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Ophiolite concept and the evolution of geological thought : [thies volume is dedicated to Robert G. Coleman ...] (2003)

Dilek, Yildirim [Hrsg.] ; Newcomb, Sally [Hrsg.] ; Coleman, Robert G.

Boulder, Colo. : The Geological Society of America

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Call number: S 90.0095(373)

In: Special paper

Type of Medium: Series available for loan

Pages: xii, 504 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. + 1 Kt.-Beil.

ISBN: 0813723736

Series Statement: Special paper / Geological Society of America (GSA) 373

Location: Lower compact magazine

Branch Library: GFZ Library

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Ophiolites in earth history : [some of these papers were presented in thematic ophiolite sessions at the 2001 annual meeting of the Geological Society of America (Boston) and the 2001 Fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union (San Francisco)] (2003)

Dilek, Yildirim [Hrsg.] ; Robinson, Paul T. [Hrsg.]

London : The Geological Society

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Call number: 9/M 07.0155

In: Geological Society special publication

Description / Table of Contents: The 32 research papers in this volume examine the mode and nature of igneous, metamorphic, tectonic, sedimentological and biological processes associated with the evolution of ophiolites in Earth's history. Divided into six sections, the book presents a wealth of new data and syntheses from ophiolites around the world. Introductory chapters review the distribution of ophiolites in space and time and present a synoptic discussion on their importance in Earth history. Papers in the second section present diverse data from Tethyan ophiolites and provide refined geodynamic models for their evolution. The following two sections present case studies documenting magmatic, metamorphic and tectonic processes in ophiolite genesis and hydrothermal and biogenic alteration of fossil oceanic crust. Mechanisms of ophiolite emplacement are explored in Section V with a focus on the Semail massif (Oman). The last section examines the regional occurrence and geodynamic significance of ophiolite belts on different continents. The book reflects the contemporary work of the international community in a most up-to-date treatment of process-oriented questions on the evolution of ophiolites.

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: VI, 717 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. , 26 cm

ISBN: 1862391459

Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 218

Classification:

Geochemistry

Location: Reading room

Branch Library: GFZ Library

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Ophiolites in Earth History (2003)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Dilek, Yildirim ; Robinson, P. T.

London : The Geological Society

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Description / Table of Contents: The 32 research papers in this volume examine the mode and nature of igneous, metamorphic, tectonic, sedimentological and biological processes associated with the evolution of ophiolites in Earth's history. Divided into six sections, the book presents a wealth of new data and syntheses from ophiotites around the world. Introductory chapters review the distribution of ophiolites in space and time and present a synoptic discussion on their importance in Earth history. Papers in the second section present diverse data from Tethyan ophiolites and provide refined geodynamic models for their evolution. The following two sections present case studies documenting magmatic, metamorphic and tectonic processes in ophiolite genesis and hydrothermal and biogenic alteration of fossil oceanic crust. Mechanisms of ophiolite emplacement are explored in Section V with a focus on the Semail massif (Oman). The last section examines the regional occurrence and geodynamic significance of ophiolite belts on different continents. The book reflects the contemporary work of the international community in a most up-to-date treatment of process-oriented questions on the evolution of ophiolites.

Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 716 Seiten)

ISBN: 1862391459

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/218/1.toc

Language: English

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Ophiolites in Earth history: introduction (2003)

Dilek, Yildirim ; Robinson, Paul T.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 218: 1-8.

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Publication Date: 2003-01-01

Description: Ophiolites record significant evidence for tectonic and magmatic processes from rift-drift through accrefionary and collisional stages of continental margin evolution in various tectonic settings. Structural, petrological and geochemical features of ophiolites and associated rock units provide essential information on mantle flow field effects, including plume activities, collision-induced aesthenospheric extrusion, crustal growth via magmatism and tectonic accretion in subductionaccretion cycles, changes in the structure and composition of the crust and mantle reservoirs through time, and evolution of global geochemical cycles and seawater compositions. Ophiolite studies over the years have played a major role in better understanding of mid-ocean ridge and subduction zone processes, mantle dynanlics and heterogeneity, magma chamber processes, fluid flow mechanisms and fluid-rock interactions in oceanic lithosphere, the evolution of deep biosphere, the role of plate tectonics and plume tectonics in crustal evolution during the Precambrian and the Phanerozoic, and mechanisms of continental growth in accretionary and coltisional mountain belts. Through multi-disciplinary investigations and comparative studies of ophiolites and modern oceanic crust and using advanced instrumentation and computational facilities, the international ophiolite community has gathered a wealth of new data and syntheses from ophiolites around the world during the last 10 years. The purpose of this book is to present the most recent data, observations and ideas on different aspects of 'ophiolite science' through case studies and to document the mode and nature of igneous, metamorphic, tectonic, sedimentological and/or biological processes associated with the evolution of oceanic crust in different tectonic settings in Earth's history.

