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  • 1
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    Análisis estructural y evolución tectonometamórfica del basamento de las cuencas neógenas de Vera y Huercal-Overa, Béticas orientales (2003)
    Sociedad Geológica de España
    In:  Revista de la Sociedad Geologica de Espana, 16 (3-4). pp. 193-211.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-14
    Description: The basement of the Vera and Huercal Overa basins (southeastem Betics) is fonned by rocks ofthe Alboran Crustal Domain; a terrain which collided with the South-Iberian and Maghrebian continentalmargins in the Lower Miocene, resulting in the fonnation of the Gibraltar Are mountain chain. The Alpuja1Tide complex which occupies an intermediate structural position within the Alboran Domain, above the Nevado-Filabride and below the Malaguide complexes, includes at least three tectonic units in the southeastern Betics. From bottom to top in the slTuctural sequence, these units are Almagro, Almanzora and Variegato. The metapelitic rocks of these units show significative differences in their tectonic fabrics and in their P-T metamorphic paths. The lower Almagro unit underwent low-P/low-T metamorphism (300 oc and 3-4 kbar) and its metapelites are slates with no differentiated metamorphic fabric, which show two sets of spaced axial-plane cleavages. The intennediate Almanzora unit has two differentiated metamorphic fabrics. The oldest foliation (S,) preserved in quartz-rich domains of a crenulation cleavage (S ce) grew during high-P/low-T metamorphism (between 300 °C/12 kbar and 350 oC/6 kbar). The Scc cleavage deyeloped after an isobaric heating to 475 oc at 5 kbar and registers an initial isothennal decompression to 475 oc at 3 kbar followed by cooling to 300 oc at 2 kbar. A brittle spaced cleavage axial plane to N-vergent asymmetric folM cuts the S ce fabtic. At the top ofthe Alpujarride tectonic pile the Variegato unit, includes up to tlu·ee imbrications formed from top to bottom by gamet schists, fine"grained schists and Triassic carbonates. The main Scc foliation in the gamet schists grew during a nearly isothennal decompression between 500 oc at 8 kbar and 525 oc at 2 kbar. In the Variegato dark schists, the spaced crenulation cleavage associated to Nvergent folds is defined by muscovite and chlorite lepidoblasts and is overprinted by the growth of andalousite porphyroblasts. This assemblage equilibrated at 450-460 oc at 2 kbar. The Variegato fine-grained schists include a high-P/low-T Mg-carpholite-bearing assemblage, within pre-Scc quartz veins equilibrated at 8-10 kbar and approximately 400 °C. Furthermore, a chlorite + phengite + quartz assemblage defining the se relic foliation in lenticular domains of the scc cleavage shows local equilibria at 11 to 9 kbar at 400 °C. The superposition ofthese units was related with N-directed compressional brittle-ductile shear zones and associated N-vergent asymmetric folds, which were active at a late stage of the metamorphic evolution after coaxial ductile flattening of the Variegato and Almanzora units. The thrust pile that resulted from this late compressional event was later thinned by two consecutive brittle extensional systems with northward and southwestward tectonic transport. Final! y, these metamorphic rocks were exhumed to the surface in the core of E-W oriented anticlinal ridges, which developed during the Upper Neogene and the Quaternary. Folding and strike-slip faulting of the Miocene Alboran basin produced the present basin and range morphology of the southeastern Betics, which is characterised by the formation of isolated sedimentary basins in the synclines.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Metamorfismo de AP/BT en metapelitas de la unidad de Ragua (complejo Nevado-Filábride, Béticas). Resultados termobarométricos del estudio de equilibrios locales (2003)
    Sociedad Geológica de España
    In:  Geogaceta, 34 . pp. 87-90.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-16
    Description: We have analysed the thermobarometric equilibrium conditions reached during local equilibria among phengite + chlorite + quartz + water ± chloritoid ± garnet assemblages found in metapelites of the Ragua unit, the structurally-lowest tectonic unit outcropping in the Betics hinterland (southern Spain). Porphyroblast- deformation relationships show that lenticular domains preserved within the main foliation in the metapelites grew during a HP/LT prograde metamorphic event with thermal conditions of 320-450 °C and 12-14 kbar pressure. Hence, the Ragua unit subducted in a continental accretionary-wedge context, undergoing a tectonic evolution parallel to the one followed by the two other overlying Nevado-Filabride units.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Triggering of destructive earthquakes in El Salvador (2004)
    In:  Geology, Zagreb, 3-4, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 65-68, pp. B06305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Stress ; Seismicity ; Coulomb ; triggering ; Martinez ; Diaz ; Alvarez ; Gomez ; Hernandez ; Earthquake ; Central ; America
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Stress field variation related to fault interaction in a reverse oblique-slip fault: the Alhama de Murcia fault, Betic Cordillera, Spain (2002)
    In:  Tectonophys., Zagreb, 3-4, vol. 356, no. 4, pp. 291-305, pp. B06305, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Stress ; Fault zone ; Inversion ; Tectonics ; Martinez ; Diaz
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    3-D seismic modeling for cracked media: Shear-wave splitting at zero-offset (2000)
    In:  Geophysics, Jena, Scientific American, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 211-221, pp. RG4001, 29 pp., (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Three dimensional ; Modelling ; cracks and fractures (.NE. fracturing) ; AnisotropyS ; Applied geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 6
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    The new accelerograph network for Santa Fe de Bogota, Colombia and implications for microzonation (2002)
    In:  Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Kyoto, AGU, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 791-797, pp. L24617, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Seismic networks ; Earthquake hazard ; Site amplification ; noksp ; SDEE
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 7
