrapolated to the time of minimum temperature for a number of case study days and these are grouped by season and atmospheric conditions. These composites show that the variation in LST mirror the variation in minimum surface-air temperature under similar conditions.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: 13th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sep 20, 2004 - Sep 24, 2004; Norfolk, VA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    A Cloud Mask for AIRS (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: With the preliminary release of AIRS Level 1 and 2 data to the scientific community, there is a growing need for an accurate AIRS cloud mask for data assimilation studies and in producing products derived from cloud free radiances. Current cloud information provided with the AIRS data are limited or based on simplified threshold tests. A multispectral cloud detection approach has been developed for AIRS that utilizes the hyper-spectral capabilities to detect clouds based on specific cloud signatures across the short wave and long wave infrared window regions. This new AIRS cloud mask has been validated against the existing AIRS Level 2 cloud product and cloud information derived from MODIS. Preliminary results for both day and night applications over the continental U.S. are encouraging. Details of the cloud detection approach and validation results will be presented at the conference.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: 13th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Sep 20, 2004 - Sep 24, 2004; Norfolk, VA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Product Generation System (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Product Generation System (GPGS) is introduced and described. GPGS is a set of computer programs developed and maintained at the Global Hydrology and Climate Center and is designed to generate meteorological data products using visible and infrared measurements from the GOES-East Imager and Sounder instruments. The products that are produced by GPGS are skin temperature, total precipitable water, cloud top pressure, cloud albedo, surface albedo, and surface insolation. A robust cloud mask is also generated. The retrieval methodology for each product is described to include algorithm descriptions and required inputs and outputs for the programs. Validation is supplied where applicable.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NASA/TM-2004-213286 , M-1118
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Raman Lidar Measurements of Water Vapor and Cirrus Clouds During the Passage of Hurricane Bonnie (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The NASA/GSFC Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL) was stationed on Andros Island in the Bahamas during August - September, 1998 as a part of the third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) which focussed on hurricane development and tracking. During the period August 21 - 24, hurricane Bonnie passed near Andros Island and influenced the water vapor and cirrus cloud measurements acquired by the SRL. Two drying signatures related to the hurricane were recorded by the SRL and other sensors. Cirrus cloud optical depths (at 351 nm) were also measured during this period. Optical depth values ranged from approximately 0.01 to 1.4. The influence of multiple scattering on these optical depth measurements was studied with the conclusion that the measured values of optical depth are less than the actual value by up to 20%. The UV/lR cirrus cloud optical depth ratio was estimated based on a comparison of lidar and GOES measurements. Simple radiative transfer model calculations compared with GOES satellite brightness temperatures indicate that satellite radiances are significantly affected by the presence of cirrus clouds if IR optical depths are approximately 0.02 or greater. This has implications for satellite cirrus detection requirements.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Evaluation of Skin Temperatures Retrieved from GOES-8 (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Skin temperatures derived from geostationary satellites have the potential of providing the temporal and spatial resolution needed for model assimilation. To adequately assess the potential improvements in numerical model forecasts that can be made by assimilating satellite data, an estimate of the accuracy of the skin temperature product is necessary. A particular skin temperature algorithm, the Physical Split Window Technique, that uses the longwave infrared channels of the GOES Imager has shown promise in recent model assimilation studies to provide land surface temperatures with reasonable accuracy. A comparison of retrieved GOES-8 skin temperatures from this algorithm with in situ measurements is presented. Various retrieval algorithm issues are addressed including surface emissivity
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Jan 10, 2000 - Jan 14, 2000; Long Beach, CA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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