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Proterozoic ophiolites of the Arabian Shield and their significance in Precambrian tectonics (2003)

Dilek, Yildirim ; Ahmed, Zulfiqar

In: Geological Society Special Publication 218: 685-700.

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Publication Date: 2003-01-01

Description: Neoproterozoic ophiolites, ranging in age from c. 870 Ma to c. 627 Ma, occur in several discrete suture and/or fault zones within the Arabian Shield and display a record of riftdrift, sea-floor spreading and collision tectonics during the evolution of the East African Orogen. The ophiolites within the Yanbu and Bir Umq suture zones in the west are among the oldest (870-740 Ma) in the Shield, locally show a Penrose-tyep complete pseudostratigraphy, and have chemical compositions typical of modern forearc oceanic crust. They are spatially associated with coeval and younger volcanic arc assemblages and were incorporated into the Arabian Shield during a series of collisional events that amalgamated these ensimatic arc terranes. The ophiolites of the Hulayfah-Ruwah suture zone in the central Arabian Shield are coeval with and/or slightly younger (c. 843-821 Ma) than the ophiolites in the west and probably developed in a rifted ensimatic arc system that evolved as a volcanic archipelago near the Afif continental plate. Younger ophiolites (c. 694 Ma) of the Halaban and Al Amar suture zones in the eastern Arabian Shield were incorporated into a subduction-accretion complex that evolved at the Andean-type active margin along the eastern edge (in present coordinate system) of the Afif continental plate. The Halaban suture zone ophiolites represent forearc oceanic crust, whereas the Al Amar suture zone ophiolites are scraped-off fragments of Mozambique ocean floor, seamounts and/or ocean island(s); the Abt Schist between them corresponds to a Franciscan-type accretionary prism of the Halaban' subduction zone. The incorporation of these ophiolites and the continental plates (Afif and Ar Rayn) into the Arabian Shield during 640-620 Ma marks a major shift in the direction of convergence (from northerly to westerly) during the assembly of the Shield and distinct episodes of continental collisions during closure of the Mozambique Ocean. The ophiolites of the Nabitah-Hamdah fault zone within the Asir terrane are the youngest (c. 627 Ma) in the Shield, post-collisional in origin, display mid-ocean ridge basalt chemical affinity, and represent Ligurian-type oceanic crust developed in an intracontinental pararift zone. The ophiolite tectonics of the Arabian Shield indicates an eastward progression of continental growth through time as the East African Orogen was built during the late Neoproterozoic, following the breakup of Rodinia.

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Ophiolite pulses, mantle plumes and orogeny (2003)

Dilek, Yildirim

In: Geological Society Special Publication 218: 9-19.

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Publication Date: 2003-01-01

Description: Ophiolites show a wide range of internal structure, pseudostratigraphy and chemical fingerprints suggesting various tectonic settings of their origin. In general, they are characterized as mafic-ultramafic assemblages and associated sedimentary and metamorphic rock units that formed during different stages of the Wilson cycle evolution of ancient oceans, and that were subsequently incorporated into continental margins through collisional and/or accretionary orogenic events. Distributions of ophiolites with certain age groups in different orogenic belts define distinct ophiolite pulses, times of enhanced ophiolite genesis and emplacement, in Earth history. These pulses coincide with the timing of major collisional events during the assembly of supercontinents (i.e. Rodinia, Gondwana and Pangaea), dismantling of these supercontinents, and increased mantle plume activities that formed widespread large igneous provinces (LIPs). Suprasubduction zone ophiolites in orogenic belts signify oceanic crust generation in subduction rollback cycles during the closing stages of basins prior to terminal continental collisions. Both collision-driven assembly of supercontinents and deep penetration of subducted slabs into the lower mantle may produce plumes that in turn facilitate continental rifting, sea-floor spreading and oceanic plateau generation, all of which seem to have contributed to ophiolite genesis. Accelerated LIP formation and seafloor spreading that are associated with superplume events are likely to have caused widespread collisions and tectonic accretion of ophiolites at global scales. Together, these spatial and temporal relations suggest close links between ophiolite pulses, mantle plumes and orogenic events in Earth history.

