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  • 2000-2004  (210)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 460-470 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature and coverage dependent studies of p-aminobenzoic acid on a Cu(110) single crystal surface show a novel sequence of periodic structures linked to successive removal of hydrogen from the adsorbed species, as shown by LEED, STM, HREELS, and TPD. At room temperature, flat-lying molecules with a primitive unit cell of (3×4) periodicity with glide plane along the 〈001〉 direction are observed. Annealing this surface to 464 K causes partial desorption of H2 and a variation of the intensity in HREELS of various bands and formation of a (5 −22 4) periodicity. STM images suggest the formation of dimers, as a result of the dehydrogenation. On annealing to higher temperatures (510 K), further dehydrogenation forms (6 −51 2) structure. Finally, at 540 K, a (4 −31 2) periodicity is revealed in which all species correspond to dehydrogenated dimers. Through this sequence, all species retain a flat-lying orientation on the surface. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @international journal of logistics management 13 (2002), S. 57-72 
    ISSN: 0957-4093
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) is an industry-wide initiative that is commonly believed to have fallen far short of its promised efficiencies and value. Many believe that unrealistic expectations among grocery industry participants are primarily at fault for this shortcoming. The level of internal and external change required to make desired outcomes a reality have been underestimated and poorly understood by prospective participants. While change has been slower than desired, many firms have collaborated effectively and achieved significant results through coordinated supply chain activities. This research uses case studies to illustrate successful collaboration in the grocery supply chain and explores the success factors inherent in such efforts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @international journal of logistics management 11 (2000), S. 99-110 
    ISSN: 0957-4093
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Due to the increasingly competitive global business environment supply chain compression (reducing or eliminating the number of unnecessary logistical activities in a given supply chain) will be imperative for carriers, shippers and customers. Consequently, a premium will be paid for those carriers that are convergent. That is, convergent carriers performance must exceed expectations regarding achievement of established logistics cost and service objectives by performing whatever functions are required to satisfy supply chain participants. Such carriers will proactively work with both shippers and their customers to compress the supply chain by limiting unwanted actions while accomplishing mutually beneficial goals. In so doing, service to their customers is being elevated to the next level.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural biology 10 (2003), S. 812-819 
    ISSN: 1072-8368
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In bacteriophage l, transcription elongation is regulated by the N protein, which binds a nascent mRNA hairpin (termed boxB) and enables RNA polymerase to read through distal terminators. We have examined the structure, energetics and in vivo function of a number of N–boxB complexes derived ...
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Human intestinal in vitro organ culture was used to assess the tissue tropism of human isolates of Escherichia coli O103:H2 and O103:H- that express intimin ɛ. Both strains showed tropism for follicle associated epithelium and limited adhesion to other regions of the small and large intestine. This is similar to the tissue tropism shown by intimin γ enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) O157:H7, but distinct from that of intimin α enteropathogenic (EPEC) O127:H6.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathogenic potential of many Gram-negative bacteria is indicated by the possession of a specialized type III secretion system that is used to deliver virulence effector proteins directly into the cellular environment of the eukaryotic host. Extracellular assemblies of secreted proteins contrive a physical link between the pathogen and host cytosol and enable the translocated effectors to bypass the bacterial and host membranes in a single step. Subsequent interactions of some effector proteins with host cytoskeletal and signalling proteins result in modulation of the cytoskeletal architecture of the aggressed cell and facilitate entry, survival and dissemination of the pathogen. Although the secreted components of type III secretion systems are diverse, many are predicted to share a common coiled-coil structural feature. Coiled-coils are ubiquitous and highly versatile assembly motifs found in a wide range of structural and regulatory proteins. The prevalence of these domains in secreted virulence effector proteins suggests a fundamental contribution to multiple aspects of their function, and evidence accumulating from functional studies suggests an intrinsic involvement of coiled-coils in subunit assembly, translocation and flexible interactions with multiple bacterial and host proteins. The known functional flexibility that coiled-coil domains confer upon proteins provides insights into some of the pathogenic mechanisms used during interaction with the host.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In many Gram-negative bacteria, a key indicator of pathogenic potential is the possession of a specialized type III secretion system, which is utilized to deliver virulence effector proteins directly into the host cell cytosol. Many of the proteins secreted from such systems require small cytosolic chaperones to maintain the secreted substrates in a secretion-competent state. One such protein, CesT, serves a chaperone function for the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) translocated intimin receptor (Tir) protein, which confers upon EPEC the ability to alter host cell morphology following intimate bacterial attachment. Using a combination of complementary biochemical approaches, functional domains of CesT that mediate intermolecular interactions, involved in both chaperone–chaperone and chaperone–substrate associations, were determined. The CesT N-terminal is implicated in chaperone dimerization, whereas the amphipathic α-helical region of the C-terminal, is intimately involved in substrate binding. By functional complementation of chaperone domains using the Salmonella SicA chaperone to generate chaperone chimeras, we show that CesT–Tir interaction proceeds by a mechanism potentially common to other type III secretion system chaperones.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 424 (2003), S. 389-390 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The pitting corrosion of stainless steels that occurs in environments containing chloride usually initiates at manganese sulphide particles in the steel. Ryan et al. describe the presence of a wide chromium-depleted zone around MnS inclusions in a stainless steel (316F grade), suggesting that ...
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Harlequin (Hq) mutant mice have progressive degeneration of terminally differentiated cerebellar and retinal neurons. We have identified the Hq mutation as a proviral insertion in the apoptosis-inducing factor (Aif) gene, causing about an 80% reduction in AIF expression. Mutant cerebellar granule ...
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 48 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Homopolar doublets with twofold rotational symmetry were generated in Paramecium tetraurelia and in P. undecaurelia by electrofusion or by arrested conjugation. These doublets underwent a complex cortical reorganization over time, which led to their reversion to singlets. This reorganization involved a reduction in number of ciliary rows, a progressive inactivation and loss of one oral meridian, and a reduction and eventual disappearance of one cortical surface (semicell) situated between the two oral meridians. The intermediate steps of this reorganization included some processes that resemble those previously described in regulating doublets of other ciliates, and others that are peculiar to members of the “P. aurelia” species-group and some of its close relatives. The former included a disappearance of one cortical landmark (a contractile vacuole meridian) and transient appearance of another (a third cytoproct) within the narrower semicell. The latter included a reorganization of the paratene zone and the associated invariant (non-duplicating) region to occupy the entire narrower semicell and a redistribution of zones of most active basal-body proliferation within the opposite, wider semicell. The final steps of reorganization involved anterior displacement, invagination, and resorption of one of the two oral apparatuses and eventual disappearance of the associated oral meridian. An oral meridian deprived of its oral apparatus, either by spontaneous resorption or microsurgical removal, could persist for some time in “incomplete doublets” before regulating to the singlet condition. The phylogenetically widespread events encountered in the regulation of doublets to singlets suggest that Paramecium shares some of the global regulatory properties that are likely to be ancestral in ciliates. The more specific events are probably associated with the complex cytoskeletal architecture of this organism and with the frequent occurrence of autogamy that was described in the preceding study (Prajer et al. 1999).
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