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    Hyperspectral Image Classification using a Self-Organizing Map (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The use of hyperspectral data to determine the abundance of constituents in a certain portion of the Earth's surface relies on the capability of imaging spectrometers to provide a large amount of information at each pixel of a certain scene. Today, hyperspectral imaging sensors are capable of generating unprecedented volumes of radiometric data. The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), for example, routinely produces image cubes with 224 spectral bands. This undoubtedly opens a wide range of new possibilities, but the analysis of such a massive amount of information is not an easy task. In fact, most of the existing algorithms devoted to analyzing multispectral images are not applicable in the hyperspectral domain, because of the size and high dimensionality of the images. The application of neural networks to perform unsupervised classification of hyperspectral data has been tested by several authors and also by us in some previous work. We have also focused on analyzing the intrinsic capability of neural networks to parallelize the whole hyperspectral unmixing process. The results shown in this work indicate that neural network models are able to find clusters of closely related hyperspectral signatures, and thus can be used as a powerful tool to achieve the desired classification. The present work discusses the possibility of using a Self Organizing neural network to perform unsupervised classification of hyperspectral images. In sections 3 and 4, the topology of the proposed neural network and the training algorithm are respectively described. Section 5 provides the results we have obtained after applying the proposed methodology to real hyperspectral data, described in section 2. Different parameters in the learning stage have been modified in order to obtain a detailed description of their influence on the final results. Finally, in section 6 we provide the conclusions at which we have arrived.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: Proceedings of the Tenth JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop; 267-274
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  • 8
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    Spatial/Spectral Identification of Endmembers from AVIRIS Data using Mathematical Morphology (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: During the last several years, a number of airborne and satellite hyperspectral sensors have been developed or improved for remote sensing applications. Imaging spectrometry allows the detection of materials, objects and regions in a particular scene with a high degree of accuracy. Hyperspectral data typically consist of hundreds of thousands of spectra, so the analysis of this information is a key issue. Mathematical morphology theory is a widely used nonlinear technique for image analysis and pattern recognition. Although it is especially well suited to segment binary or grayscale images with irregular and complex shapes, its application in the classification/segmentation of multispectral or hyperspectral images has been quite rare. In this paper, we discuss a new completely automated methodology to find endmembers in the hyperspectral data cube using mathematical morphology. The extension of classic morphology to the hyperspectral domain allows us to integrate spectral and spatial information in the analysis process. In Section 3, some basic concepts about mathematical morphology and the technical details of our algorithm are provided. In Section 4, the accuracy of the proposed method is tested by its application to real hyperspectral data obtained from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imaging spectrometer. Some details about these data and reference results, obtained by well-known endmember extraction techniques, are provided in Section 2. Finally, in Section 5 we expose the main conclusions at which we have arrived.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: Proceedings of the Tenth JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop; 309-319
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  • 9
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    Growth and maturational changes in dense fibrous connective tissue following 14 days of rhGH supplementation in the dwarf rat (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on patella tendon (PT), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) on collagen growth and maturational changes in dwarf GH-deficient rats. Twenty male Lewis mutant dwarf rats, 37 days of age, were randomly assigned to Dwarf + rhGH (n = 10) and Dwarf + vehicle (n = 10) groups. The GH group received 1.25 mg rhGH/kg body wt twice daily for 14 days. rhGH administration stimulated dense fibrous connective tissue growth, as demonstrated by significant increases in hydroxyproline specific activity and significant decreases in the non-reducible hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) collagen cross-link contents. The increase in the accumulation of newly accreted collagen was 114, 67, and 117% for PT, MCL, and LCL, respectively, in 72 h. These findings suggest that a short course rhGH treatment can affect the rate of new collagen production. However, the maturation of the tendon and ligament tissues decreased 18-25% during the rapid accumulation of de novo collagen. We conclude that acute rhGH administration in a dwarf rat can up-regulate new collagen accretion in dense fibrous connective tissues, while causing a reduction in collagen maturation. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society (ISSN 1096-6374); Volume 12; 5; 367-73
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  • 10
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    Hindlimb unloading alters ligament healing (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We investigated the hypothesis that hindlimb unloading inhibits healing in fibrous connective tissue such as ligament. Male rats were assigned to 3- and 7-wk treatment groups with three subgroups each: sham control, ambulatory healing, and hindlimb-suspended healing. Ambulatory and suspended animals underwent surgical rupture of their medial collateral ligaments, whereas sham surgeries were performed on control animals. After 3 or 7 wk, mechanical and/or morphological properties were measured in ligament, muscle, and bone. During mechanical testing, most suspended ligaments failed in the scar region, indicating the greatest impairment was to ligament and not to bone-ligament insertion. Ligament testing revealed significant reductions in maximum force, ultimate stress, elastic modulus, and low-load properties in suspended animals. In addition, femoral mineral density, femoral strength, gastrocnemius mass, and tibialis anterior mass were significantly reduced. Microscopy revealed abnormal scar formation and cell distribution in suspended ligaments with extracellular matrix discontinuities and voids between misaligned, but well-formed, collagen fiber bundles. Hence, stress levels from ambulation appear unnecessary for formation of fiber bundles yet required for collagen to form structurally competent continuous fibers. Results support our hypothesis that hindlimb unloading impairs healing of fibrous connective tissue. In addition, this study provides compelling morphological evidence explaining the altered structure-function relationship in load-deprived healing connective tissue.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (ISSN 8750-7587); Volume 94; 1; 314-24
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