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Arc-trench rollback and forearc accretion: 2. A model template for ophiolites in Albania, Cyprus, and Oman (2003)

Dilek, Yildirim ; Flower, Martin F. J.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 218: 43-68.

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Publication Date: 2003-01-01

Description: Ophiolite assemblages record structural, magmatic, and metamorphic processes that preceded their entrapment in orogenic belts by continental plate collisions. Ophiolite genetic models appealing to oceanic' or suprasubduction' provenance are still unable to reconcile several basic problems, including: (1) the association of boninites with oceanic ridge-type structural settings; (2) the diachronous patch-like' distribution of ophiolites in orogenic belts; (3) disparate ages between and within their mantle and crustal sections; (4) the lack of evidence for obduction' at modern passive margins. In contrast, the proposal that ophiolite genesis is exclusive to intra-oceanic forearc settings is compelling, given their uniquely shared structural, lithological, and stratigraphic attributes. Forearcs are interpreted to record discrete stages of subduction rollback' cycles, examples of which begin with subduction nucleation and the formation of boninitic proto-arcs', followed by arc splitting and concomitant retreat of the evolving arc-forearc complex. Forearc assemblages are likely to resist subduction to become entrapped in orogens, in contrast to denser, recently formed back-arc basin lithosphere, which is reconsumed by subduction following collision of the retreating forearc. As a model for Neo-Tethyan ophiolite genesis, this is predicated on the notion that rollback cycles are driven by ductile asthenosphere mobilized prior to and during collisions of Gondwana fragments with accreting Eurasia. It is also consistent with the apparent correlation of ophiolite ages with collisional events and their conjugate plate kinematic adjustments. Here, we use the slab rollback model as a template for interpreting the structural, magmatic, and metamorphic characteristics of well-studied Tethyan ophiolites, in Albania (Mirdita), Cyprus (Troodos), and Oman (Semail).

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What constitutes 'emplacement' of an ophiolite?: Mechanisms and relationship to subduction initiation and formation of metamorphic soles (2003)

Wakabayashi, John ; Dilek, Yildirim

In: Geological Society Special Publication 218: 427-447.

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Publication Date: 2003-01-01

Description: Ophiolites have long been recognized as on-land fragments of fossil oceanic lithosphere, which becomes an ophiolite when incorporated into continental margins through a complex process known as emplacement'. A fundamental problem of ophiolite emplacement is how dense oceanic crust becomes emplaced over less dense material(s) of continental margins or subduction-accretion systems. Subduction of less dense material beneath a future ophiolite is necessary to overcome the adverse density contrast. The relationship of subduction to ophiolite emplacement is a critical link between ophiolites and their role in the development of orogenic belts. Although ophiolite emplacement mechanisms are clearly varied, most existing models and definitions of emplacement concern a specific type of ophiolite (i.e. Oman or Troodos) and do not apply to many of the world's ophiolites. We have defined four prototype ophiolites based on different emplacement mechanisms: (1) Tethyan' ophiolites, emplaced over passive continental margins or microcontinents as a result of collisional events; (2) Cordilleran' ophiolites progressively emplaced over subduction complexes through accretionary processes; (3) ridge-trench intersection' (RTI) ophiolites emplaced through complex processes resulting from the interaction between a spreading ridge and a subduction zone; (4) the unique Macquarie Island ophiolite, which has been subaerially exposed as a result of a change in plate boundary configuration along a mid-ocean ridge system. Protracted evolutionary history of some ocean basins, and variation along the strike of subduction zones may result in more complicated scenarios in ophiolite emplacement mechanisms. No single definition of emplacement is free of drawbacks; however, we can consider the inception of subduction, thrusting over a continental margin or subduction complex, and subaerial exposure as critical individual stages in ophiolite emplacement.

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